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This article compares the portrayal of the intellectual in two social realist novels from two different countries: Ignazio Silone's Bread and Wine (1936) from Italy and Rıfat Ilgaz's Karartma Geceleri (1974, Blackout Nights) from Turkey. It focuses on spatial settings as domains of interaction (or lack thereof) and the ways in which they define the identities, realities, and responsibilities of the protagonists, Pietro Spina and Mustafa Ural. The discussion is constructed on the concept of the intellectual and societal engagement as theorised by Antonio Gramsci, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Edward Said along the lines of political involvement and its consequences. It examines actual and metaphorical exile, isolation, and imprisonment in their varying manifestations. How narration, setting, and imagery create an oppressive atmosphere is scrutinised in order to highlight the ways in which literary texts reveal affinities among the intellectuals' relation to the broader society, despite the differences in their temporal and cultural contexts.

Selectivity of migration varies significantly between ethnic/origin country groups, and between the destination countries which these groups have migrated to. Yet, little comparative research has measured empirically how selective different migrant groups are in multiple destination countries, nor has research studied whether the selectivity of migration is related to the magnitude of ethnic inequalities among the children of migrants in Western societies. We present an empirical measure of educational selectivity of migrants from many different origin countries having migrated to ten different destination countries. We examine whether selective migration of a particular ethnic group in a particular destination country is related to the gap between their children's and native children's educational outcomes. We find that the disadvantage in educational outcomes between the second generation and their peers from majority populations is smaller for ethnic groups that are more positively selected in terms of educational attainment. We also find some evidence that the effect of selective migration is moderated by the integration policies or tracking arrangements in the educational system in the destination country.

AbstractResearch on the labor process was initiated by the American economist Harry Braverman in the 1970s. This theory has been the main departure point for sociological research on labor issues in China. Since the beginning of the new century, research has taken new directions, such as the exploration of changes in the mode of control of workers. Based on that perspective, this article analyzes the specificities of the labor process of the Chinese building industry. It suggests to pay much more attention to social factors, such as the labor market, to understand the China's building industry.