Suchergebnisse

По налоговым и автотранспортным преступлениям значение преюдиций в доказывании было и остается весьма большим. Доказательства по уголовному делу могут собираться не только на основе уголовно-процессуального законодательства, но и КоАП РФ, это пример того, что необходимы унификация процедур получения доказательств по всем юридическим делам и взаимное признание юридической силы результатов применения законных способов собирания доказательств, урегулированных отраслевым законодательством. Факты, установленные в ходе административного производства, должны будут приниматься органами предварительного расследования и судами по уголовным делам без проверки. Поэтому до тех пор пока не будет отменено решение по делу об административном правонарушении, которым установлены определенные обстоятельства, следователь и суд должны исходить из презумпции их существования ; Collateral estoppel has always played a fairly important role in the solution of tax and automobile transport crimes. The evidence in a criminal offence case can be gathered on the basis of not only the criminal procedure legislation but also the Code of Administrative Offences RF. This is an illustration of the fact that there should be uniform procedure for the admission of evidence in all legal cases as well as mutual acceptance of the validity of various legitimate evidence-collecting means, which are laid down in the branch law. The facts found in the course of administrative proceedings will have to be accepted by the preliminary investigation agencies and criminal courts without testing. Therefore, the investigator and the court must proceed on the assumption that such facts exist, until the ruling on the administrative offence, which imposes certain obligations, has been abolished.

Bill introduced by the Texas Senate relating to the transfer of certain state property in Walker County from the Texas Board of Criminal Justice to the board of regents of the Texas State University System.

Every citizen has different characteristics and desires every day including Indonesian citizens from young people to old ones have varied ambitions in life and action. The behavior of each individual in order to achieve various goals, either hobbies or ways of living life which is also limited by government regulations that require a person to obey the current positive laws. This research discusses how the regulation of gambling of illegal racing in Denpasar City and how the effect of consequences of gambling of illegal racing in Denpasar City. The method used in this research is a type of normative legal research which is carried out by the method of recording and reviewing legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the regulation of criminal acts committed by adolescents in illegal racing has not been regulated in certain regulations, but the acts committed by these teenagers have violated the provision of Law No. 22 of 2009, while the final result of the sanctions imposed by the police on gambling of illegal racing is not very effective, because the sanctions are only in the form of warnings and then called by their respective parents, if they are caught doing it again or someone is still doing it and gets the same act then their vehicle is ticketed or detained. As for preventive legal protection regarding prevention, it has been carried out not only from the police, but from the community, village heads or village officials and especially parents whose children are involved in this group, who contribute more in overcoming and preventing future actions that breaks the law.

War, Aggression and Self-Defence is an indispensable guide to international legal issues of war and peace, the crime of aggression, self-defence and its trigger, armed attack, and the different modalities of self-defence, as well as enforcement measures taken under the aegis of a binding decision of the Security Council. This new and fully updated 6th edition focuses on the key issues at the forefront of the contemporary international legal debate, as well as analysing the new armed conflicts in Syria, Ukraine and Georgia, re-examining the Kampala amendments on the crime of aggression and considering the phenomenon of 'robust' mandates of a peacekeeping force. Suitable for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, this market-leading book offers a wide-ranging and highly readable introduction to the legal issues surrounding war and self-defence.

Abstract: There is a diffuse sentiment that international arbitration is more apt in understanding the interests of the parties than national courts are. Does this mean that arbitrators are more disposed than national courts to relying on the language of the contract and to disregarding possible interference from national law - including also principles such as the principle of good faith? Alternatively, do they more readily rely on considerations of good faith, on the economic interests that are at stake, on trade usages and the like than national courts do? Considering the impact of different legal traditions on the interpretation of contracts, the limited harmonizing effect of transnational sources in this context, the peculiar drafting style adopted in international contract practice and the rationale therefor, as well as the legal framework for international commercial arbitration, this article highlights the interpretation dilemma faced by arbitrators. It concludes that within arbitration there is no unitary approach to interpretation of contracts. Resumé: Il existe un sentiment diffus selon lequel l'arbitrage international est plus apte à comprendre les intérêts des parties que les cours et tribunaux nationaux. Cela signifie-t-il que les arbitres sont plus disposés que les cours et tribunaux nationaux à se baser sur le langage du contrat et à ne pas tenir compte des interférences possibles du droit national - y compris également des principes tels que celui de la bonne foi? Ou bien s'appuient-ils plus facilement sur des considérations de bonne foi, sur les interest économiques en jeu, sur les usages du commerce et autres usages similaires, que les cours et tribunaux nationaux? Prenant en considération l'impact des différentes traditions juridiques sur l'interprétation des contrats, l'effet limité d'harmonisation des sources transnationales dans ce contexte, le style particulier de rédaction adopté dans la pratique des contrats internationaux et sa justification, ainsi que le cadre légal de l'arbitrage commercial international, le présent article souligne le dilemme de l'interprétation auquel les arbitres doivent faire face. Il conclut qu'au sein de l'arbitrage, il n'y a pas d'approche unitaire pour interpréter les contrats.

This Article is enough to ruin many Thanksgiving family dinners. It is about American religion, politics, and taxes. Mostly it is about taxes. As I will explain, this is what sets it apart from the contemporary legal scholarship exploring the campaign restrictions on tax exempt churches. This Introduction identifies the problem addressed in the article, then introduces the contemporary legal scholarship and the alternative approach this article takes. Part I of this Article introduces the reader to the legal context of "the problem" of churches being unable to campaign if they choose to be Tax Exempt under Section 501 (c) (3). Part II provides an overview of the current legal scholarship, which assumes that tax exemption is essential to churches' financial well-being, and hence has been labeled "Exemption Essentialism." Part III is a hypothetical tax-by-tax exploration of the claim that Section 501 (c) (3) may not be essential to churches. Part IV suggests some implications for churches, the government, legal scholars, and partisans if, in fact, tax exemption is not so valuable that it should deter churches from campaigning, if they are so inclined. Finally, the Conclusion recaps the Article.

Ethnographies of groups who draw genealogical charts are relatively common in anthropology. Bringing the ethnographic gaze to bear on genealogical charts drawn up by bureaucratic and legal institutions, however, is a fairly rare methodological strategy in both the anthropology of bureaucracy and kinship studies. Hybridizing these two bodies of anthropological theory and using ethnographic material on post‐socialist housing restitution in Romania, I describe how bureaucratic and legal institutions co‐create genealogical charts and use them as tools to make the composition of kin networks legible and to verify and validate them. Several articles of the Civil Code strictly regulate inheritance, amounting to what might be called, after Malinowski, the state's bastard algebra of kinship. These legal prescriptions inscribe kinship in bureaucratic certificates, documents, and genealogical charts, which help state institutions reach legal certainty about the flow of inheritance rights. Rather than simply dismissing genealogical charts as false science, anthropologists might approach them as a mundane form of statecraft and as bureaucratic inscriptions able to author social worlds and make law active in everyday life.

The article analyses the peculiarities of the application of the standards of the International Labour Organization in the judicial practice of Ukraine. Despite the fact that the claimants very often, when filing the lawsuits, strengthen their argumentation by referring to the ILO Convention or Recommendation, these international standards do not form the direct basis of the subsequent court decisions. This circumstance is viewed primarily as one resulting from the tendency of understanding the concept of international labour law as international public labour law, namely, when the law that is associated with the cooperation of states, interstate associations, international organizations, and national level social partners. Its subject is interstate public relations, regarding the establishment and implementation of international standards of human rights in the field of labour. In turn, international public labour law is always characterized by a complex nature, which is expressed by the combination of elements of international law with national labour legislation. So, on the one hand, after the ratification of an international act, under the Article 9 of the Constitution of Ukraine it becomes part of the national legislation and in the future, moreover, its provisions do not actually function independently, but are developed in the legal acts of Ukraine. But, on the other hand, the given circumstance in no way eliminates the possibility of direct application of the international standard in the case of non-regulation of the relevant issue in the legal acts of Ukraine. This is expressly specified in the Article 81 of the Labour Code. The rule states that, if an international agreement in which Ukraine participates establishes rules other than those contained in the legislation of Ukraine on labour, the rules of the international agreement are applied. Taking into account the enormous regulation of employment relationships at the state level, in Ukraine, the direct application of ILO conventions and recommendations is appropriate, first of all, in cases of gaps existing in national legal acts. In addition, it should be noted that the ILO Constitution obliges each ILO member state to report on the measures it has taken to apply the ratified Conventions. Such reports are based not only on national legislation, but also on judicial practice. This fact strengthens the role of the judiciary in the implementation of Ukraine's international obligations, because the results of its activities may affect the international image of the state. In addition, active involvement of the courts in the implementation of international standards at the national level creates a unique pool of information that allows the ILO to develop further ways of effective international regulation in the field of labour.

Введение: в статье освещается проблема легитимности норм, регламентирующих освобождение от уголовной ответственности и определяющих процессуальную форму осуществления такого освобождения. Цель: провести ревизию норм, регламентирующих освобождение от уголовной ответственности, а также закрепляющих процессуальную форму такого освобождения, с точки зрения их соответствия конституционному положению о презумпции невиновности, определить необходимость сохранения соответствующего института в современном законодательстве. Методы: исследование носит комплексный характер. При его осуществлении используются знания из различных областей юридической науки. Результаты: показано, что освобождение от уголовной ответственности является постоянно развивающимся правовым образованием. Обосновано, что это предопределено значимостью данной меры уголовно-правового характера для решения задач, закрепленных в ст. 2 УК РФ. Проанализирована позиция ученых, считающих институт освобождения от уголовной ответственности и нормы, призванные регламентировать его процессуальную форму, противоречащими презумпции невиновности. Выяснено, что сущностью освобождения от уголовной ответственности является избавление лица, совершившего преступление, от признания данного субъекта виновным в совершении преступления, и на этой основе доказано, что лицо не может быть освобождено от уголовной ответственности по обвинительному приговору суда. Дано объяснение тому, почему лицо не признается виновным в совершении преступления в случае прекращения в отношении его уголовного дела (уголовного преследования) по нереабилитирующим основаниям. Сделаны выводы о полном соответствии действующих процессуальных норм, определяющих порядок освобождения от уголовной ответственности, ст. 49 Конституции РФ, и о необходимости сохранения корреспондирующего данным нормам уголовно-правового института. Область применения: рекомендуется для научных и практических работников. ; Introduction. The paper studies the problem of legitimacy of norms, regulating release from criminal liability and determining a procedural form of implementation of such release. Purpose of this investigation is to check out the norms regulating release from criminal liability as well as enshrining a procedural form of such release in the context of compliance with the principle of presumption of innocence. The investigation is intended to establish if it is necessary to keep that institute in the current legislation. Methods. The study is a multimethod research. The knowledge of different branches of legal science is used during the investigation. Results. It is shown that release from criminal liability is a constantly developing legal institute. It is p roved that it is predetermined by the importance of this measure of criminal-legal nature for the solution of problems enshrined in clause 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The opinions of scientists, who suppose that the institute of release from criminal liability and rules designed to regulate its procedural form conflict with the principle of presumption of innocence, are analyzed. It has been found that the essence of release from criminal liability is deliverance of the person committed a crime from conviction for the commission of a crime. It is proved thereupon that the person can't be immune from criminal liability under sentence. The explanation for why a person doesn't plead guilty to a crime in case of the termination of criminal case (prosecution) on not rehabilitating grounds is offered. Conclusion. It is concluded that procedural rules, determining the order of release from criminal liability, fully conform to clause 49 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. A conclusion is also made that there is a need to keep the institute corresponding with these rules. Field of application. The study is recommended for scientists and practitioners.

Die Autorin will in diesem Buch erstens bereits bestehende gerichtsethnographische Methoden für eine Humangeographie fruchtbar machen, die an Recht und seinen multiplen Wechselwirkungen im Sinne von Subjektkonstitutionen und Produktionsweisen gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheit interessiert ist. Hierfür schlägt sie ein methodisch-methodologisches Instrumentarium vor, das geeignet scheint, den spezifischen Besonderheiten des empirischen Forschens im Gericht Rechnung zu tragen. Zweitens geht es ihr um eine konzeptionelle Ausdehnung politisch-geographisch informierter Ansätze und konkret um eine sinnvolle Ergänzung und Erweiterung bereits bestehender politisch-geographischer Untersuchungen aus dem Bereich der Kriminalgeographien um die Komponente der Logiken und Praktiken machtvoller Institutionen im Sinne einer study-up power Forschung. Dies systematisiert und konkretisiert sie am Beispiel eigener Feldforschungen an Amts-, Landes- und Oberlandesgerichten in Celle, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Köln, Frankfurt, München und Stuttgart-Stammheim. So gelingt ihr eine dichte Ethnographie staatlichen Handelns und Bewertens von strafrechtlich relevanten Gegenständen und Personen an der für die Geographie spannenden Schnittstelle der Terrorismusbekämpfung, Kriminalitätskartierung, Migrations- und Fluchtbewegungen und Materialtransporten, die durch den EU-Schengenraum und bis in das (ehemalige) Kalifat des 'Islamischen Staates' reichen.