Suchergebnisse

AbstractThus, there is not a single factor that leads to drop out, but a set of causes that may be linked to individual, social and institutional issues. As in most Brazilian universities, the Federal University of Viçosa has been suffering from problems related to the permanence of students, mainly in Licentiate degree courses. This study aimed to verify the main determinants for dropping out in the first year of Licentiate degree at the Federal University of Viçosa between 2010 and 2016. Therefore, we used the Logit multilevel methodology in three levels, student, Licentiate degree courses (UFV) and time. The variables that most significantly impact the drop out probability are academic performance, student participation in research, quota in modality 3 (candidates who attended high school in Brazil public schools, self-declared blacks, brown or indigenous people, independent of family income), if the student receives help, stock of human capital, teaching experience, teacher qualification and crisis. That is, they are issues related to the proximity between institution and student, indicating that during this period, which is the first year of the course, the university has a significant role in ensuring student permanence, adaptation and also its good performance. Keywords: Drop out. Higher Education. Logit Multilevel. ResumoPercebe-se que não existe um único fator capaz de produzir evasão, mas um conjunto de causas que podem estar ligadas a questões individuais, sociais e institucionais. Assim como na maioria das universidades brasileiras, uma instituição que vem sofrendo com problemas relacionados à permanência dos alunos, principalmente, nos cursos de licenciatura, é a Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar os principais determinantes da evasão no primeiro ano de estudantes de cursos de Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, entre 2010 e 2016. Para esse fim, foi utilizada a metodologia de Logit multinível, em três níveis, ou seja, aluno, cursos de licenciaturas (UFV) e tempo. Nota-se que, as variáveis que mais impactam significativamente a probabilidade de evasão são os rendimentos acadêmicos, a participação discente em pesquisa, a cota na modalidade 3 (candidatos que cursaram o ensino médio integralmente em escolas públicas brasileiras, autodeclarados pretos, pardos ou indígenas, independente da renda familiar), se o aluno recebe auxílio, estoque de capital humano, experiência docente, qualificação do docente e crise. Ou seja, são questões relacionadas a proximidade entre instituição e aluno, indicando que nesse período que é o primeiro ano de curso, a universidade possui um papel significativo para garantir a permanência do aluno, adaptação e também seu bom desempenho. Palavras-chave: Evasão. Ensino Superior. Logit Multinível.

ResumoO controle postural é um requisito imprescindível para a execução das habilidades motoras durante as atividades de vida diária, logo, há a necessidade constante de ajuste dos segmentos corporais para garantir a autonomia e a independência da mobilidade humana. Os ajustes posturais são resultantes da interação do sistema sensório-motor e da sua correlação com o meio ambiente, produzindo orientação e estabilidade postural esperada durante a execução das atividades, sendo essa estática ou dinâmica. Deste modo, o objetivo do estudo foi apresentar os impactos funcionais ocorridos durante a posição de pé parada ou em movimento em superfície de inclinada, principalmente, entre os idosos. O estudo se fundamentou na revisão bibliográfica, no período temporal de 2006 a 2016, por meio da análise das bases de dados em Pubmed, Ebsco, SciELO, Medline e Lilacs, com a utilização dos termos: Plataforma de força, plano inclinado, plano horizontal e comportamento do centro de pressão. Os resultados apontaram que as situações rotineiras do dia a dia, realizadas em superfícies inclinadas, como um mero ato de subir ou até ficar parado em uma ladeira, pode ser um preditor ambiental para instabilidade postural, tornando-se necessário a reavaliação do olhar da intervenção terapêutica meramente clínica, passando a ampliar para as circunstâncias vinculadas com as questões da acessibilidade urbana. Palavras chaves: Plataforma de Força. Plano Horizontal. Comportamento do Centro de Pressão. Abstract Postural control is an essential requirement for the performance of motor skills during daily living activities, so there is a constant need to adjust body segments to guarantee the autonomy and independence of human mobility. Postural adjustments result from the interaction of the sensorimotor system and their correlation with the environment, producing orientation and postural stability expected during the execution of the activities, being static or dynamic. Thus, the objective of the study was to present the functional impacts occurred during standing or moving position on inclined surface, mainly among the elderly. The study was based on the bibliographic review, in the period from 2006 to 2016, through the analysis of databases in Pubmed, Ebsco, SciELO, Medline and Lilacs, using the terms Force platform, inclined plane, horizontal plane and pressure center behavior. The results showed that routine everyday situations on inclined surfaces, such as a mere act of climbing or even standing on a slope, may be an environmental predictor for postural instability, making it necessary to re-evaluate the clinical intervention, starting to extend the issues of urban accessibility to the related circumstances. Keywords: Force Platform. Horizontal Plane. Pressure Center Behavior.

Plastic products contain ingredients that can harm human health, but these products are often used as food packaging. This article discusses the issue of consumer protection against the activities of businesses that use plastic products as food packaging and the government's role in supervising the use of plastic products for this purpose. This article is compiled based on juridical-normative literature studies, meaning that data is sourced from literature (secondary data) relating to consumer protection, both from the results of previous studies that are associated with statutory provisions. From the data analysis it can be concluded that businesses have violated the legal provisions of consumer protection because they use dangerous plastic products as food packaging. To minimize this adverse behavior, the government must provide information to consumers and businessman about the use of plastic packaging and supervise the use of plastic products by businessman. In addition, the government needs to require businesses to include symbols, triangle codes, and information on types of plastic used in places that are easily seen and read by consumers. Thus, consumers know clearly whether the plastic used is dangerous or harmless to package food products so that they make a decision to buy or not buy the intended product. ; Produk plastik mengandung bahan yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia, namun produk ini sering digunakan sebagai kemasan pangan. Artikel ini membahas masalah perlindungan konsumen terhadap kegiatan pelaku usaha yang menggunakan produk plastik sebagai kemasan pangan dan peran pemerintah dalam mengawasi penggunaan produk plastik untuk tujuan tersebut. Artikel ini disusun berdasarkan studi kepustakaan yang bersifat yuridis-normatif, artinya data bersumber dari bahan kepustakaan (data sekunder) yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan konsumen, baik dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya maupun sumber kepustakaan lainnya kemudian dikaitkan dengan ketentuanperundang-undangan. Dari analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaku usaha ada yang melanggar ketentuan hukum perlindungan konsumen karena menggunakan produk plastik berbahaya sebagai kemasan pangan. Untuk meminimalisasi perilaku yang kurang baik ini, pemerintah harus memberikanpenyuluhan kepada konsumen dan pelaku usaha tentang penggunaan kemasan plastik serta mengawasi penggunaan produk plastik oleh pelaku usaha. Di samping itu, pemerintah perlu mewajibkan pelaku usaha untuk mencantumkan simbol, kode segitiga, dan keterangan jenis plastik yang digunakan di tempat yang mudah dilihat dan dibaca oleh konsumen. Dengan demikian, konsumen mengetahui dengan jelas apakah plastik yang dipakai berbahaya atau tidak berbahaya untuk mengemas produk pangan sehingga mereka mengambil keputusan untuk membeli atau tidak membeli produk dimaksud secarasadar.

Objetiva-se comparar o estado da legislação brasileira sobre mapeamento genético com o de legislações internacionais visando dimensionar a realidade normativa do país quanto às tendências sociais de reconhecimento das diferenças e a abertura jurídica prospectiva, com foco na área laboral. Trata-se de revisão de literatura e pesquisa documental sobre o diálogo entre bioética, medicina do trabalho e genética, que têm a dignidade humana como ponto em comum. Concluiu-se que se tende a admitir o mapeamento genético de trabalhadores para pesquisa e prevenção do adoecimento, inferindo-se, dado seu referencial comum e de acordo com a perspectiva culturalista do Código Civil, que essa possibilidade se estende à identificação genética de habilidades do trabalhador para o exercício de atividades. ; This work aims to verify the status of Brazilian legislation on genetic mapping, focusing on the occupational sphere, in comparison to international legislation, to assess the country's normative reality regarding social trends related to the recognition of differences and prospective legal opening. This is a review of literature and documents regarding the dialogue between bioethics, occupational medicine and genetics, taking into account that they have human dignity as a common ground. It was concluded that there is a tendency to accept the genetic mapping of workers for research and prevention of illness. Given their common reference and in accordance with the culturalist perspective of the Civil Code, it is inferred that this possibility extends to the genetic identification of workers' skills for the exercise of their duties. ; El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar el estado de la legislación brasileña sobre mapeo genético en relación con el de las legislaciones internacionales, buscando dimensionar la realidad normativa del país ante las tendencias sociales de reconocimiento de las diferencias y la apertura jurídica prospectiva, con foco en el área laboral. Se trata de una revisión de la literatura y de una investigación documental sobre el diálogo entre bioética, medicina del trabajo y genética, considerando que tienen a la dignidad humana como punto en común. Se concluyó que se tiende a admitir el mapeo genético de los trabajadores para la investigación y prevención de enfermedades, infiriéndose, dada su referencia común y de acuerdo con la perspectiva culturalista del Código Civil, que esta posibilidad se extiende a la identificación genética de habilidades del trabajador para para el ejercicio de actividades.

David Hume and Simone de Beauvoir agree that human beings have a great deal of control over their moral and political lives, which is well captured in Hume's assertion that "mankind is an inventive species". But Hume argues that the most important thing needed to settle our social lives and determine justice is the agreement on rules of property, while Beauvoir thinks that the rules of property will never be enough to establish the best life, but rather that we should be focusing on freedom. In this article we reconstruct Hume's argument for property, then develop a Beauvoirian critique of Hume that brings out the weakness of any theory of property that does not prevent inequalities of property from interfering with freedom. And then we give the last word to a Humean response to Beauvoir that would insist that there can be no freedom but only violence without rules of property, which she ignores. Both thinkers appeal to humanity as an overriding goal, and perhaps that is the way to reconcile the two: we need both property and freedom to achieve our humanity. ; David Hume y Simone de Beauvoir están de acuerdo en que los seres humanos tienen un grado muy importante de control sobre sus vidas morales y políticas; lo que está muy bien captado en la afirmación de Hume de que "la humanidad es una especie inventiva". Pero Hume argumenta que lo más importante a la hora de constituir nuestras vidas sociales y establecer la justicia es el acuerdo sobre las reglas de la propiedad, mientras que Beauvoir piensa que las reglas de propiedad nunca serán suficientes para establecer la vida mejor, sino que más bien deberíamos centrarnos en la libertad. En este artículo reconstruimos el argumento de Hume a favor de la propiedad, para desarrollar después una crítica basada en la perspectiva de Simone de Beauvoir que saca a la luz la debilidad de cualquier teoría de la propiedad que no evite que las desigualdades de propiedad interfieran con la libertad, Y después damos la última palabra a una respuesta humeana a Beauvoir que insistiría en que no puede haber libertad –sino solo violencia- sin reglas de propiedad, algo que ella ignora. Ambos pensadores recurren a la humanidad como el objetivo predominante, y quizás esta es la forma de reconciliarlos: necesitamos tanto de la propiedad como de la libertad para lograr nuestra humanidad.

ABSTRACTInternal Control System is one of the criteria in giving opinion by the auditing body in Indonesia. Beside that, the government is required to regulated and maintain an Internal Control System within the government as a whole. This study aimed to evaluate the Internal Control System in expenditure of Credit Program Interest Subsidy in Directorate General of Treasury at The Ministry of Finance. In this study, Internal Control System consist of control environment, risk assesssment, control activites, information and communication, and monitoring activities. The Primary data were obtained from questionnaire and interview with financial managers in Credit Program Interest Subsidy in Directorate General of Treasury and official that related in making decisions to make Internal Control System become adequated, while the secondary data were obtained from the reports that associated with Intern Control System and expenditure in Credit Program Interest Subsidy which selected by purposive sampling. The Model was evaluated by Descriptive Analysis and Rating Scale. The Result of this study: (1) From the descriptive analysis has shown that internal control system did not systematic and integrated; (2) Rating scale has shown that the information and communication elements had the lowest value, and indicators human resource guidance from the element of control activities had less value. Keywords: internal control system, interest subsidy expenditure, rating scale ABSTRAKSistem Pengendalian Intern adalah salah satu kriteria dalam pemberian opini yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan. Disamping itu, pemerintah diharuskan untuk mengatur dan menyelenggarakan sistem pengendalian intern di lingkungan pemerintah secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi Sistem Pengendalian Intern belanja subsidi bunga kredit program di Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan Kementerian Keuangan. Dalam penelitian ini, Sistem Pengendalian Intern terdiri atas lingkungan pengendalian, penilaian risiko, kegiatan pengendalian, informasi dan komunikasi, dan pemantauan. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara dengan pengelola keuangan belanja subsidi bunga kredit program di Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan, dan pejabat yang terkait dengan pengambilan keputusan agar sistem pengendalian intern menjadi memadai, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan yang terkait sistem pengendalian intern dan belanja subsidi bunga kredit program yang dipilih secara sengaja (purposive sampling). Model dalam penelitian ini dievaluasi dengan analisis deskriptif dan skala rating (rating scale). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Sistem Pengendalian Intern belanja subsidi bunga kredit program tidak sistematis dan terpadu. Skala Rating menunjukkan bahwa unsur informasi dan komunikasi memiliki nilai terendah diantara unsur yang lain dan sub unsur pembinaan sumber daya manusia dari unsur kegiatan pengendalian memiliki nilai terendah.Kata kunci: sistem pengendalian intern, belanja subsidi bunga, skala rating

Resumen Este artículo es el resultado del trabajo realizado en el marco del Curso de posgrado "Investigación Cualitativa en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas" de la U.N.S.L. En el mismo intentaremos dar cuenta de un proceso de reflexión en torno al abordaje teórico y metodológico de las juventudes en las Ciencias Sociales, valorizando la Investigación Acción Participativa como enfoque crítico que no sólo cuestiona las lógicas de producción de conocimiento positivistas, sino que también se diferencia de los abordajes cualitativos en tanto constituye una herramienta de transformación social y política. De esta manera, nos problematizamos sobre las diversas realidades en las que viven cotidianamente les jóvenes desde una perspectiva crítica.En una primera instancia sentaremos las bases de nuestro posicionamiento en relación al estudio con jóvenes desde una perspectiva relacional y dialéctica, ya que nos permite trabajar desde la complejidad y la multidimensionalidad de la problemática. Asimismo, analizaremos las principales características de las metodologías cualitativas y sus aportes al análisis del mundo social. Finalmente nos aproximaremos a ciertos aportes de la I.A.P al trabajo con juventudes ya que constituye la oportunidad de valorar a les jóvenes como sujetos políticos activos en el proceso investigativo, lo cual habilita procesos de transformación social.Palabras Claves: Jóvenes, IAP, metodologías cualitativas. AbstracThis article is the result of the work done in the frame of the U.N.S.L´s Postgraduate Course "Qualitative Research in Social and Human Sciences". In this we will try to present a reflection process about the theoretical and methodological approach of youth in the Social Sciences, appraising the Participatory Action Research as a critical approach that not only questions the logics of the positivists knowledge production, but also differs from the qualitative approaches while it constitutes a social and political tool transformation. In this way, we problematize ourselves about the several realities which young people lives every day from a critical perspective.At first instance we will lay the foundations of our position in relation to the study with youth from a relational and dialectical perspective, being that allow us to work from the complex and multidimensionality of the problematic. Also we´ll analyze the main characteristics of the qualitative methodology and their contribution to the social world analysis. Finally we approximate to some P.A.R´s contributions to the work with youth as it´s constitute the opportunity to value the young people like active politicians subjects in the investigational process, which enable process of social transformation.Keywords: Young people, PAR, qualitative methodologie

I will hold here a thesis that openly challenges the constitutionalist paradigm defended by Luigi Ferrajoli in Principia Iuris: the thesis asserts that (neo) constitutionalism is pre-modern law. Not only is there a deep structural and functional similarity between pre-modern law and the law of the constitutional state of law but also this similarity indicates that in the law of the constitutional state of law, rather than progress towards a legal system morally superior to the legislative state of law, there is a return to pre-modern law. A return, in other words, to a law deeply hostile to popular self-government, friendly to the government of a judicial elite and, ultimately, functional to a society where genuine equality of human beings moves away from the horizon of our regulatory utopias. ; Sostendré aquí una tesis que desafía abiertamente el paradigma constitucionalista defendido por Luigi Ferrajoli en Principia Iuris: la tesis afirma que el (neo)constitucionalismo es derecho premoderno. No solo hay una profunda semejanza estructural y funcional entre el derecho premoderno y el derecho del estado constitucional de derecho. Esta semejanza nos indica además que en el derecho del estado constitucional de derecho, antes que un progreso hacia un sistema jurídico moralmente superior al estado legislativo de derecho, hay un retorno al derecho premoderno. Un retorno, en otras palabras, a un derecho profundamente hostil al autogobierno popular, amigable con el gobierno de una élite judicial y, en última instancia, funcional a una sociedad donde la genuina igualdad de los seres humanos se aleja en el horizonte de nuestras utopías regulativas. ; Vou manter aqui uma tese que desafia abertamente o paradigma constitucionalista defendido por Luigi Ferrajoli em Principia Iuris: a tese afirma que o (neo) constitucionalismo é o direito pré-moderno. Não apenas existe uma profunda semelhança estrutural e funcional entre o direito pré-moderno e o direito do estado constitucional. Essa semelhança indica que na lei do estado de direito constitucional, em vez de um progresso em direção a um sistema legal moralmente superior ao estado de direito legislativo, há um retorno ao direito pré-moderno. Em outras palavras, um retorno a um direito profundamente hostil ao autogoverno popular, amigável ao governo de uma elite judicial e, finalmente, funcional a uma sociedade onde a genuína igualdade de seres humanos se afasta do horizonte de nossas utopias regulatórias.teórica. Principais conclusões. Tempo verbal no presente.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang kewenangan Notaris dalam mensertifikasi transaksi yang dilakukan secara elektronik dalam Undang Undang Jabatan Notaris yang muncul akibat dari kemajuan teknologi. Pada umumnya, akta otentik yang dibuat dan/atau dihadapan notaris dicetak menggunakan kertas. Namun, dengan perkembangan teknologi administrasi perkantoran sudah mulai tidak menggunakan kertas (paperless). Cyber Notary mempunyai fungsi utama dalam melakukan sertifikasi dan autentifikasi terhadap kegiatan transaksi elektronik. Transaksi Elektronik merupakan perbuatan hukum yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan Komputer, jaringan Komputer, dan/atau media elektronik lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaturan mengenai kewenangan notaris dalam mensertifikasi taransaksi elektronik, Siapa pihak penyelenggara sertifikasi transaksi elektronik kedepannya yang ditawarkan dalam bidang kenotariatan, dan tanggung jawab Ikatan Notaris Indonesia sebagai penyelenggara sertifikasi elektronik terhadap transaksi elektronik. Penelitian hukum ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan sejarah, dan pendekatan konseptual. Tanggungjawab Ikatan Notaris Indonesia sebagai penyelenggara sertifikasi elektronik dapat ikut andil dalam menjaminan keamanan dan hadirnya kepastian hukum guna menjalankan transaksi yang dilakukan secara elektronik oleh para pihak yang melakukannya. Serta menjadikan Ikatan Notaris Indonesia sebagai wadah organisasi yang dapat mengambil peran sebagai suatu cara meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia para notaris agar tidak ketinggalan dalam kemajuan perkembangan teknologi. Abstract: This study examines the authority of the Notary in certifying transactions carried out electronically (Cyber Notary) in the Notary Position Act that arises due to technological advances. In general, authentic deeds are made and/or before a notary printed using paper. However, with the development of office administration technology has begun to use paperless. Cyber Notary has the main function of certifying and authenticating electronic transaction activities. Electronic Transactions are legal actions carried out using a computer, computer network, and/or other electronic media. This legal research is a normative study using a legislative approach, a historical approach, and a conceptual approach. However, it is regulated more clearly and completely based on the Information and Electronic Transaction Law (ITE). Meanwhile, the responsibility of the Indonesian Notary Association as an organizer of electronic certification can take part in guaranteeing security and the presence of legal certainty to carry out transactions carried out electronically by the parties who did it. As well as making the Indonesian Notary Association as a forum for organizations that can take a role as a way to improve the quality of human resources notaries so as not to miss the progress of technological development.

Urban lakes are environments with structural and functional features quite different from common lakes. This study aims to present the main results related to the environmental status of Villa Dalcar lake (33°06'25"S, 64°22'31"W, 7 ha), located in the city of Río Cuarto (Córdoba). In this lake, diverse activities as swimming, boating (including motorboat competitions), recreational and for human consumption fishing, removal of bait fish, research and teaching are usually performed. The lake also provides habitat for at least 16 fish species and other communities. However, there has been a significant conflict about the use of water, landscape contamination, fish mortality and different expressions of the trophic state, which was manifested by periods of clear and turbid waters. Different management measures were implemented to control aquatic macrophytes, such as mechanical removal, biomanipulation with fish using Ctenopharyngodon idella and dredging. The results have been variable depending on: the abundance of cyprinids, the activities developed in the basin and the fluctuations in water volume. The lake is a challenge as far as handling is concerned and the latter depends on a number of environmental, social and even political factors. ; Los lagos urbanos son entornos con características estructurales y funcionales muy diferentes de los lagos en entronos naturales. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los principales resultados relacionados con el estado ambiental del lago Villa Dalcar (33 ° 06'25 "S, 64 ° 22'31" W, 7 ha), ubicado en la ciudad de Río Cuarto (Córdoba). En este lago, se realizan diversas actividades como la natación, la navegación en bote (incluidas las competiciones de lanchas motoras), la pesca recreativa y para el consumo humano, el retiro de peces para cebo, la investigación y la enseñanza. El lago también proporciona hábitat para al menos 16 especies de peces y otras comunidades. Sin embargo, ha habido un conflicto significativo sobre el uso del agua, la contaminación del paisaje, la mortalidad de los peces y las diferentes expresiones del estado trófico, que se manifestó en períodos de aguas claras y turbias. Se implementaron diferentes medidas de manejo para controlar las macrófitas acuáticas, como la remoción mecánica, la biomanipulación con peces utilizando Ctenopharyngodon idella y el dragado. Los resultados han sido variables dependiendo de: la abundancia de ciprínidos, las actividades desarrolladas en la cuenca y las fluctuaciones en el volumen de agua. El lago es un desafío en lo que se refiere al manejo y este último depende de una serie de factores ambientales, sociales e incluso políticos.

More than two thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by water. The oceans and seas host a great amount of species of animals and plants making up ecosystems with a great biodiversity.Moreover, they represent a great of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources for the benefit of the humankind. The underwater robotics represent a solution to solve diverse tasks in underwater environments without the intervention of a human operator. During the last decades, the autonomous underwater vehicles have had a remarkable development and they have been gradually involved in various areas like the scientific, commercial and military ones, facing progressively more challenging operating scenarios. Thanks to the impressive advances developed nowadays in the computational, battery technology, miniaturization electronic systems and navigation sensors fields, the autonomous underwater vehicles have become technological devices with greater capabilities to accomplish autonomous tasks. This make it possible to state new approaches in order to give autonomy (or intelligence) to these vehicles by using processing systems and decision-making algorithms on board, namely controllers. The design of controllers obey tothe application of mathematical techniques and theories to fulfill prescribed operational features for the underwater vehicles when they perform an autonomous task. ; Más de dos terceras partes de la superficie del planeta Tierra están cubiertas de agua, lo cual es vital para la biodiversidad que habita en ella. Además, los mares y los océanos representan una fuente de energías renovables y no renovables para el beneficio de los seres humanos. La robótica submarina, representa una solución para resolver diversas tareas en ambientes subacuáticos sin la intervención de un operador humano. Durante las últimas décadas vehículos submarinos autónomos han sido desarrollados tenido un desarrollo notable. Los vehículos submarinos autónomos se han ido involucrando progresivamente con diversos ámbitos, enfrentando escenarios de operación desafiantes, teniendo aplicaciones científicas, comerciales y militares. Los avances impresionantes desarrollados actualmente en los campos; computacional, de tecnología de baterías, de la miniaturización de sistemas electrónicos y en una gran variedad de sensores de navegación, los vehículos submarinos autónomos se han convertido en dispositivos tecnológicos con mayores capacidades para desarrollar tareas autónomas. Esto permite poder plantear nuevos enfoques para dotar de autonomía (o inteligencia) a estos vehículos utilizando sistemas de procesamiento y toma de decisiones a bordo, llamados controladores. El diseño de los controladores obedece a la aplicación de técnicas y teorías matemáticas para cumplir con características de funcionamiento deseadas que los vehículos submarinos deben tener cuando desarrollan una tarea autónoma

Angola, país Africano, registra perdas consideráveis relacionadas às doenças transmissíveis e às mortes prematuras e evitáveis, principalmente, de mulheres e de crianças, agravadas pela desestruturação da qual o país foi vítima ao longo do conflito armado. No diagnóstico da AIDS, os exames laboratoriais de contagem de células T CD4+, CD8+ e carga viral são usados como parâmetros para monitorar a saúde dos pacientes, que utilizam a terapia antirretroviral e avaliar o momento certo para iniciar ou modificar esta terapia. Estudo desenvolvido com objetivo de analisar exames para HIV/Aids realizados em Hospital Provincial de Lubango, Angola – África. Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo compreendendo o período de janeiro a junho de 2014. Foram analisados 981 resultados de exames com uma média de 163,5 por mês. A idade média obtida foi de 35 anos, com resultados médios de 385,1/mm3 para CD4+ e 1060,0/ mm3 para CD8+. Os itens que apresentaram significância com p<0,01 foram: procedência ambulatorial; menores valores de CD4+ para os homens, com idade de 60 anos ou mais seguido de 30 a 60 anos. O monitoramento de linfócitos T CD4+ apresentou valores baixos na maioria da população que realizou os exames, implicando em indicação de terapia antirretroviral e progressão da patologia com comprometimento da saúde das pessoas analisadas. Palavras-chave: Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida. Gestão de Saúde. Sistema de Saúde. Atendimento Secundário AbstractAngola, an African country, has considerable losses related to communicable diseases and premature and preventable deaths mainly of women and children, aggravated by the destructuring of which the country has been victimized during the armed conflict.The progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) characterized by numerous pathological changes in the cellular immune system. Study designed to analyze tests for HIV / AIDS held in Hospital Provincial laboratory Lubango, Angola - Africa. Descriptive, retrospective study conducted in Hospital Provincial covering the period from January to June 2014. 981 test results were analyzed spread between the months from January to June 2014 with an average of 163.5 per month. The average age obtained was 35 years, with average scores of 385.1 / mm3 for CD4+ and 1060.0 / mm3 for CD8+. The items which were significant highlights are lower CD4+ values for men aged 60 years or more followed 30-60 years; with outpatient origin. Monitoring of CD4+ T lymphocytes are underestimated in most of the population who performed the tests. This involves antiretroviral therapy indication of the pathology affecting the analyzed people's health living with HIV / AIDS . Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Health Management. Health System. Secondary Care.

Since Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) became a global phenomenon in 2012, there has been constant evolution in the way Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) make sense of them. HEIs embracing MOOCs have dedicated a variety of human resource to this venture. Only in a minority of cases, staff have been appointed exclusively to this role. In all other cases, MOOC related tasks have been allocated to professionals who were already performing other educational tasks. This article contains a study that captures the experiences of these professionals in a Spanish university and a British university, as relates to their involvement in MOOCs. Interviews and group sessions were conducted to ascertain the influence of MOOCs in their practice, and in their opinions about the role of MOOCs in their institutions. The results seem to suggest that participants have positive attitudes towards incorporating MOOCs at the university, although they demand a serious bet for this educational approach from the strategic decision makers in the institutions. ; Desde que los Cursos Masivos Abiertos Online (conocidos por sus siglas en inglés, MOOC) se convirtieron en un fenómeno global en 2012, ha habido una evolución constante en la forma en que les dan sentido las Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior (IES). Las IES que optan por los MOOC han dedicado diversos recursos humanos a esta iniciativa. Sólo en un reducido número de casos se ha designado a personal exclusivamente para esta función. En el resto de casos, las tareas relacionadas con los MOOC se han asignado a profesionales que ya estaban realizando otras tareas educativas. Este artículo contiene un estudio que reúne las experiencias de estos profesionales en una universidad española y en otra británica, por lo que respecta a su participación en los MOOC. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas y sesiones grupales para determinar la influencia que tenían los MOOC en su práctica profesional y en sus opiniones acerca del papel que desempeñan los MOOC en sus instituciones. Los resultados parecen sugerir que los participantes tienen actitudes positivas hacia los MOOC en la universidad, si bien exigen una apuesta seria por este planteamiento educativo por parte de quienes adoptan las decisiones estratégicas en las instituciones. ; Work partially funded by the Madrid Regional Government from grant no. S2013/ICE-2715, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project Flexor (TIN2014-52129-R). This research work was made possible thanks to Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and the University of Southampton, U.K.

In recent years, election coverage has deemphasized the substance of politics (content related to issues or policy) to focus on a media logic treatment, as in the case of stories on human interest, conflict, and scandal. The latter has been connected to the increasing commercialism of news media, the printed press in particular; which - besides a constant decrease of readership, high competition from the Internet, and corporate acquisition - has tried to appeal to a less politicized market through that kind of treatment. In order to prove this assumption, we conducted a longitudinal content analysis of the last four Mexican presidential elections (1994, 2000, 2006 and 2012). The aim was to evaluate – on one hand - the presence of thematic meta-frames that represent the political substance, and – on other – the strategic frames, that manifest a media logic in action. The findings pointed out an increase only in the conflict frame, whilst the political process frame was steady across the elections, and higher than the issue frame. Our data does not allow us to establish neither a significant nor linear relationship between an ongoing commercialism of the press and the frames linked to media logic. ; La cobertura de las elecciones ha puesto desde hace varios años menos énfasis en los aspectos sustanciales de la política relativos a los temas públicos o propuestas de política, para resaltar un tratamiento dominado por una lógica mediática, con elementos de interés humano, conflicto y escándalo. Este fenómeno se ha relacionado con la creciente comercialización de los medios informativos y en particular la prensa de referencia, que, sometida a un decremento constante de lectoría, alta competitividad en Internet y acaparamiento de intereses corporativos, ha intentado apelar a mercados de lectores poco politizados a través de dichos tratamientos. Para verificar este supuesto realizamos análisis de contenido longitudinal de las últimas cuatro elecciones presidenciales mexicanas (1994, 2000, 2006 y 2012) utilizando encuadres de tipo temático, que representan el contenido sustancioso, y encuadres de tipo estratégico, que indican la presencia de una lógica mediática. Los hallazgos apuntan al incremento tan sólo del encuadre de conflicto, a la vez que se preserva un encuadre centrado en el proceso electoral antes que en los temas de campaña, de manera que no se constata una relación lineal entre un comercialismo ascendente y los encuadres vinculados con la lógica mediática.

This Research has three objectives; 1) To study the principle and the practical method for making the peace by various religions, 2) To compare the principle and the practical method for making the peace between various religions, 3) To integrate the principle and the practical method for making the peace in various religions. This research is a qualitative study from the document consisting of the primary source, secondary source, and from interviewing the experts who have the mastery knowledge in various religions. The results found in this research are: 1) For the principle and the practical method for making the peace by various religions, they give the significance on the goal of human beings who has a desire to have serenity, safety, and happiness in life without using any violence towards each other. The request or demand to have peace originates from the state of conflict circumstances that has occurred tremendously in different society. Not for the fact that it is the conflict between individuals, conflict between organizations, and up to the conflict between countries. There are fighting a battle till making a war. 2) From the comparison of the principle and the practical method for making the peace between various religions, it was found that religions give value and importance of religion in order to have both the inner peace and the outer peace. However, with the understanding in each religion, it would initiate an adaptation or practice. Then, it would bring the religious teaching to make use for creating peace towards the society in different dimensions by preserving the purity of the teaching. 3) From an integration of the principle and the practical method for making the peace in various religions, it was found that part of the real objective in each religion is the self-reliance without any relying on all outside materials but the inner one. However, there is some reliance which is necessary to health, sanitation or the 4 basic necessities, but it is not for seeking to lead astray the mind to gather more until there is no sufficiency. ; การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ 3 ประการ คือ 1) เพื่อศึกษาหลักการและวิธีปฏิบัติเพื่อการสร้างสันติภาพตามหลักศาสนาต่าง ๆ 2) เพื่อเปรียบเทียบหลักการและวิธีปฏิบัติเพื่อการสร้างสันติภาพระหว่างศาสนาต่าง ๆ 3) เพื่อบูรณาการหลักการและวิธีปฏิบัติเพื่อการสร้างสันติภาพในศาสนาต่างๆ การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพจากเอกสาร ประกอบด้วยข้อมูลปฐมภูมิ ข้อมูลทุติยภูมิ และการสัมภาษณ์ผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิที่มีความรอบรู้เกี่ยวกับศาสนาต่าง ๆ ผลการวิจัย พบว่า 1) หลักการและวิธีปฏิบัติเพื่อการสร้างสันติภาพตามหลักศาสนาต่าง ๆ โดยศาสนาต่างๆ ให้ความสำคัญกับเป้าหมายของมนุษย์ที่มีปรารถนาความสงบปลอดภัย และความสุขในชีวิต โดยไม่ใช้ความรุนแรงต่อกัน ข้อเรียกร้องหรือความต้องการสันติภาพเกิดจากสภาพสถานการณ์ความขัดแย้งที่เกิดปรากฏมีขึ้นมากมายในหลายสังคม ไม่ว่าจะเป็นความขัดแย้งระหว่างบุคคล ความขัดแย้งระหว่างองค์กร และจนถึงความขัดแย้งระหว่างประเทศ มีการรบพุ่งกัน ต่อสู้กันจึงเกิดเป็นสงคราม 2) จากการเปรียบเทียบหลักการและวิธีปฏิบัติเพื่อการสร้างสันติภาพระหว่างศาสนาต่าง ๆ พบว่าศาสนาต่าง ๆ ให้คุณค่าและความสำคัญของศาสนาเพื่อให้เกิดสันติทั้งภายนอกและภายใน แต่อย่างไรก็ตาม การมีความเข้าใจในแต่ละศาสนาจะทำให้เกิดการปรับตัว หรือปฏิบัติ และนำคำสอนทางศาสนามาใช้ให้เกิดสันติสุขต่อสังคมในหลายมิติได้ โดยการดำรงรักษาความบริสุทธิ์ของคำสอนไว้ 3) จากการบูรณาการหลักการและวิธีปฏิบัติเพื่อการสร้างสันติภาพในศาสนาต่าง ๆ พบว่าวัตถุประสงค์แท้จริงส่วนหนึ่งของแต่ละศาสนา คือเพื่อให้พึ่งตนเองได้ โดยไม่ต้องขึ้นต่อวัตถุภายนอกทุกอย่าง หากแต่จะพึ่งวัตถุภายนอกใน อย่างไรก็ตามหากมีการพึ่งพิงในด้านที่จำเป็นคือ ต่อสุขภาพ อนามัย หรือด้านปัจจัย 4 แต่ไม่ใช่แสวงหาเพื่อมอมเมาจิตใจให้เกิดการสะสมจนไม่รู้จักเพียงพอ