Search results

The challenges of collecting current labor market data amidst global changes and geopolitical fluctuations increasingly necessitate new approaches and alternative methods of data collection and analysis. This highlights the relevance of research aimed at developing and adapting labor market information provision methods to contemporary challenges. A promising approach in this context is the use of Big Data for labor market assessment, which involves collecting information from sources such as online job search and vacancy portals. This method allows for a deeper analysis of market trends and provides a more accurate and timely assessment of labor market needs and opportunities. The aim of this article is to discuss approaches to developing labor market information systems using Big Data, particularly online data from job vacancy websites. It examines the use of Big Data in labor market analysis based on a database containing over four million job vacancies posted on Ukrainian job search portals over the last five years, provided by the European Training Foundation (ETF). The effectiveness of these approaches in facilitating job search for all interested parties is evaluated, particularly through providing insights into the dynamics of supply and demand in the labor market based on data from these portals. The opportunities and limitations of using Big Data in this context are analyzed, including their impact on employment policy development and labor market planning. The potential benefits of Big Data in providing deeper and more accurate market condition analyses are outlined, along with technical aspects and challenges associated with their processing and interpretation. The article examines methodological approaches to data collection and analytical processing in the context of accelerated transformations, volatility, and limited access to traditional information resources. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the substantiation of the feasibility and appropriateness of using open data from online job portals for labor market information provision under current conditions. In conducting the research, methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization were applied to identify the main contemporary issues of labor market information provision in Ukraine. The effectiveness of data collection methods based on web scraping and parsing techniques was evaluated, as well as the use of the integrated Snowflake platform to identify key trends and patterns in the labor market. The conclusions summarize the main points and substantiate directions for further research, highlighting the significance of Big Data in developing employment strategies and optimizing the labor market.

El presente ensayo satisface tres propósitos en torno al municipio: (a) expone los fundamentos y argumentos del municipio como entidad socio-política y división político-administrativa básica de la Nación, que exige dar un salto cualitativo hacia la modernización; (b) indica taxativamente que el cuerpo social, el cuerpo territorial y la envolvente ambiental son sus dimensiones, vista a escala local, y encuentra en la gerencia estratégica su función rectora; (c) establece la visión realística del municipio venezolano, para ofrecer un conjunto de directrices y líneas maestras en la construcción de futuro, en el marco del desarrollo humano, armónico y sostenible. El centro de atención fue responder a los requerimientos de la sociedad local. Se colocó el énfasis en lo socio-político sin descuidar requerimientos de lo territorial-ambiental y sin dejar de lado lo administrativo, pues son dimensiones y función que convergen en la idea del municipio moderno. Se indagó en instituciones municipales claves, se revisó una densa bibliografía y se dialogó con actores institucionales del poder municipal. Ello facilitó generar un conocimiento adecuado. Devolverle fueros perdidos al municipio es colocarlo como institución eficiente, transparente, y con pertinencia social en la construcción de futuro. Lo contrario es transitar el camino de la frustración. ; This paper fulfills three purposes related to the municipality: (a) sets out the rationale and arguments of the municipality as socio-political entity and basic political and administrative division of the Nation, which requires a qualitative leap towards modernization, (b) indicates specifically that the social body, the territorial body and environmental envelope are its dimensions, as seen on a local scale, with strategic management in its steering role, (c) establishes a realistic vision of the Venezuelan municipality to provide a set of guidelines for the construction of its future within a framework of human development that is also harmonious and sustainable. The focus was to address the requirements of the local society. An emphasis was placed on the socio-political aspects without neglecting the territory-environmental requirements and at the same time keeping in sight the administrative aspects since they are all dimensions and functions where the idea of a modern municipality converge. Research was conducted in key municipal institutions, a dense literature review was undertaken and a dialog was conducted with institutional actors of municipal power. This strategy was able to generate the required knowledge. To restore lost rights to the municipality is to placeit as the efficient, transparent, and social relevant institution that is necessary to build the future. The opposite is a walk on the path of frustration. ; 11-42 ; melias@ula.ve ; nablan@ula.ve, n_ablan@hotmail.com ; semestral

El presente trabajo se propone como un acercamiento a las narrativas de la transición democrática argentina a partir del análisis de los films La República perdida (Miguel Pérez, 1983) y Evita, quien quiera oír que oiga (Eduardo Mignogna, 1984). En términos generales, se vuelve manifiesta en estos documentales la voluntad de develar tramos o versiones de la historia que no se corresponden con la "verdad oficial" que había sido sostenida hasta ese momento. Entendemos que el análisis de estos films abre una entrada privilegiada para abordar algunos aspectos de la reconfiguración del espacio público argentino en un momento de re-organización, luego de la contracción que había sufrido el campo cultural durante la dictadura (1976-1983). ; This work is put forward as an approach to the narratives of the Argentine transition to democracy departing from the analysis of the films La República Perdida (Miguel Pérez, 1983) and Evita, quien quiera oír que oiga (Eduardo Mignogna, 1984). In general terms, these two documentary films evidence the will of revealing stretches or versions of history which do not match the "official truth" that had been sustained up to that moment. We understand that the analysis of the mentioned films opens a privileged entrance to address certain aspects of the reconfiguration of the Argentine public space in a moment of reorganization, after the contraction that the cultural field had suffered during dictatorship (1976-1983). ; Fil: Margulis, Paola Judith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentina

"This edited book is based on original work of authors. It discusses elder abuse issues and brings focus on different ways of combating it. The topic of elder abuse has gained importance in recent years especially with ageing of the populations and increase in the number of older people in societies. Australia and India are two important and leading countries in the Asia Pacific region. Their specific country responses are of interest in these regions and even for the world. Combating elder abuse has gained importance in recent times as there are not only different types of elder abuse identified in societies but also there exists various strategies to deal with the problem. What steps are being taken in Australia and India can be examples of combating the menace in the Pacific and Asian region. The book will of academic interest as it highlights an important concern with which academicians and researchers are increasingly getting involved in different countries and looking for solutions and ways to combat the growing problem from different disciplinary frameworks but mainly from social and legal perspectives which this book takes into account. This is first of its kind book which focuses on two important ageing countries, namely Australia and India, simultaneously, who are increasingly facing the problem of elder abuse, a growing global menace which requires different combating mechanisms to minimize its impact on societies. Social and legal perspectives on tackling the problem of elder abuse in different situations are gaining ground in countries and the chapters in this book discuss different aspects of ways to combat the problem by also discussing aspects of its occurrence in different sections of the society. Issues of vulnerabilities which older people face leading to elder abuse and what kind of societal responses are needed and are being adopted in societies to combat the problem has been highlighted by different authors in the book. Chapters written by experts from the social and legal field from the two countries, giving first-hand account of the situation in terms of care giving issues, financial abuse, rural areas, dementia patients, widows, prevailing legislations, residential care facilities, national and local responses, rights of senior citizens, and broader concerns related to combating the problem would be of interest to cross section of people across the world"--

Пословицы как форма отражения национальной культуры запечатлевают наиболее важные для народной жизни и сознания носителей языка кванты информации. В них ярко подмечены различные аспекты жизнедеятельности социума, в том числе специфика труда, проявляющаяся в единицах инструментального кода. В центре внимания нашей статьи находятся паремии, содержащие компоненты - названия инструментов и приспособлений, используемых для осуществления различных работ и по-разному осмысляемых (пила, клещи, молоток, шило, скобель, плуг, соха и др.). Наиболее важен в содержании паремий прагматический аспект, касающийся результатов труда, которые зависят от наличия инструментов, их правильного выбора и качества, своевременности их применения, опыта и умения исполнителя, приложения усилий и т. д. Одной из наиболее весомых является идея важности инструмента как гарантирующего наличие пропитания и, следовательно, жизнь (Покуда цеп в руках, потуда и хлеб в зубах). Среди многих орудий труда важное место занимают топор как универсальный инструмент (Топор острее, так и дело спорее; Топор сохе первый пособник), пригодный для многих работ, соха (сошка) - главное орудие земледельца-хлебопашца (Без сохи - не пахарь, без молотка - не кузнец), а также коса (Без косы и сена не накосишь).
Proverbs are forms of reflection of national culture. They capture the most important information quanta for people's life and consciousness of native speakers. They clearly highlight various aspects of social life, including the specifics of labor, which is manifested in the units of the instrumental code. The focus of our attention is on the proverbs containing components - the names of tools and devices used to carry out work and comprehended in various aspects (saw, tongs, hammer, awl, scraper, plow, etc.). The most important aspect in the content of proverbs is the pragmatic aspect related to the results of labor, which depend on the availability of tools, their correct choice and quality, the timeliness of their application, the experience and skill of the performer, the application of efforts, etc. One of the most weighty ideas is the importance of the tool as a guarantee of sustenance and, therefore, life (As long as the flail is in the hands, then the bread is in the teeth). Among the many types of labor tools, an important place is occupied by an ax as a universal tool (Not an ax feeds a man, but July work), and a plow - the main tool of the farmer (Without a plow - not a plowman, without a hammer - not a blacksmith), as well as a scythe (Without a scythe, you can't mow hay).

Society's transition towards a sustainable state entails rapid and disruptive change in all sectors. This change is the source of profound uncertainty. From a company perspective, it can either pose existential threats if current practices or products enforce unsustainable development, or it can present opportunities if the company can provide solutions to the sustainability challenges humanity is facing. Such sustainability-related threats and opportunities, i.e., risks, can be related to, for example, reputation, legislative change, litigation, the ability to attract and retain talented employees, or the ability to meet customer needs on increasingly sustainability-driven markets. While more and more companies recognize the importance of building capabilities for sustainable product development to remain competitive, the relation between social and environmental aspects and economic performance is still oftentimes viewed as a trade-off where some profit must be sacrificed to be sustainable.Based on an interactive qualitative research approach, this thesis shows how a risk management lens can be used to support decision-makers at product development companies in understanding the dynamic interplay between socio-ecological sustainability aspects and business implications. The conceptual understanding of sustainability risks was advanced by identifying their characteristics and by proposing a new definition, utilizing literature review and the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. In the next step of the research, today's situation and preconditions at some product development companies in Sweden were studied. Using multiple data collection methods, current risk management practices were investigated and hypotheses for sustainability integration were derived. Based on interviews with industrial and academic experts, the hypotheses were further developed into key aspects for sustainability risk management that can be used as recommendations for practitioners. Utilizing the newly developed definition and key aspects, a conceptual approach for strategic risk management within the sustainability transition was conceived. This approach was then adapted and operationalized as a workshop method for multifunctional teams in the context of product portfolio planning. Finally, the Sustainability Impact and Effects Analysis was developed and tested through an action research approach to provide decision-makers in early phases of the product innovation process with practical support for identifying, assessing, and managing sustainability risks. Uncertainty is neither good nor bad – it is just an inherent part of reality. This thesis showed how a risk management approach can be used to guide decision-making in uncertainty within the sustainability transition in a product development company context. Thereby, companies can take the strategic leadership that is required to benefit from the opportunities that can be found in this time of deep uncertainty.

In the 19th until the early 20th century, the messianic movement or also known as the Ratu Adil movement by Javanese people much occured on the island of Java. One of the messianic movements that occurred in East Java was the messianic movement of Pak Djebrak in Mojokerto, 1923. So far, studies on this movement have been limited. In some literatures, Pak Djebrak's messianic movement is only mentioned as one example of the messianic movement that has ever been in East Java without the chronology of events and the accompanying factors.The purpose of this research is to (1) explain the background of the Pak Djebrak's messianic movement in Mojokerto, 1923, (2) describe the dynamics of Pak Djebrak's messianic movement in Mojokerto, 1923, (3) analyze the impact of Pak Djebrak's messianic movement on political aspect in Mojokerto. The method used in this research is historical method. The historical method consist of four stages, heuristics (source collect), source criticque (source test), interpretation (analysis and synthesis the fact), and historiography (writing research result) in the form scientific articles.The result of this research. (1) The background of Pak Djebrak's messianisc movement was motivated by two factors. First, the gap factor in economic, social, and educational aspects triggers the emergence of a search for a restorative life solution. In this context, Pak Djebrak's claim emerged as Ratoe-Modjopait. Second, the socio-cultural factor of the Mojokerto communty which has a picture of the ideal life of the past life during the Majapahit Kingdom. In this context, the nostalgic aspect became the spirit of the Pak Djebrak movement. (2) Pak Djebrak's messianic movement started with an idea that Pak Djebrak Received through a dream to carry out the mandate as the incarnation The King of Majapahit. Pak Djebrak became known as Doekoen-Soembersoewoek who had a followers. The realationship that was built between Pak Djebrak and his followers indicated a patron-clien relationship. Pak Djebrak and his followers plan to the center of Mojokerto City to declare themselves as King of Majapahit. However, the plan failed because it was discovered by the spies of Patih Mojokerto. (3) The impact of the Pak Djebrak's messianic movement on political aspect. Politically, Pak Djebrak's messianic movement provided shock therapy to the government of gemeente Mojokerto. As a result, the government of gemeente Mojokerto is increasingly wary of association, especially those of religious, that have the potential to carry out movements. This vigilance is then manifested in the form of surveillance and repressive action.Keywords: Pak Djebrak, Mesianism Movement, Mojokerto.

Archaeological researches in Indonesia have discovered a number of various historical and archaeological artifacts that belong to cultural heritage. As historical evidences, this cultural heritage is an important source of the plural information and messages of the past life of our society. It is remarkable that this cultural heritage has some problems for example problem of typology, function, meanings, and the other for the society. Studying the problems, it is interesting to do research on its function as a teller of the past history that contained various aspects of the life of our society that not yet studied until today. By learning the problems, this research goal is to find the answer of the problems. To reach this goal, we do this research gradually by collecting data through literature study and field observation along with interviews. The next step is analysis carried out through methods of typology analysis, contextual, functional analysis, ethno archaeological and ethno historical approach. Finally the result showed that the function of our cultural heritage is as teller of the many-sided aspects of the past history of our artifacts such as technological aspects, social, and religious aspects but it is impossible to get full completed information due to some reasons. Keywords: archaeological and historical artifacts, cultural heritages, teller of the past. AbstrakPenyelidikan arkeologi di Indonesia sudah berhasil menemukan artefak sejarah dan arkeologi yang beraneka ragam, yang tergolong sebagai warisan budaya. Sebagai bukti-bukti sejarah, warisan budaya ini adalah sumber informasi dan pesan-pesan kehidupan masyarakat masa lalu yang bersifat pluralistik. Menarik perhatian, bahwa warisan budaya ini mempunyai permasalahan yaitu, permasalahan tipologi, fungsi dan makna dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Mempelajari masalah ini, sangat menarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai fungsinya sebagai penutur sejarah masa silam, yang mengandung aneka ragam, aspek kehidupan masyarakat, yang belum dikaji sampai sekarang. Dengan mencermati permasalahan ini, maka tujuan penelitian ini, adalah untuk meneliti permasalahan tadi. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, penulis melakukan penelitian secara bertahap melalui pengumpulan data dengan metode kajian pustaka dan observasi lapangan yang disertai dengan wawancara. Langkah selanjutnya, adalah melakukan analisis dengan analisis tipologi, kontekstual, analisis fungsional, pendekatan etnoarkeologi dan etnohistori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cagar budaya itu berfungsi sebagai penutur kehidupan masa silam yang mengandung aspek yang bersfiat jamak, adalah aspek teknologi, sosial dan religi, tetapi tidak mungkin untuk mendapat informasi yang lengkap karena berbagai faktor.Kata kunci: peninggalan sejarah dan purbakala, warisan budaya, penutur masa silam.

This article is dedicated to the transforming influence of television on consciousness of modern man. Forall this we paid a particular attention to those aspects of its moderative effect which had not been enough studiedand reflected in a wide spectrum of materials.First of all, the reasons of TV popularity as the most perfect and reflective means to date of socio-cultural lifeof the society such as an inclusion of all the sections of the population, address to the emotional human sphereand use of universal cinema language have been considered.The telemoderation of human consciousness in the sphere of formation of his/her basic cultural and socialknowledge is of special significance for us. With this purpose we studied in the article a positive moderating roleas well as a negative one of such forms of the contact with the audience as serials, talk shows or aestheticizingTV programmes.At the same time, the main accent was given to the hidden forms of TV influence. The major conclusion basedon the research of competent authors such as mediaphilosopher H. McLuhan and psychiatrist J. O'Keeffe is in thatTV images organize a multiscaled reformation of thinking processes in human brain. The activization of his/hercreative right cerebral hemisphere and percepting perfection become the result of this productive moderation.The telemoderation of emotional human sphere is not of lesser importance. The analysis of researchoutcomes made by the German mediapsychologist Winterhoff-Spurk confirms the positive significance of TVcontent, especially one of horror genre, for increasing a general level of interior motivation. However, the resultsof experiments of quite a number of other researchers proclaim a negative moderation aspect by the telecastsbeing permeated with sense of alarm and fear because the negative feelings accumulate in the subconsciousnessthat raises a level of social and personal anxiety. The research outcomes on latent TV influence upon human physiology and at the same time upon his/herpersonal activity proved to be the most important. The conclusions of multiple experiments collected by theresearcher R. Patzlaff state that a TV review disconnects the proper activity of eyes, provokes its immobilitythat also decreases the interior activity. This aspect has a particular importance in the development of a child'sintellect and his/her verbal organs because the TV role in his/her life grew immeasurably. So the unlimitedcontact of the child with the screen results in the problem of development of his/her speech because any dialogueis not supposed to be here.The conclusion motivates the necessity of thorough study of negative aspects of telemoderation with thepurpose of minimizing its nonproductive effect.

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the expressions and flows of tacit knowledge in the unstructured decision process. In this type of process, decision-makers use not only the explicit knowledge but also aspects such as intuition, experience and other forms of tacit knowledge. The research developed a qualitative approach, through a study of multiple cases, and applied semi-structured interviews to ten executives. The analysis of data was carried out according to Flores (1994) interpretative analysis of text technique. Results indicated that there was the insertion of tacit knowledge in all unstructured decision-making routines. It was also detected the need to explicitly add the routine of evaluation to the Mintzberg et al.'s (1976) model as elements of tacit knowledge were also identified at this stage of the decision-making process.


Design/methodology/approach
The research has taken a qualitative approach, through a study of multiple cases, applying semi-structured interviews to ten executives. The analysis of data was carried out according to technique for interpretative analysis of the text.


Findings
Results indicated that there was tacit knowledge in all unstructured decision-making routines. Also detected was the need to explicitly add the routine of evaluation to the model.


Research limitations/implications
It was unable to perform psychological studies to investigate the deepest cognitive and emotional aspects of managers, and it does not address, in depth, some issues that are related to tacit knowledge in decisions and that would be considered relevant.


Practical implications
Although this research was unable to dissect the composition of tacit knowledge in unstructured decision process, a better understanding of the aspects that make up the knowledge in question has been developed, providing some decision-making guidelines to managers.


Social implications
The language between communications actors can share decision-making rules to assist in the production and process of arguments necessary for the debate, evaluation and attribution of institutionally recurrent decisions.


Originality/value
The original contribution is present in a detailed description of the expressions of flows of tacit knowledge in unstructured decision-making processes, based on the model of Mintzberg et al. (1976). From the influence of tacit knowledge, it was found that the model in question needs to consider the relevance of the evaluation phase, as a stage equivalent to the other described by Mintzberg et al. (1976). These aspects have been better explained in the introduction and conclusion. Participant observation was not possible because the decision had already been taken by the informant at the moment of the interviews.

ABSTRACTOne of the main problems in the development of small-scale capture fisheries is their characteristics that vary in each region. Lack of information about the characteristics of small-scale capture fisheries in each region can make intervention by the Government in development programs ineffective. The purpose of this study is to describe the local characteristics of small-scale fisheries in Kayong Utara Regency based on six aspects of fisheries development, namely: natural, human, physical, financial, social and institutional aspects then grouping fishing villages in Kayong Utara Regency according to their characteristics. The method used to group fishing villages was using multi criteria analysis (MCA). The MCA is performed by simple linear evaluation and hierarchical clustering anaylisis. The results showed that the the most important characteristic were human aspect and the lowest was institutional aspect. The fishing villages in North Kayong Regency are grouped into 4 clusters according to their respective character similarities. Cluster 1 consisted 2 fishing villages, namely Dusun Besar and Sutra. In Cluster 2, there were 4 fishing villages, namely Dusun Kecil, Rantau Panjang, Pulau Kumbang, and Mas Bangun. Then cluster 3 there were 4 fishing villages namely Tanjung Satai, Pemangkat, TBS, and TBU. Whereas cluster 4 there were 2 fishing villages namely Riam Berasap and Alur Bandung. Keywords: development, fishing village, intervention, livelihoodABSTRAKSalah satu permasalahan utama dalam pembangunan perikanan tangkap skala kecil adalah karakteristiknya yang berbeda-beda di setiap daerah. Keragaman karakteristik perikanan skala kecil ini dapat membuat intervensi yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam program pembangunan menjadi tidak efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan karakteristik perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Kabupaten Kayong Utara berdasarkan enam aspek pembangunan perikanan, yaitu: aspek alam, manusia, fisik, keuangan, sosial dan kelembagaan kemudian mengelompokan tipologi desa-desa nelayan di Kabupaten Kayong Utara sesuai dengan kemiripan karakteristiknya. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengelompokkan desa-desa nelayan menggunakan analisis multi kriteria (MCA). MCA dilakukan dengan simple linear evaluation dan hierarchical clustering anaylisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik yang paling unggul adalah aspek manusia dan yang paling lemah adalah aspek kelembagaan. Desa-desa nelayan di Kabupaten Kayong Utara dikelompokkan menjadi 4 klaster sesuai dengan kemiripan karakteristiknya. Klaster 1 terdiri dari 2 desa nelayan, yaitu Dusun Besar dan Sutra. Pada klaster 2 terdapat 4 desa nelayan, yaitu Dusun Kecil, Rantau Panjang, Pulau Kumbang, dan Mas Bangun. Kemudian klaster 3 terdapat 4 desa nelayan yaitu Tanjung Satai, Pemangkat, TBS, dan TBU. Klaster 4 terdapat 2 desa nelayan yaitu Riam Berasap dan Alur Bandung.Kata kunci: desa nelayan, intervensi, mata pencaharian, pembangunan

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema eGovernment, dessen Entwicklung und Rahmenbedingungen, sowie mit den Einsatzgebieten. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche wesentlichen Aspekte bzw. Rahmenbedingungen für eGovernment notwendig, sowie was die Einsatzgebiete von eGovernment, sind. Der besondere Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt auf der kritischen Würdigung von eGovernment am Beispiel der Bürgerkarte in Österreich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu erklären, was die wesentlichen Aspekte für die Nutzung von eGovernment sind, welche Funktionen und Einsatzgebiete die Bürgerkarte umfasst und welche Nutzenpotentiale bzw. Problemstellungen die Bürgerkarte bzw. deren Verwendung mit sich bringt. Aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen, werden Handlungsempfehlungen für eine stärkere Verbreitung der Bürgerkarte gegeben. Die Fragestellungen werden auf der Grundlage der Auswertung von Fachliteratur und der Recherche zum Thema Bürgerkarte in Österreich diskutiert. Erhebungen der Statistik Austria zum Thema Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie, im Speziellen zum Thema eGovernment bzw. Bürgerkarte, stellen eine ergänzende Informationsquelle dar.Die Auswertung bzw. Recherche zeigt, dass einen wesentlichen Aspekt für die Nutzung von eGovernment die Rahmenbedingungen, vor allem in politischer, organisatorischer, finanzieller, technischer und rechtlicher Hinsicht, darstellen. Die Einsatzgebiete von eGovernment Anwendungen, durch die Verwendungen der Bürgerkarte, reichen von Sozialversicherungsservices, über Dienstleistungen der Finanzbehörden bis hin zur elektronischen Zustellung von behördlichen Schriftstücken. Die Nutzenpotentiale der Bürgerkarte werden derzeit noch nicht ausgeschöpft, da ein Großteil der BürgerInnen die Einsatzgebiete von eGovernment, im Speziellen jene der Bürgerkarte, nicht kennen und ist der größte Nachteil in der geringen Verbreitung der Bürgerkarte in Österreich zu sehen. ; The present paper deals with the topic eGovernment, its development, determining factors and operational area. It explores the questions what are the essential aspects and necessary framework for eGovernment, and what are the operational areas of eGgovernment. The particular focus of this work is on the critical examination of eGovernment, using the example of the Citizencard in Austria. The aim of this paper is to explain what are the main aspects for the use of eGovernment, which features and areas of operation of the citizen's card and what potential benefits and problems brings the Citizencard or its use with it. Based on the findings, recommendations for a wider dissemination of the Citizencard will be given. The issues are discussed on the basis of the analysis of literature and research on the subject of the Citizencard in Austria. Surveys of Statistics Austria on information and communication technology, in particular on eGovernment and Citizencard, represent an additional source of information.The evaluation and research shows that a key aspect for the use of eGovernment is the framework, especially the political, organizational, financial, technical and legal aspects. The operational areas of eGovernment applications, the uses of the Citizencard, range from social services, services on tax authorities to electronic delivery of official documents. The potential benefit of the Citizencard are currently not exhausted, since a large part of the citizens do not know about the application areas of eGovernment, in particular those of the Citizencard. The biggest drawback can be seen in the limited distribution of the Citizencard in Austria. ; Esther Scheucher ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2013 ; (VLID)226660

Transnationalism has been recognized as an important aspect of international relations for several decades. It has recently also become an important factor in the analysis of conflict, helping to provide explanations for and definitions of conflict that link local incidents of violence to broader social, political and economic developments in the world order. Important transnational aspects of collective armed violence are population displacement and the role of diasporas; state-based transnational conflict networks; and international terrorism and crime. Three conflict areas that claimed international attention in 2006 and most starkly demonstrate transnational dimensions of modern conflict are Afghanistan, the Middle East and Somalia. In Afghanistan the main transnational element of the conflict was the Taliban's ability to operate from bases in neighbouring Pakistan -- an allegation that has been contested by the Pakistani Government but is otherwise generally accepted as fact. The conflict involving Israel, the Palestinian territories and Lebanon illustrated the greater role of regional and transnational conflict networks and the link between state and non-state actors, as both Hamas in the Palestinian territories and Hezbollah in Lebanon received political, ideological and practical support from states such as Iran and Syria. Recognition was given to the interlinked nature of the conflicts in the Middle East by British Prime Minister Tony Blair in his call for a 'Whole Middle East Strategy' to resolve the problems of the region. In Somalia violent battles and humanitarian crises caused scores of civilian casualties and led to widespread population displacement. The inability of the Transitional Federal Government to extend its control throughout the country enabled the Union of Islamic Courts to broaden its influence, at first challenged only by US -- supported Mogadishu warlords. Devoid of any state authority to impose internal order and to counter destructive external influences, Somalia provided a base where transnational criminal and terrorist interests could intersect. The international Somali diaspora continues to affect the conflict in various ways, and large Somali refugee populations outside the country may also be a destabilizing factor. A growing awareness of the transnational character of security issues in 2006, the urgent need to counter the negative aspects of this phenomenon and the potential for making positive use of transnational actors and influences to promote conflict resolution and peacebuilding all suggest that, in the future, finding ways to address transnational aspects of conflict will be high on the international policy agenda. Adapted from the source document.

Lembaga ibadah haji merupakan lembaga yang berkategori sosial kemasyarakatan yang dinaungi oleh pemerintahan pusat, khususnya kementrian Agama. Sebelum menjalankan ibadah haji, lembaga haji wajib menjalankan yang namanya kegiatan manasik haji dengan melibatkan seluruh aspek keseluruhan, seperti adanya peserta, instruktur, materi, media, dan biaya. Banyaknya unsur yang dikategorikan dalam perjalanan ibadah haji, lembaga diwajibkan untuk mengunakan manajemen dalam mengemas seluruh aspek kegiatan perjalanan ibadah haji tersebut. Dalam tulisan ini, peneliti menjabarkan mengenai bagaimana lembaga haji dalam menggunakan manajemen dakwah transformatif. Seiring dengan perkembangan dan perebuhan setiap peraturan kelompok bimbingan ibadah haji, lembaga diwajibkan menerapkan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan, pengawasan dan analisis untuk megembangkan dakwah. Hasil penelitian nantinya akan bisa menjadikan, bahwa dakwah melalui kelempok bimbingan ibadah haji bisa dilaksanakan secara efektif dan efisien. Dalam lembaga haji, diharuskan mempunyai metode yang berbeda dengan lembaga lain dalam menjalankan kegiatan dakwahnya untuk mewujudkan perubahan sosial yang signifikan. Tidak lain bertujuan agar lembaga tersebut mempunyai jati diri sendiri dalam menegakkan dan mensiarkan agama Islam di tengah-tengah kehidupan sosial, dan budaya masyarakat. The Hajj institution is an institution in the social category that is covered by the central government, especially the Ministry of Religion. Before carrying out the hajj pilgrimage, the hajj institution is obliged to carry out what is called the Hajj ritual activity involving all aspects of the whole, such as the presence of participants, instructors, materials, media, and costs. The number of elements categorized in the pilgrimage journey, the institution is obliged to use management in packaging all aspects of the pilgrimage journey activities. In this paper, the researcher describes how the hajj institution uses transformative da'wah management. Along with the development and perebuhan of any rules of the Hajj guidance group, the institution is required to implement planning, organizing, mobilizing, monitoring and analyzing to develop da'wah. The results of the research will later be able to make, that da'wah through the Hajj guidance group can be carried out effectively and efficiently. In the Hajj institution, it is required to have a different method from other institutions in carrying out its da'wah activities to bring about significant social change. None other than the aim of these institutions to have their own identity in upholding and broadcasting Islam in the midst of social life and community culture.

Introduction. The paper offers an analysis of historical studies on family and motherhood in post-war decades published in the 21st century, gives an account of the achievements of modern historiography on the subject, outlines the tasks for further studies. These topics have become compelling because of the declining value of motherhood and a prolonged demographic crisis in Russia.

Methods. The historiographic analysis in this article is based on the thematic-chronological method supplemented with the systemic, typological and comparative-historical techniques permitting the literature available on the subject to be systematized and analyzed. The article primarily focuses on publications by Russian historians.

Analysis. The main specific areas of research on family and motherhood are characterized. It is remarked that the pool of sources available has increased, and new research approaches and practices have been introduced. Contemporary authors have focused their attention on the analysis of the ideological background and principles of the Soviet gender policy, on the machinery of constructing the myth about equality of Soviet women. New aspects have been addressed, such as family private life, domestics role in its functioning, family conflict resolution practices, change in womans biological status over time, socio-ethical meaning of government awards for women, womans image reconstruction in post-war Soviet press. Researchers characterized the various stages in the Soviet family policy, marriage and family relationships in urban and rural communities. Studies on the legislative regulation of the family policy, social support to motherhood and childhood in postwar decades continued. The significance of the measures taken in this period to establish a system of medical aid and social guarantees and benefits for mothers was emphasized. The authors, however, remarked the persistent double work load on women, inequalities in payment rates and career.

Results. The substantial progress has been achieved in the coverage of the issue of family and motherhood in two post-war decades. The tendency for multidisciplinary research has been growing; new aspects of the problem have been investigated. At the same time, the issue of the organization of the family welfare system, womens value systems, their attitudes towards the social policy and methods of adaptation to the living conditions should be addressed in more detail.