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This article offers a contribution to ongoing philosophical, sociological, and feminist debates about osmetic surgery 1 and is part of a larger project that examines the spatial and temporal aims and effects of cosmetic surgery, using media analysis and interviews with recipients and surgeons. The mother project argues that cosmetic surgery is part of a suite of anti-aging tools—medical, lifestyle, and beauty technologies— that, contrary to popular belief, do not aim to recreate youth but rather are deployed to create a new phase of life identified as the "stretched middle age." However, this article diverts to theorize—experimentally and heuristically—about cosmetic surgery in relation to postmodern architecture. Re-reading Fredric Jameson's 1984 piece about Los Angeles' Westin Bonaventura Hotel while immersed in the larger project led to speculation about how his description might be adopted as an analytical template for an alternative way of approaching cosmetic surgery. Furthermore, criticisms he makes of the Bonaventura as user-unfriendly and superficial are adapted to describe cosmetic surgery as it is currently enacted. This analogy is then extended in regard to another (later) postmodern structure, Melbourne's Federation Square.2 Analysis and description of the site are projected onto cosmetic surgery with the aim of showing that the technology has the possibility of a developmental trajectory similar to the one between the Bonaventura and Federation Square. Rather than snag on the wholly literal—which might attempt to practically describe the experiences of cosmetic surgically–altered has the potential to altered women in various postmodern spaces—this exercise is mainly speculative and metaphoric. The standpoint is intertwined with that of Kathryn Pauly Morgan, arguing that cosmetic surgery could contribute to a celebration of the fully participatory grotesque body as defined by Mary Russo. Some "extreme practitioners" of cosmetic surgery are used as examples of how it has the opportunity to progress in interesting and diverse directions, and these ideas are married with Federation Square's aesthetics in order to imagine a future, possibly utopic, cosmetic surgery.

Charles Alan Murray is an American political scientist, writer, and public speaker. He is the W.H. Brady Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank in Washington, D.C. Murray's work has been and remains highly controversial. His book Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950–1980 (1984) discussed the American welfare system. He wrote the controversial book The Bell Curve (1994), written with Richard Herrnstein, in which he argues that intelligence is a better predictor than parental socio-economic status or education level of many individual outcomes including income, job performance, pregnancy out of wedlock, and crime, and that social welfare programs and education efforts to improve social outcomes for the disadvantaged are largely counterproductive. Alvin Poussaint, M. D. is an American psychiatrist well known for his research on the effects of racism in the black community. He is a noted author, public speaker, and television consultant, and Dean of Students at Harvard Medical School. His work in psychiatry is influenced greatly by the civil rights movement in the South, which he joined in 1965. Poussaint is well known in psychology regarding race relations. Much of his work deconstructs theories of race models by white psychologist previously in the field. Through his research he addresses blatant and subtle forms of racism. This is why Poussaint insist that blacks instill self-esteem and black pride into children growing up in this society. In his controversial book, Why Blacks Kill Blacks, he turns the theory or racial self-hatred on its head. He developed his "aggression-rage" theory to show the psychological issues that may plague African Americans. In his book he states, " [The theory of racial self-hatred] allows whites to feel that [blacks] are psychologically deranged while [whites are] posing as models of mental health. In fact, it must be whites who are insecure and filled with self-hatred, since they are the ones who need to oppress blacks in order to cope with life." Another interest of Poussaint is media consulting. He wants to use media to construct positive role models for children.

Although the study of citizenship has been an important development in contemporary sociology, the nature of rights has been largely ignored. The analysis of human rights presents a problem for sociology, in which cultural relativism and the fact-value distinction have largely destroyed the classical tradition of the natural-law basis for rights discourse. This critique of the idea of universal rights was prominent in the work of Marx, Durkheim and Weber. However, recent developments in the organisation of nation states, the globalisation of political issues, the transformation of family life, and changes in medical technology in relation to human reproduction have brought the question of human rights to the forefront of social and political debate. The paper argues that a sociology of rights is important, because there are obvious limitations to the idea of citizenship, which is based on membership of a nation state. Existing conceptualisations of citizenship require the supplement of rights theory. It is argued that sociology can ground the analysis of human rights in a concept of human frailty, especially the vulnerability of the body, in the idea of the precariousness of social institutions, and in a theory of moral sympathy. These three analytical supports - ontological frailty, social precariousness, and moral sympathy - are partly derived from the philosophical anthropology of Arnold Gehlen, from Ulrich Beck's concept of the risk society, and Max Scheler's phenomenology of sympathy. Emodied frailty is a human universal condition, which is compounded by the risky and precarious nature of social institutions. Human vulnerability can be contained or ameliorated by the institution of rights which protect human beings from this ontological uncertainty. From a sociological perspective, rights are social claims for institutionalised protection. However, it is because of collective sympathy for the plight of others that moral communities are created which support the institution of rights. This thesis not only offers a sociological version of traditional notions of natural or inalienable rights, but also attempts to provide a sociological alternative to enlightenment theories of social contract and individual rights.

¿Qué tipo de contactos, modificaciones y encuentros se producen cuando los saberes salen del ámbito institucional –de la universidad, el laboratorio o la academia– y se someten a las reglas de la esfera comunicativa? El presente trabajo parte de la idea de que al funcionar como máquina procesadora de conocimientos y saberes (científicos, técnicos, humanísticos) la literatura los reintegra a la vida cotidiana, acercándolos al horizonte de expectativa de los lectores. Si como sostiene Jacques Rancière, se conoce por observación, comparación y traducción, Castelnuovo adopta la figura de un traductor que elabora un sistema discursivo cuyo primer objetivo es el compromiso político que ata con algunas formas de saberes. En otras palabras, cabría pensar que el compromiso requiere la convergencia o la yuxtaposición de diferentes discursos en un gesto en que la política, la literatura y la ciencia se entrelazan para configurar una estética de la denuncia, de la pedagogía o simplemente de la exhibición. Su literatura reclama cuerpos teóricos exteriores a ella misma y los busca en las ciencias médicas, el marxismo o el psicoanálisis. ; What kind of connections, modifications and encounters are produced when knowledge comes out of the institutional realm –university, laboratory or academy– and is submitted to the rules of communicative sphere? This article starts from the idea that Literature works as a machine that processes scientific, technique and humanistic systems of knowledge. Literature reintegrates those kinds of knowledge to everyday life. If, as Rancière says, we know by means of observation, comparison and translation, Castelnuovo assumes the position of a translator who elaborates a discourse system with a political commitment which he links to some kind of knowledge. In other words, commitment needs the convergence or juxtaposition of different discourses in which politics, literature and science become intertwined resulting into an aesthetic style whose aim is social denunciation, pedagogy or just exhibition. His literature demands theoretical corpuses placed outside of it, which he finds in medical science, Marxism and Psychoanalysis. ; Fil: Rodriguez Persico, Adriana Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina

Farrell v. United States et al. 69 S. Ct. 707; 336 U. S. 511.United States Supreme Court, April 4, 1949. Jackson, J.Holding that the right to cure and maintenance of an American seaman, suffering permanent disability from a fall while on shore leave in an Italian port, was terminated when the maximum cure possible had been effected, the Court rejected the seaman's contention that under medieval doctrines of admiralty he was entitled to maintenance for life. The Court said in part:
The law of the sea is in a peculiar sense an international law, but application of its specific rules depends upon acceptance by the United States. The problem of the sick or injured seaman has concerned every maritime country and, in 1936, the General Conference of the International Labor Organization at Geneva submitted a draft convention to the United States and other states. It was ratified by the Senate and was proclaimed by the President as effective for the United States on October 29, 1939. 54 Stat. 1693. Article 4, paragraph 1, thereof, provides: "The shipowner shall be liable to defray the expense of medical care and maintenance until the sick or injured person has been cured, or until the sickness or incapacity has been declared of a permanent character."While enactment of this general rule by Congress would seem controlling, it is not amiss to point out that the limitation thus imposed was in accordance with the understanding of those familiar with the laws of the sea and sympathetic with the seaman's problems........That the duty of the ship to maintain and care for the seaman after the end of the voyage only until he was so far cured as possible, seems to have been the doctrine of the American admiralty courts prior to the adoption of the Convention by Congress, despite occasional ambiguity of language or reservation as to possible situations not before the court. It has been the rule of the admiralty courts since the Convention.

A transcribed letter by Frank B. Wilson to Laurence L. Doggett dated October 14, 1917. In the letter Wilson informs Doggett that another Alumni, Roland M. Jones was killed in France by a shell. He also talks about what some other Alumni have been doing. For the original letter, see rg104-01-a-01-04c-012. ; Frank B. Wilson (1889-1969) Born in Kingston, Ontario, he attended school in Ottawa, where his father opened a bicycle store which ultimately developed into one of the city's first automoble sales outlets. He attened Stanstead College (Class of 1908), and later enrolled at Springfield College (Class of 1916). Immediately after graduation, Wilson went overseas in World War I as a captain in the 2nd division, being attached to the Canadian YMCA war services. In 1917 he was promoted to the Adjutant of the Overseas War Services. On his discharge he served for a year with the National Council of YMCA and, prior to his return to Montreal, studied education psychology at Columbia University. It was in 1928 that he first became associated with the Mutual Life Assurance Company. At the outbreak of World War II, he volunteered for overseas duty but was turned down. Instead he chose to contribute his services by organizing entertainment for the armed forces, becoming chairman of the Auxilliary Services Entertainment Committee for the Montreal Military District No. 4. In 1941 he was appointed personnel superintendent of the D.I.L. shell-filling plant at Bouchard near Ste. Therese, which post gave him the opportunity to boost the morale of hardworking employees there. After 2.5 years he was able to return to his insurance post. He passed away on May 27 1969. Roland Jones was born in 1889 in Winnipeg, but they soon moved to Victoria, where he attended North Ward School. Before attending the International YMCA College, now Springfield College, he worked as a boys' secretary at a local YMCA. After graduation, Jones joined the medical corp at Vernon and traveled to France. He was a graduate of the class of 1916. He was nicknamed "Cupid" Jones on account of his cherubic stature. He died on October 11, 1917.

A transcribed letter by Frank B. Wilson to Laurence L. Doggett dated October 14, 1917. In the letter Wilson informs Doggett that another Alumni, Roland M. Jones, was killed in France by a shell. This transcript is incomplete. For the complete transcript see item rg104-01-a-01-04c-013. For the original, see rg104-01-a-01-04c-012. ; Frank B. Wilson (1889-1969) Born in Kingston, Ontario, he attended school in Ottawa, where his father opened a bicycle store which ultimately developed into one of the city's first automoble sales outlets. He attened Stanstead College (Class of 1908), and later enrolled at Springfield College (Class of 1916). Immediately after graduation, Wilson went overseas in World War I as a captain in the 2nd division, being attached to the Canadian YMCA war services. In 1917 he was promoted to the Adjutant of the Overseas War Services. On his discharge he served for a year with the National Council of YMCA and, prior to his return to Montreal, studied education psychology at Columbia University. It was in 1928 that he first became associated with the Mutual Life Assurance Company. At the outbreak of World War II, he volunteered for overseas duty but was turned down. Instead he chose to contribute his services by organizing entertainment for the armed forces, becoming chairman of the Auxilliary Services Entertainment Committee for the Montreal Military District No. 4. In 1941 he was appointed personnel superintendent of the D.I.L. shell-filling plant at Bouchard near Ste. Therese, which post gave him the opportunity to boost the morale of hardworking employees there. After 2.5 years he was able to return to his insurance post. He passed away on May 27 1969. Roland Jones was born in 1889 in Winnipeg, but they soon moved to Victoria, where he attended North Ward School. Before attending the International YMCA College, now Springfield College, he worked as a boys' secretary at a local YMCA. After graduation, Jones joined the medical corp at Vernon and traveled to France. He was a graduate of the class of 1916. He was nicknamed "Cupid" Jones on account of his cherubic stature. He died on October 11, 1917.

Die eigene Erfahrung zum Beruf machen. Genesungsbegleiter*innen sind Psychiatrie-Erfahrene oder deren Angehörige, die in der psychiatrischen Versorgung professionell tätig werden. Aber wie lässt sich überhaupt eine spezifische (Krisen-)Erfahrung zu einer alltäglichen Expertise machen? Die Autorin bietet hierauf eine ethnografisch-empirische Antwort: Sie entwickelt das ambivalente Bild einer professionellen Zwischenzone und schärft damit den Blick auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen Erfahrung(en) und Expertise(n) - für den Beruf der Genesungsbegleitung, für das Fach Europäische Ethnologie und nicht zuletzt für gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche Debatten um die Legitimität von Expertise.

The "Authorization Exercise Procedure" is a device that concerns all doctors with diplomas outside the European Union. It was introduced in 2007 by law "CMU of 27 July 1999", supplemented by "Law of Social Security Financing" of 21 December 2008, amended by the Law "2012-157 of 1 February 2012", The last law concerned, was No. 2016-1888 of 28 December 2016 on the modernization, development and protection of mountain territories, put an end to the regularization of these doctors. Since the implementation of Law 2012-157 from 1 February 2012 to the end of 2016, the Fiscal Authorization Procedure has 26,562 registrations and 14,647 presentations, of which 4866 were received in the Knowledge Verification Exercise Authorization Procedure. We examined the results of the Knowledge Verification tests with in-depth analyzes. Between 2012 and 2016, List A received the highest number of candidates for the Knowledge Test, 21123 registrations, 10007 presentations. The success rate of List A varies between 15% and 19%, knowing that List A is a list that collects all newcomers, the Knowledge Testing tests for this list is a competition. List B received 562 entries, including 413 entries between 2012 and 2016 with a pass rate of 24% to 41%. The tests for this list are in the form of an examination. List C received 4877 entries, of which 4,227 entries between 2012 and 2016 and the success rate is 56% to 80%. List C is also an examination that gathers all the doctors with diplomas outside the European Union who are already established in France. We have observed that the disappearance of the list C is partly due to the device of the Exercise Authorization Procedure which allows the regularization of the doctors with diploma outside the European Union. Law 2012-157 of February 1, 2012, which modifies the conditions and the perimeter of participation of the candidates in the tests of verification of the Knowledge is one of the causes of transfer of the candidates from List A to List C. Finally, the doctors registered on the board ...

The "Authorization Exercise Procedure" is a device that concerns all doctors with diplomas outside the European Union. It was introduced in 2007 by law "CMU of 27 July 1999", supplemented by "Law of Social Security Financing" of 21 December 2008, amended by the Law "2012-157 of 1 February 2012", The last law concerned, was No. 2016-1888 of 28 December 2016 on the modernization, development and protection of mountain territories, put an end to the regularization of these doctors. Since the implementation of Law 2012-157 from 1 February 2012 to the end of 2016, the Fiscal Authorization Procedure has 26,562 registrations and 14,647 presentations, of which 4866 were received in the Knowledge Verification Exercise Authorization Procedure. We examined the results of the Knowledge Verification tests with in-depth analyzes. Between 2012 and 2016, List A received the highest number of candidates for the Knowledge Test, 21123 registrations, 10007 presentations. The success rate of List A varies between 15% and 19%, knowing that List A is a list that collects all newcomers, the Knowledge Testing tests for this list is a competition. List B received 562 entries, including 413 entries between 2012 and 2016 with a pass rate of 24% to 41%. The tests for this list are in the form of an examination. List C received 4877 entries, of which 4,227 entries between 2012 and 2016 and the success rate is 56% to 80%. List C is also an examination that gathers all the doctors with diplomas outside the European Union who are already established in France. We have observed that the disappearance of the list C is partly due to the device of the Exercise Authorization Procedure which allows the regularization of the doctors with diploma outside the European Union. Law 2012-157 of February 1, 2012, which modifies the conditions and the perimeter of participation of the candidates in the tests of verification of the Knowledge is one of the causes of transfer of the candidates from List A to List C. Finally, the doctors registered on the board ...

The "Authorization Exercise Procedure" is a device that concerns all doctors with diplomas outside the European Union. It was introduced in 2007 by law "CMU of 27 July 1999", supplemented by "Law of Social Security Financing" of 21 December 2008, amended by the Law "2012-157 of 1 February 2012", The last law concerned, was No. 2016-1888 of 28 December 2016 on the modernization, development and protection of mountain territories, put an end to the regularization of these doctors. Since the implementation of Law 2012-157 from 1 February 2012 to the end of 2016, the Fiscal Authorization Procedure has 26,562 registrations and 14,647 presentations, of which 4866 were received in the Knowledge Verification Exercise Authorization Procedure. We examined the results of the Knowledge Verification tests with in-depth analyzes. Between 2012 and 2016, List A received the highest number of candidates for the Knowledge Test, 21123 registrations, 10007 presentations. The success rate of List A varies between 15% and 19%, knowing that List A is a list that collects all newcomers, the Knowledge Testing tests for this list is a competition. List B received 562 entries, including 413 entries between 2012 and 2016 with a pass rate of 24% to 41%. The tests for this list are in the form of an examination. List C received 4877 entries, of which 4,227 entries between 2012 and 2016 and the success rate is 56% to 80%. List C is also an examination that gathers all the doctors with diplomas outside the European Union who are already established in France. We have observed that the disappearance of the list C is partly due to the device of the Exercise Authorization Procedure which allows the regularization of the doctors with diploma outside the European Union. Law 2012-157 of February 1, 2012, which modifies the conditions and the perimeter of participation of the candidates in the tests of verification of the Knowledge is one of the causes of transfer of the candidates from List A to List C. Finally, the doctors registered on the board ...

The public health implications of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Europe have changed due to increasing numbers of hepatitis E cases and recent reports of chronic, persistent HEV infections associated with progression to cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. The main infectious risk for such immunosuppressed patients is exposure to undercooked infected pork products and blood transfusion. We summarised the epidemiology of HEV infections among blood donors and also outlined any strategies to prevent transfusion-transmitted HEV, in 11 European countries. In response to the threat posed by HEV and related public and political concerns, most of the observed countries determined seroprevalence of HEV in donors and presence of HEV RNA in blood donations. France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK) reported cases of transfusion-transmitted HEV. Ireland and the UK have already implemented HEV RNA screening of blood donations; the Netherlands will start in 2017. Germany and France perform screening for HEV RNA in several blood establishments or plasma donations intended for use in high-risk patients respectively and, with Switzerland, are considering implementing selective or universal screening nationwide. In Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain, the blood authorities are evaluating the situation. Denmark decided not to implement the HEV screening of blood donations.

"Ökonomische Zwänge und steigende, sich im Wandel befindende Anforderungen innerhalb des Gesundheitswesens machen es erforderlich bisherige Strukturen und Handlungsweisen zu evaluieren und zu aktualisieren. Die Implementierung des Sozialkapitalkonzeptes innerhalb des Gesundheitssektors soll hier als eine Möglichkeit aufgezeigt werden, den knapper werdenden Budgets und den durch demographischen Wandel und veränderte Morbidität hervorgerufenen neuen Anforderungen zubegegnen. Beispielhaft wurde die Institution Krankenhaus ausgewählt, da gerade hier der Gedanke der Ökonomie immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt, während die optimale Versorgung und Betreuung der Patienten zunehmend in den Hintergrund zurücken scheint. Der Vorstellung bisheriger Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialem Kapital und Gesundheit folgt ein kurzer Diskurs über den z.Zt. vorherrschenden Praxisalltag und dessen strukturellem Hintergrund. Danach werden die Möglichkeiten, der Nutzen und die bei einer Implementierung zu erwartenden Hürden dargestellt und diskutiert. Anhand quantitativer Daten (Fragebogen) wird der Frage nachgegangen wie die eigentlichen Akteure (Ärzte und Patienten) den Nutzen einer solchen Implementierung einschätzen. Die Entscheidung für diese Methode findet ihre Begründung in dem großen gesellschaftlichen Bedarf an quantifizierbaren Daten und der Tatsache, dass es sich um ein geeignetes Instrument handelt, der Grundfrage nach einer ersten Einschätzung des Konzeptes nachzugehen. Die große Bedeutung des Sozialkapitalkonzeptes innerhalb des Gesundheitswesens lässt sich auf Dauer nicht verleugnen und dessen Implementierung auch durch z.Zt. noch bestehende althergebrachte Herrschaftsstrukturen nicht dauerhaft aufhalten. Durch die zu erwartenden ökonomischen Vorteile wird das Konzept künftig vor allem auf politischer Seite für Aufmerksamkeit sorgen, wobei der humanitäre Ansatz die Patienten überzeugen wird." (Autorenreferat)