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Social cooperatives in the function of social enterprises are classified as a group of employers of the open labour market. In view of their specific functioning they prepare and offer some work places to people being away from the labour market. The article attempts to characterize and evaluate the existing funding opportunities for social economy enterprises in Poland on the example of social cooperatives of legal entities in the context of the development of social economy in the area of social policy understood as one of the components of public policy. This article is a review of the current scientific literature in the field of social entrepreneurship and current legislation on social cooperatives. The presented data suggests that currently, social cooperatives have various forms and sources of financing for their activities. They operate in the sphere of public utilities, filling the gap in the provision of publicly available services which cannot be filled by free market entities or state institutions. Their activity is financed mainly from own funds, which can be supplemented with financial support from the state budget or a local government unit as well as bank loans and the European Union fund.

AbstractRamanna (Unreliable accounts: How regulators fabricate conceptual narratives to diffuse criticism.Accounting, Economics and Law: A Convivium, this issue) argues that the FASB's new Conceptual Framework deemphasizes reliability, and especially verifiability, in favor of representational faithfulness to facilitate the FASB's promotion of an "asset-liability" approach measured at fair values. More importantly, he argues that this change is likely to generate costly unintended consequences by undermining reporting quality. We agree and consider more broadly whether FASB creates social value through better accounting knowledge, and whether it is time to sunset the FASB monopoly in establishing accounting standards.

AbstractThis paper shows how the role of the market, the state and the family in providing old‐age support has evolved over time with changes in factors such as the reliability and the effectiveness of family support, the interest rate, the cost of public funds, and earning inequality. Agents with different productivity vote over the size of a Beveridgian pension system. When children assistance is certain, agents may rely exclusively on family and prefer no pension. However, when the size and the probability of family generosity decrease, social security is more likely to emerge.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Note on Romanisation -- List of Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical Approach: The Cross-Strait Rapprochement as a Contested Hegemonic Project -- 3. The Historical and Structural Origins of the Hegemonic Project -- 4. Reformist Resistance against the Black Box: Technocratic Management and the Structured Spontaneity of the Wild Strawberry Movement -- 5. The Contested Emergence of the China Factor: Resisting the Cultural Dimension of the Rapprochement -- 6. The Sunflower Movement and the Contradictory Re-politicisation of Neoliberal Developmentalism in Taiwan -- 7. Conclusion: Hegemony and Resistance in Taiwan -- List of Interviews -- Index.

Based on archival materials and special literature, the article analyzes the social activity of women in socio-political processes in the 20-30s of the twentieth century in Dagestan. Various forms of women's participation in socio-political processes, the work of women's departments, and their social activity are studied. It was revealed that traditional ideas about the position of women continued to dominate in Dagestan society.

<p>Sikkim is a land of myths, who has lost the pre-historic written documents but has left with the remarkable mystery of the country. Sikkim was sparsely populated and rich in natural resources including a large number of flora and fauna. There are three major ethnic communities, Lepchas, Bhutias and Nepalis inhabiting in the country. In the early period, Sikkim had a gigantic physical structure from the Himalayas to the plains. Earlier, the Tibetan called the territory of Sikkim as "Denjong, Demojong, and Deoshong, which have the same meaning as "Valley of Rice". There is another myth, that, the first Tibetan king had made a palace in Rabdenchi, at that period of time the Limbo community people called the palace as "SU- HIM" which meaning as "New Home". Another myth tells that in early days the Lepcha head married a Limbo girl from Limbuwan, and when she went to her father's house, she told the people of the village that she had came from 'Su Him' or 'New Home'. Later on, the Nepalese called it as 'Su Khim' instead of 'Su Him' but the advent of British in India, who could not pronounce the word 'Su Khim' and called it as 'Sikkim'. That was the last change in the name of the nation for forever.</p>