Business and politicians' interaction is pervasive but has mostly been analyzed with a binary approach, i.e. either a firm is connected to a politician or not. Yet the network dimensions of such connections are ubiquitous. This paper uses use a unique data set for seven economies that documents politically exposed persons and their links to companies, political parties, and other individuals. The data set is used to identify networks of connections, including their scale and composition. The analysis finds that all country networks are integrated having a Big Island. They also tend to be marked by small-world properties of high clustering and short path length. Matching the data to firm-level information, the paper examines the association between being connected and firm-level attributes. The originality of the analysis is to identify how location in a network, including the extent of ties and centrality, is correlated with firm scale and performance. In a binary approach, such network characteristics are omitted and the scale and economic impact of politically connected business may be significantly mis/under-estimated. By comparing the results of the binary approach with the network approach, the paper also assesses the biases that result from ignoring network attributes.
By incorporating the latest advancement in complex system modeling and simulation into the service system research, this book makes a valuable contribution to this field that will lead service innovation and service management toward the digital twin and metaverse. It covers important topics such as computational experiments and parallel execution of a parallel service system, the modeling of artificial service systems, semi-parallel service systems, parallel service, and digital twin/metaverse. It also provides a unified framework for realizing a parallel service system that demonstrates the capabilities or potentials of adopting digital twin and metaverse. In addition, the book contains numerous solutions to real-world problems, through which both academic readers and practitioners will gain new perspectives on service systems, and learn how to model a parallel service system or how to use the model to analyze and understand the behaviors of the system. For academic readers, it sheds light on a new research direction within the service science/engineering domain made possible by the latest technologies. For practitioners, with the help of methods such as Agent-based Modeling and Simulation, the book will enable them to enhance their skills in designing or analyzing a service system
Abstract : This collection of ten essays adds a new and original perspective to the debate on political reform in the Gulf countries which has intensified in recent years. Rather than couching the issue in the more frequently heard terms of authoritarianism vs. democratization, the book focuses on the evolution of Gulf constitutions and on the widening of political participation. It is shown that constitutional reforms have served the purpose of consolidating the absolute power of the rulers, but have also allowed the progressive development of institutions whose representative character and influence on the policy making process has been growing. Political participation has considerably widened, partly thanks to these new or strengthened institutions, but even more so because of the increased access to information and freedom of expression brought about by the ICT revolution. None of the Gulf regimes is democratic, and a long evolution might be necessary before they deserve to be recognized as such. Nevertheless, real change is taking place, and prospects for political reform in the Gulf may be better than in the rest of the Arab world.
This article analyses Transformation Governance (t-Gov) models and strategies, seeking to contribute to the clarification of this concept. Using a literature review on the topic, the text discusses what is understood by Digital Transformation of the government in the context of the conceptual enlargement of the e-government for digital governance. The results show t-Gov as an adaptive model consisting of strategies that seek to create institutional conditions to enable a Digital Transformation process focused on users. The article concludes that citizen involvement and co-creation are the main elements of such strategies, and the aim of the t-Gov is to create contextualized mechanisms of digital governance to enable such elements
"Many of the effects of nuclear fallout and radiation have been intentionally hidden by governments around the world. Public knowledge has been driven by activists demanding recognition and justice. Many Downwinders fought for years, in the press and in the courts, to have their health and environmental concerns taken seriously. Just as radiation is invisible, many of these stories continue to be unseen. From 2017 to 2020, Jacob Hamblin and Linda Richards facilitated the Oregon State University Downwinders Project, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, to support research and scholarship on the Downwinders cases near the Hanford nuclear site in Washington. Additionally, each summer the project team sponsored a workshop that brought a variety of stakeholders together to explore the science, history, and lived history of radiation exposure. These workshops took a broad view of nuclear contamination, beyond Hanford, beyond the United States, and beyond academia. Community members and activists presented their testimonies and creative work alongside scholars studying exposure worldwide. Making the Unseen Visible collects some of the best work arising from the project and its workshops. Scholarly research chapters and reflective essays cover topics and experiences ranging from colonial nuclear testing in North Africa to uranium mining in the Navajo Nation and battles over public memory around Hanford. Scholarship on nuclear topics has largely happened on a case study basis, focusing on individual disasters or locations. Making the Unseen Visible brings a variety of current community and scholarly work together to create a clearer, larger web uniting nuclear humanities research across time and geography"--
Mestrado em Marketing ; Marketing político é uma disciplina que tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais atenção no mundo académico e uma das suas áreas de pesquisa é o facto de marketing político necessitar de diferentes práticas conforme a cultura do país em que está a ser aplicado, no entanto ainda não foram estudadas diferentes práticas que têm de ser aplicadas dentro da mesma cultura, mas para diferentes tipos de eleições. Este estudo irá analisar as diferenças que campanhas para eleições presidenciais e legislativas têm de ter em atenção em Portugal, estudando o caso da campanha presidencial de 2016 de sua excelência Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, e da campanha legislativa de 2015 sua excelência António Costa e do PS. As maiores diferenças encontradas foram ao nível de características pessoais, em que no caso do presidente MRS se dá maior importância à sua personalidade, enquanto que no caso do primeiro ministro se deu mais importância às suas capacidades; o partido político teve maior relevância nas eleições legislativas, enquanto que o histórico pessoal e a fama tiveram mais relevância nas presidenciais; os eleitores deram maior importância ao programa eleitoral do primeiro ministro achando que a sua função principal é de legislar, enquanto que a função do presidente é mais de representar o país e estar próximo do povo; e ainda houve diferenças a nível do tipo de campanha efetuada. ; Political marketing is a subject which has been gaining growing attention in the academic world, and one of its areas of research is the fact that political marketing needs to apply different practices dependent on the culture in which it is being applied, however there haven?t been any studies regarding different practices which have to be applied within the same culture, but regarding different kinds of elections. This study will analyze differences that campaigns for presidential and legislative elections need to take into consideration when being prepared, studying the case of his excellence, president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa?s 2016 presidential campaign, and his excellence prime minister António Costa and PS?s 2015 legislative campaign. The biggest differences found were in the personal characteristics of the candidates, with people paying more attention to the personality of the president and the capacities of the prime minister; the political party has a higher level of importance when it is legislative elections while the historic and reputation were more relevant in presidential elections; the electorate gave more importance to the electoral program of the prime minister, believing that his main function is to legislate, while the main functions for the president were to represent the country and to be closer to the people; and there were also differences regarding the type of campaign each candidate followed. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
This is a lively and well-written textbook, which will prove a valuable addition to the IR textbook series - mainly because the ideas it covers have changed so fundamentally in the last ten years. Nationalism and ethnicity are uniquely considered within the context of both traditional IR theory and 'new' IR (ie Cold War perspectives). Joireman explains the conflict between primordialism (the view that ethnicity is inborn and ethnic division natural), instrumentalism (ethnicity is a tool to gain some larger, typically material end) and social constructivism (the emerging consensus that ethnicity is flexible and people can make choices about how they define themselves). Case studies are included on Quebec, Bosnia, Northern Ireland and Eritrea. ; https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1157/thumbnail.jpg
Considers factors that make environmental policy problematic: incompatible concepts of man-nature relationship; inadequate comprehension of the complexities of nature; sectoral subdivisions of knowledge; assumptions in environmental politics; fractioned structure of laws and administration; and short-range perception of time. (Original abstract-amended)
