Suchergebnisse

After 1989, the function of transitional governance changed. It became a process whereby transitional authorities introduce a constitutional transformation on the basis of interim laws. In spite of its domestic nature, it also became an international project and one with formidable ambitions: ending war, conflict or crisis by reconfiguring the state order. This model attracted international attention, from the UN Security Council and several regional organisations, and became a playing field of choice in international politics and diplomacy. Also without recourse to armed force, international actors could impact a state apparatus - through state renaissance. This book zooms in on the non-forcible aspects of conflict-related transitional governance while focusing on the transition itself. This study shows that neither transitional actors nor external actors must respect specific rules when realising or contributing to state renaissance. The legal limits to indirectly provoking regime change are also being unveiled.

The Fall and Rise of Nonstate Violence -- Coherence and Contestation : Explaining International Normative Change -- Partisans, Liberators, and Militias : Normative Change and the Legitimization of Nonstate Violence -- One Man's Freedom Fighter? Normative Change and the Geopolitical Construction of Terrorism -- From Soldiers of Fortune to Fortune 500 : Normative Contestation and the Return of Entrepreneurial Violence -- What's at Stake? The Implications of Nonstate Actor Violence.

Das schweizerische Arbeitsrecht wird zunehmend durch in internationalen Menschenrechtsverträgen verankerte Arbeitsrechte und durch das EU-Arbeitsrecht beeinflusst. Das vorliegende Werk ist das Ergebnis einer vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds finanzierten Studie, die von ausgewiesenen Expertinnen und Experten durchgeführt wurde. Im Buch werden die gegenseitigen Bezüge zwischen nationalem, internationalem und europäischem Arbeitsrecht aufgezeigt. Systematisch und umfassend wird herausgearbeitet, wie das EU-Arbeitsrecht und das Arbeitsvölkerrecht auf das nationale Arbeitsrecht einwirken. Es wird deutlich, dass sowohl im EU-Arbeitsrecht als auch im schweizerischen Arbeitsrecht ein Spannungsfeld zwischen Markt- und Vertragsfreiheit und Regelungen zum Schutz des Arbeitnehmers besteht. Das Arbeitsvölkerrecht bildet dabei für beide Rechtsordnungen einen verbindlichen Rahmen und eine Orientierung. Die internationale Judikatur (besonders des EuGH und des EGMR) wird intensiv verarbeitet und zitiert. Die Publikation enthält so einen reichen Fundus an Lösungsmöglichkeiten in der arbeitsrechtlichen Praxis. Das Buch richtet sich an die nationale und internationale Arbeitsrechtswissenschaft und an die Arbeitsrechtspraxis, die Verwaltung und die Politik.

Der har været en omfattende international forskning, som viser, at boligmarkedet fungerer meget anderledes end andre markeder i økonomien. I denne artikel gennemgås resultater fra denne forskning. Den viser, at boligmarkedet af flere årsager har svært ved at tilvejebringe en tilfredsstillende boligforsyning for alle i samfundet, især for husstande med lavere indkomst. Udbuddet af boliger kommer primært fra den eksisterende boligmasse og reagerer ikke tilstrækkeligt hurtigt på konjunkturbestemte ændringer i efterspørgslen, fordi det afhænger af husstandenes mobilitet. Dette skaber uligevægt i dele af markedet gennem længere perioder. Nybyggeriet udgør kun en lille del af udbuddet, og i mange lande har man observeret, at omfanget er for lavt. En af årsagerne er, at priserne på byggegrunde bestemmes af prisudviklingen på boliger, hvilket betyder, at uligevægt og prisstigninger på boligmarkedet sætter sig i grundpriserne og fordyrer nybyggeriet, uden at boligbyggeriet nødvendigvis øges tilstrækkeligt.

The presented material is an attempt at analyzing the specific legal position of peace treaties. The author argues with the opinion which is put forward (not too often, though), maintaining that such treaties – due to their not expressing the will of states in a classical way – cannot be considered to be agreements as such. He presents the basic similarities and – first of all – differences, especially concerning the so-called final provisions, with reference to both typical international agreements and peace treaties, respectively. In the study, he formulates the thesis of a special role, significance and evolution of peace treaties, despite frequent disrespect for the resolutions they contain. Instances of peace treaties which were concluded in the past are recalled and analyzed, and juxtaposed with ones made in the 20th century, particularly those following the First and the Second World Wars.

De la carte papier aux Systèmes d'Informations Géographiques (SIG), l'usage de la carte a énormément évolué au cours de ces dernières années. Il s'est également largement démocratisé, à telle enseigne qu'il n'est pas rare de voir des particuliers autant que des organisations publiques ou privées recourir à des applications informatiques comportant une dimension géographique. Ces applications permettent généralement de répondre à différentes problématiques par l'analyse de phénomènes spatialement localisés et par la restitution de cartes thématiques. Jean-Philippe Morisseau, géomaticien et gérant du cabinet Geo4i, nous éclaire dans cet article sur les possibilités qu'offre le domaine de la géomatique, et présente différents types d'outils permettant de valoriser l'information géographique au profit de la gestion de la sûreté internationale. L'auteur illustre ses propos à travers l'utilisation de la cartographie par la direction de la sécurité du groupe Orange.

The research reported here develops an explanation for the often-noted absence of international war between democratic states. This explanation is derived from a theoretical rationale centered on universal democratic norms for reconciling competing values and interests. I argue that democratic states locked in disputes are better equipped than others with the means for diffusing conflict situations at an early stage before they have an opportunity to escalate to military violence. Not only is this explanatory logic consistent with the published findings on democracy and war, but it also entails the novel empirical proposition that disputes between democracies are more amenable than are other disputes to peaceful settlements, the hypothesis I examine here. Analyses of contemporary interstate disputes reveal that even when potentially confounding factors are controlled, democratic opponents are significantly more likely to reach peaceful settlements than other types of disputants.

International organization — Officials — International administrative tribunals — Joinder of actions — Membership — Nemo judex in re sua — Disciplinary sanctions — Disclosure of pleadings to third parties.

This paper examines the relationship between international migration and source country fertility. The impact of international migration on source country fertility may have a number of causes, including a transfer of destination countries' fertility norms and an incentive to acquire more education. We provide a rigorous test of the diffusion of fertility norms using original and detailed data on migration. Our results provide evidence of a strong transfer of fertility norms from migrants to their country of origin.

Most of the mines that currently threaten populations were manufactured more than 50 years ago and many have been in the ground for 30 years or more. Despite the inevitable and obvious deterioration, there has been very little research into the effects of aging on landmines. In 2008, James Madison University (JMU), the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery (CISR), and C King Associates Ltd (CKA) began a study designed to understand the aging process and the range of implications for the various components of mine action. The two-and-a-half year study was funded by grants from the US Department of State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs/Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement.