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This book takes a sober, evidenced-based look at the contemporary phenomenon of Islamophobia in both 'old-world' Europe, and the 'new-world' of America and Australia, and Southeast Asia. It includes theoretical and conceptual discussions about what Islamophobia is, how it manifests, and how it can be addressed, together with historical analysis, applied research and case-study chapters, considering the reality that manifests as a fear of Muslims. Anxiety about the world's second largest religion manifests as prejudice, discrimination and vilification and, in extreme cases, violence and murder. The real and perceived problems of the relationship between Islam and the West contribute to the phenomenon of Islamophobia. This is a unique, multi-disciplinary work, with authors approaching the topic from a number of academic disciplines and from different religious and national backgrounds, providing for a greater appreciation of the complexity and diversity of Islamophobia. This multicultural and multi-religious approach undergirds the valuable insights the volume provides. This book will be of interest to all concerned with the phenomenon of Islamophobia, and especially researchers and students in the social sciences, as well as scholars with a specific interest in Muslims living as minorities in the West. Also, those working in political science, international relations, sociology, religious studies and other fields will all find it of value

Collective psychology, anti-southern prejudice and constitutional reform in 1930s France : the Stavisky affair and the riots of 6 February 1934 / Kevin Passmore -- Avec une brutalité toute particulière : fascist sympathies, racial violence, and the municipal : police and gendarmerie in Oran, 1936-37 / Samuel Kalman -- The veterans and the extreme right : the Union nationale des combattants, 1927-1936 / Chris Millington -- Pacifism, the fascist temptation and the ligue des droits de l'homme / Norman Ingram -- Right-wing feminism and conservative women's militancy in interwar France / Magali Della Sudda -- Gender, the family, and the fascist temptation : visions of masculinity in the natalist-familialist movement, 1922-1940 / Cheryl A. Koos -- Was there a fascist femininity? : gender and French fascism in political context / Geoff Read -- An overview of women and gender in French fascism / Daniella Sarnoff -- "Our body doesn't have to be ugly" : physical culture, gender, and racial rejuvenation in the Croix de feu/Parti social français / Caroline Campbell -- Defending christian civilization : the evolving message of the Parti social français, 1936-1939 / Sean Kennedy -- Were French elites allergic to fascism? : a study of the reception of the 1930s dictatorships in three French periodicals / Laurent Kestel -- Salvation, satire, and solidarity : right-wing culture in interwar France / Jessica Wardhaugh -- Beyond left and right, and the politics of the Third Republic : a conversation / William D. Irvine

Language and identity have an undeniable link, but what happens when a second language is imposed on a populace? Can a link be broken or transformed? Are the attitudes towards the imposed language influential? Can these attitudes change over time? The mixed-methods results provided by this book are ground-breaking because they document how historical and traditional attitudes are changing towards both American English (AE) and Puerto Rican Spanish (PRS) on an island where the population has been subjected to both Spanish and US colonization. There are presently almost four million people living in Puerto Rico, while the Puerto Rican diaspora has surpassed it with more than this living in the United States alone. Because of this, many members of the diaspora no longer speak PRS, yet consider themselves to be Puerto Rican. Traditional stances against people who do not live on the island or speak the predominant language (PRS) yet wish to identify themselves as Puerto Rican have historically led to prejudice and strained relationships between people of Puerto Rican ancestry. The sample study provided here shows that there is not only a change in attitude towards the traditional link between PRS and Puerto Rican identity (leading to the inclusion of diasporic Puerto Ricans), but also a wider acceptance of the English language itself on this Caribbean island

In Rio de Janeiro's favelas, traffickers assert power through conspicuous displays of wealth and force, brandishing high-powered guns, gold jewelry, and piles of cash and narcotics. Police, for their part, conduct raids reminiscent of action films or video games, wearing masks and riding in enormous armored cars called "big skulls." Images of these spectacles circulate constantly in local, national, and global media, masking everyday forms of violence, prejudice, and inequality. The Spectacular Favela offers a rich ethnographic examination of the political economy of spectacular violence in Rocinha, Rio's largest favela. Based on more than two years of residence in the community, the book explores how entangled forms of violence shape everyday life and how that violence is, in turn, connected to the market economy. Erika Robb Larkins shows how favela violence is produced as a marketable global brand. While this violence is projected in disembodied form through media, the favela is also sold as an embodied experience through the popular practice of favela tourism. The commodification of the favela becomes a form of violence itself; favela violence is transformed into a commercially viable byproduct of a profit-driven war on drugs, which serves to keep the poor marginalized. This book tells the story of how traffickers, police, cameras, tourists, and even anthropologists come together to create what the author calls the "spectacular favela."

Annotation, Women perform 66% of the world's work, produce 50% of the food, but earn 10% of the income and own 1% of the property. To shed light on why this grim statistic still holds true, Women, Business and the Law aims to examine legal differentiations on the basis of gender in 143 of the world's economies. Women, Business and the Law tracks governments' actions to expand economic opportunities for women across six key areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit and going to court. The report uncovers legal differentiations for women and married versus unmarried women such as being able to register a business, open a bank account and work at night. These issues are of fundamental importance. When, because of tradition, social taboos or simple prejudice, half of the world's population is prevented from making its contribution to the life of a nation, the economy will suffer. The empirical evidence does suggest that, slowly but surely, governments are making progress in expanding opportunities for women. It is our hope that data presented in Women, Business and the Law will both facilitate research on linkages between legal differentiation and outcomes for women, and promote better informed policy choices on what governments can do to expand opportunities for women

This book invites readers into miroslav pavle manovski's journey into quest of how he found his voice—literally and figuratively—by reflecting and storying from his fluid identity and roles as an artist, singer, learner, music teacher, researcher… while empowering others to find their own voice. The book is also an arts-based autoethnographic rendering of the author's experience being tormented, harassed, and called "gay" as a means to negatively target and marginalize him. Further, this work contributes to the literature of those mercilessly harassed for perceived effeminate characteristics and to the canon of ways we may be able to rescue ourselves—to positively transform—from prior wreckage a part of our lives. br/> The book makes significant contributions to the literature on qualitative inquiry, arts-based research, autoethnography, music education, and vocal pedagogy as a means of re-presenting a rich tapestry of life experience. While this text can be read entirely for pleasure or personal growth, it will make an outstanding springboard for conversation in courses across the disciplines that deal with teacher education, music education, gender and sexual identity/orientation, intimacy, relationships and relational communication, prejudice, bullying and more. This award-wining book will additionally be of great value in courses on autoethnography, life writing, narrative inquiry, arts-based research, and music education

"Sexual desire, and the possible dangers associated with its more extreme manifestations, provokes strong, albeit often contradictory reactions. Such reactions are a well-known stimulant of creative, juridical and scholarly activity, and the texts of law, literature and academic criticism respond to it in ways that are suggestive both of revulsion and fascination. But how are we to understand such responses, and what can they tell us about the relationship between law and its 'others'? Exploring these questions in the context of HIV transmission, on-street sexual exploitation and erotic asphyxiation, this book seeks to understand the motivations behind legal, literary and cultural constructions of sexual offences, their perpetrators and victims. It analyses these constructions in a diverse range of sources: appeal judgments in England & Wales and North America, criminal trials and their reporting, visual and linguistic cultures and both modern and 'classic' literature. The perspective taken here is informed by a psychoanalytic understanding of the uses of metaphor in these texts that may indicate a displacement of troubling unconscious influences, assumptions and prejudices. Sexual behaviours considered to be 'beyond the pale', that we publicly and consciously condemn, may also serve as uncanny reminders of long-forgotten and repressed desires and memories that suggest secret affinities between offenders and the society that judges them"--

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Productive Pasts and New Directions -- 1 James Douglas, Amelia Connolly, and the Writing of Gender and Women's History -- 2 Using Diaries to Explore the Shared Worlds of Family and Community in Nineteenth-Century New Brunswick -- 3 "A Little Offensive and Defensive Alliance": Friendship, Professional Networks, and International Child Welfare Policy -- 4 "The Necessity of Going": Julia Grace Wales's Transnational Life as a Peace Activist and a Scholar -- 5 Feminist Ideals and Everyday Life: Professional Women's Feminism at Victoria College, University of Toronto, 1900-40 -- 6 Singleness and Choice: The Impact of Age, Time, and Class on Three Female Youth Diarists in 1930s Canada -- 7 Sexual Spectacles: Saleswomen in Canadian Department Store Magazines between 1920 and 1950 -- 8 Gender and the Career Paths of Professors in the École de service social at Laval University, 1943-72 -- 9 Teaching June Cleaver, Being Hazel Chong: An Oral History of Gender, Race, and National "Character" -- 10 The Ontario Women's History Network: Linking Teachers, Scholars, and History Communities -- 11 Fighting the "Corset of Victorian Prejudice": Women's Activism in Canadian Engineering during the Pioneering Decades (1970s-80s) -- 12 Ad Hoc Activism: Feminist Citizens Respond to the Meech Lake Accord in New Brunswick -- 13 To Help and to Serve: Women's Career Paths in the Domestic Services Sector in Quebec City, 1960-2009 -- Contributors -- Index.

La resignificación del Nuevo Mundo -- Título -- Derechos de autor -- Índice -- Introducción -- I. CRÓNICA, RETÓRICA Y VIAJE -- Perceptions and prejudices of a traveler in New Spain: Matthäus Steffel's observations on Tarahumara culture -- "Que cotexase uno con otro": Archival and Ritual uses of Amatl in the "Crónicas X" Histories -- Martín Fernández de Enciso y las noticias geográficas del Nuevo Mundo -- Razones y procedimientos para la confiscación de la Historia general de las Indias con la conquista de México de Francisco López Gómara. Aspiraciones y desventuras de un cronista de hechos particulares -- II. SEMÁNTICA CULTURAL E IDEOLOGÍA -- Semántica cultural, indianización e hispanización en el Nuevo Mundo -- La comida de los dioses: préstamo léxico amerindio en un documento neolatino del Perú colonial -- Afro-Hispanic Villancico in Spain and Spanish America: Linguistic and Sociocultural Aspects -- El diablo llega a Nueva España. Variantes del discurso tradicional contra las supersticiones y la idolatría en la dramaturgia y la historia del siglo XVI -- III. ARTE Y FIESTA -- Imágenes bélicas y formas visuales en el arte indígena cristiano del siglo XVI -- Festividad barroca e hibridez textual en la provincia de Costarrica -- Los villancicos de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe que se cantaron en la catedral de México de 1694 a 1728 -- Sobre los autores.

"This in-depth narrative history of the interactions between English settlers and American Indians during the Virginia colony's first century explains why a harmonious coexistence proved impossible. While the romanticized story of the Jamestown colony has been retold many times, the events following the marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe are less well known. The peace and goodwill did not last; within one hundred years of the English settlers' arrival in Virginia, the Indian population had been reduced by more than 90 percent through warfare, disease, and indiscriminate extermination. Britain's first successful settlements in America occurred more than four hundred years ago. Not surprisingly, the historical accounts of these events have often contained inaccuracies. This compelling study of colonial Virginia, based on the latest research, sheds new light on the tensions between the English and the American Indians and clarifies the facts about several storied relationships. In Lethal Encounters, Alfred A. Cave examines why the Anglo settlers were unable to establish a peaceful and productive relationship with the region's native inhabitants and explains how the deep prejudices harbored by both whites and Indians, the incompatibility of their economic and social systems, and the leadership failures of protagonists such as John Smith, Powhatan, Opechancanough, and William Berkeley contributed to this breakdown. "--

Cover -- HalfTitle -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Contributors -- Editors' Introduction -- The seminar -- Context -- The politics of the seminar -- The essays -- The translation -- PART ONE ON THE ESSENCE AND CONCEPT OF NATURE, HISTORY, AND STATE SEMINAR, WINTER SEMESTER 1933–4 -- [53] SESSION 1 November 3, 1933 -- SESSION 2 November 17, 1933 -- SESSION 3 -- SESSION 4 January 13, 1934 -- SESSION 5 January 12, 1934 -- The state -- SESSION 6 January 19, 1934 -- SESSION 7 February 2, 1934 -- SESSION 8 February 16, 1934 -- SESSION 9 February 23, 1934 -- SESSION 10 Report on the last session of the seminar of Winter Semester 1933–34, on February 23, 1934 -- PART TWO INTERPRETIVE ESSAYS -- 1 VOLK AND FÜHRER -- 2 HEIDEGGER IN PURGATORY -- Historical background -- The ideological saturation of the winter 1933–4 seminar -- Politics -- Prejudice -- Method -- A political susceptibility? -- Conclusion -- 3 WHO BELONGS? HEIDEGGER'S PHILOSOPHY OF THE VOLK IN 1933–4 -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- 4 THE SEMINAR OF WINTER SEMESTER 1933–4 WITHIN HEIDEGGER'S THREE CONCEPTS OF THE POLITICAL -- Heidegger's three concepts of the polis and the political1 -- The Platonic-Teutonic educational state -- Political education -- The disenchantment -- The archaic concept of the polis and the political -- On the rhetorical-phenomenological concept of the political and its language -- 5 HEIDEGGER IN THE FOURSOME OF STRUGGLE, HISTORICITY, WILL, AND GELASSENHEIT -- Notes -- Index

The paradoxes of rural-urban inequality in contemporary China / Martin King Whyte -- Small-town China : a historical perspective on rural-urban relations / Hanchao Lu -- Rural migrant workers and China's differential citizenship : a comparative institutional analysis / Wu Jieh-min -- How large is China's urban-rural income gap? / Terry Sicular ... [et al.] -- Reestimating the income gap between urban and rural households in China / Li Shi and Luo Chuliang -- Rural-urban disparities in access to primary and secondary education under market reforms / Emily Hannum, Meiyan Wang, and Jennifer Adams -- Disparities in health care and health status : the rural-urban gap and beyond / Winnie Yip -- The narrowing digital divide : a view from rural China / Rachel Murphy -- The impact of variations in urban registration within cities / Li Limei and Li Si-ming -- Boundaries of inequality : perceptions of distributive justice among urbanites, migrants, and peasants / Wang Feng -- Rural prejudice and gender discrimination in China's urban job market / Lei Guang and Fanmin Kong -- Gender and citizenship inequality: the story of two migrant women / Arianne Gaetano -- Ethnicity, rurality, and status : Hukou and the institutional and cultural determinants of social status in Tibet / Xiaojiang Hu and Miguel A. Salazar -- Bringing the city back in : the Chinese debate on rural problems / Lei Guang -- Renovating the great floodgate : the reform of China's Hukou system / Fei-ling Wang

The paradoxes of rural-urban inequality in contemporary China / Martin King Whyte -- Small-town China : a historical perspective on rural-urban relations / Hanchao Lu -- Rural migrant workers and China's differential citizenship : a comparative institutional analysis / Wu Jieh-min -- How large is China's urban-rural income gap? / Terry Sicular [and others] -- Reestimating the income gap between urban and rural households in China / Li Shi and Luo Chuliang -- Rural-urban disparities in access to primary and secondary education under market reforms / Emily Hannum, Meiyan Wang, and Jennifer Adams -- Disparities in health care and health status : the rural-urban gap and beyond / Winnie Yip -- The narrowing digital divide : a view from rural China / Rachel Murphy -- The impact of variations in urban registration within cities / Li Limei and Li Si-ming -- Boundaries of inequality : perceptions of distributive justice among urbanites, migrants, and peasants / Wang Feng -- Rural prejudice and gender discrimination in China's urban job market / Lei Guang and Fanmin Kong -- Gender and citizenship inequality: the story of two migrant women / Arianne Gaetano -- Ethnicity, rurality, and status : Hukou and the institutional and cultural determinants of social status in Tibet / Xiaojiang Hu and Miguel A. Salazar -- Bringing the city back in : the Chinese debate on rural problems / Lei Guang -- Renovating the great floodgate : the reform of China's Hukou system / Fei-ling Wang.

A law requires black bus passengers to sit in the back of the bus. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves a drug for use by black heart failure patients. A state refuses to license drivers under age 16. A company avoids hiring women between the ages of 20 and 40. We routinely draw distinctions among people on the basis of characteristics that they possess or lack. While some distinctions are benign, many are morally troubling.In this boldly conceived book, Deborah Hellman develops a much-needed general theory of discrimination. She demonstrates that many familiar ideas about when discrimination is wrong—when it is motivated by prejudice, grounded in stereotypes, or simply departs from merit-based decision-making—won't adequately explain our widely shared intuitions.Hellman argues that, in the end, distinguishing among people on the basis of traits is wrong when it demeans any of the people affected. She deftly explores the question of how we determine what is in fact demeaning.Claims of wrongful discrimination are among the most common moral claims asserted in public and private life. Yet the roots of these claims are often left unanalyzed. When Is Discrimination Wrong? explores what it means to treat people as equals and thus takes up a central problem of democracy

Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757-1823) is a complex figure of the late German Enlightenment. Sometime Catholic priest and active Mason even when still a cleric in Vienna, early disciple of Kant and the first to try to reform the Critique of Reason, influential teacher and prolific author, astute commentator on the immediate post-Kantian scene, and at all times convinced propagandist of the Enlightenment––in all these roles Reinhold reflected his age but also tested the limits of the values that had inspired it. This collection of essays, originally presented at an international workshop held in Montreal in 2007, conveys this multifaceted figure of Reinhold in all its details. In the four themes that run across the contributions––the historicity of reason, the primacy of moral praxis, the personalism of religious belief, and the transformation of classical metaphysics into phenomenology of mind––Reinhold is presented as a catalyst of nineteenth century thought but also as one who remained bound to intellectual prejudices that were typical of the Enlightenment and, for this reason, as still the representative of a past age. The volume contains the text of two hitherto unpublished Masonic speeches by Reinhold, and a description of recently recovered transcripts of student lecture notes dating to Reinhold's early Jena period.