Suchergebnisse

This article deals with the strategies of institutionalising scientific, technological and educational co-operation in the context of recent Euro-Mediterranean relations. In order to understand the process of creating a new kind of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation policy in those areas of activity, it is necessary to have a broad view of the social contexts that determine that same process. The newest phase of socio-economic modernisation, what is often referred to as the 'information era', is responsible for changing both the concept and the institutional structures of international cooperation between universities and in the science and technology sectors. One of the key aims of the renewal of the co-operation policy before and after the ministerial conference held in Barcelona 1995 is the promotion of the vision of the innovative university in the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries, one that actively responds to the needs of the new political economy and new strategies of scientific, technological and educational cooperation, in the Euro-Mediterranean region. This article critically addresses this ideal for the southern university, taking into account the fundamental issue of socio-cultural sensitivity, as this is manifest or absent in the Barcelona framework. It is argued that the broad consensus that was present among the various European and non-European participants of the working groups at the Forum Civil Euromed - a consensus that emphasised the gap in the southern Mediterranean countries with respect to technology and university based research - could be said to be the direct result of the way in which these 'fora' were organised. It is claimed that different voices might emerge, and therefore the conceptual basis of cooperation broadened, if participants from other sectors of civil society were to be involved ; peer-reviewed

Представленная статья объясняет распад Советского Союза взаимосвязью задач его внешнеполитического позиционирования и удержанием власти внутри страны. В отличие от других работ, в которых излагается общепринятое геополитическое объяснение дезинтеграции СССР дефицитом ресурсов, обусловленным чрезмерными издержками на военные расходы, в данном исследовании показано, что непосредственным стимулом к распаду страны был успех горбачёвской внешней политики. С одной стороны, это сделало М.С. Горбачёва одним из самых популярных государственных деятелей в мире и открыло доступ к иностранным займам, а с другой лишило его свободы использования силового ресурса в пределах страны. Во внутренней политике дезинтеграционные тенденции усиливались сочетанием накопленной институциональной слабости и сложной политической игры М.С. Горбачёва по выстраиванию новых, независимых от Коммунистической партии оснований собственной власти. Привычный упрёк Горбачёву в нерешимости вовремя порвать с КПСС может быть в равной степени заменён и на противоположный: его желание дистанцироваться от партии, подорвать её власть внесло свой вклад в распад государства. Одерживая локальные победы над реальными и мнимыми противниками перестройки, её архитекторы ненамеренно спровоцировали сепаратистские стратегии республиканских и региональных правителей. Основной тезис статьи распад СССР едва ли возможно объяснить какой-либо одной причиной. Напротив, мы имеем дело с хитросплетением долговременных и краткосрочных процессов, стратегических и тактических решений. ; The article focused on explanation of the disintegration of the Soviet Union via detecting an interconnections of the task of the Soviet foreign policy and task of holding the power in the country. While the geopolitical explanation of the process of the disintegration as outcome of shortage of the sources due to excessive costs for military and defense is common view, the article shows that the very success of the gorbachev`s foreign policy was the direct impetus for the disintegration. As result of his maneuvers on the international stage, Gorbachev found itself as hostage by its image of "democrat" and "man who changed the World". Such reputation, as well as growing dependence on the Western`s financial support deprived him of the room for maneuver in domestic policy, first of all he was restricted significantly in capability to suppress opposition and disobedience. The main argument of the paper: hardly it is possible to explain the disintegration of USSR by sole main reason. Just the opposite, we have to deal with the fine-spun node of short-term and durable processes, tactic and strategic decisions.

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