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AbstractThis article explores the relationship between employment mobility, family fixity, and gentrification in the lives of 36 residents in and extended commuters to Montreal's southwest borough. Once described as the birthplace of industry in Canada, the neighbourhoods of Saint‐Henri, Little Burgundy and Point Saint‐Charles have undergone sweeping changes in recent decades. Inner‐city areas are not necessarily where one expects to find mobile workers, but this is changing due to shifting gender roles, the rise of dual‐income households and gentrification. Michael Savage's concept of 'elective belonging' proved particularly useful in understanding this connection. With its proximity to childcare, schools, stores and workplaces, the central city permits a more equitable division of labour within the household. Our place‐based approach to mobile work enables us to capture a wide spectrum of experience, ranging from people with extended daily commutes to those whose work takes them away from home for days, weeks or months at a time. Our interviews reveal a connection between employment mobility and family gentrification, as upwardly mobile families find ways to localize other aspects of their lives. The simultaneity of mobility and immobility are often essential, especially in dual‐income households. One parent's mobility often leads to the relative immobility of other family members.

"Our analysis of data from almost 30 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) shows that the economic consequences of divorce are still more negative for women than for men despite increased female labour force participation and, correspondingly, increased numbers of dual earner households. After reviewing recent shifts in the institutional fabric and the social structure of the conservative German welfare state with respect to families and marriage, the empirical analysis investigates the economic consequences of a sample of 844 men and 1,006 women in five dimensions: child custody, support payments, housing, employment, and economic well-being. Change is measured by comparing data from before and after the turn of the millennium. Overall, the analyses show that the economic consequences of divorce are still more negative for women than for men after the turn of the millennium, although female labour participation has increased and the public child care system was expanded. Nevertheless, some signs of change become visible indicating that the gains and losses of marital disruption are not unilaterally distributed among the genders. That men may also depend on incomes of their spouses can be seen for the increasing number of dual earner households. Moreover, after the turn of the millennium, economic dependence on public transfers increased not only for women but also for men." (author's abstract)

"This book recounts the surprising origin story of the "midlife crisis." Before becoming a gendered cliché, the midlife crisis gained traction as a feminist concept with the publication of journalist Gail Sheehy's best-selling Passages: Predictable Crises of Adult Life. Coined by psychoanalyst Elliott Jaques in the 1950s, the term was largely neglected until Sheehy re-invented it as a feminist idea that challenged the double standard of middle age. Widely popular, 'midlife crisis' was subsequently appropriated and redefined as a masculinist concept by psychological and psychiatric experts. Susanne Schmidt's telling reveals the midlife crisis' remarkable role in modern American life: first to valorize the emergence of female breadwinners and dual-income families, then to reassert gender order in times of social change. A must-read"--

The aim of this article is to rethink the analysis of urban life and the practices involving the use of urban space. To that end, we focus on the value that such practices have for social enquiry by employing the concept of domestication, which was originally elaborated by Silverstone in the field of media and technology scholarship. Specifically, the potential value of such usage is to embed practices that produce space in the complexity of the everyday culture of families, and to enable an analysis of urban space in its dual articulation in both public and private culture. A discussion of how the concept has been applied in a study of how parents in a small Italian city include urban space in the domestic sphere offers an empirical substratum to our argument.

There has been little research as yet that examines the citizenship acquisition of marriage migrants in South Korea. As such, this paper investigates the propensity of marriage migrants to seek Korean citizenship using data from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Less than half of marriage migrants have acquired Korean citizenship. The study identified factors facilitating and deterring citizenship acquisition. The factors associated with acquiring Korean citizenship were origin country characteristics (i.e., migrants coming from poor or distant countries and those coming from countries which allow dual citizenship), high ethnic population in Korea and favorable experience in Korea. On the other hand, shorter length of stay in Korea, poor Korean language skills and lower levels of employment and household income were found to deter migrants from acquiring Korean citizenship.

Interest in how individuals cope with uncertainty when scheduling their activities and trips has increased in recent years. While providing many useful concepts and insights, previous work tends to treat individuals as atomised decision-making units. This paper argues that it is imperative to think of persons coping with uncertainty about the duration of activities and trips as agents in wider sociomaterial networks or assemblages, at least in studies of how working parents collect their children from school or day care. A framework for understanding this way of coping with uncertainty is proposed, which foregrounds the practical, material, and situational aspects of space–time behaviour. Aspects of the framework are demonstrated through a small-scale study among dual-earner families in the Utrecht region of the Netherlands.

This paper analyses in practice how educational and occupational choices procedures attempt to let pupils make autonomous decisions. Said otherwise, it studies to which extent the autonomous choice principle is implemented on the field. The institution defines school career decisions as a cooperative procedure (dialogue with the families and individual treatments of pupils' orientation during school board meetings). Yet this theoretical framework is bypassed by some pupils and their family who contest the general principle that their opinion is on equal footing with the one of school professionals when it comes to educational career decisions. We also show that teachers can be torn between their selective role (sorting out whether pupils should go to the general high school or to vocational schools) and the fact that they also want to act as the pupils' spokespersons. Eventually it appears that the imperative to conduct the school counselling procedure as planned is more important to institutional actors than to guarantee a real autonomy in the elaboration of the pupil's project. Adapted from the source document.

Mit der von der Bundesregierung in Auftrag gegebenen Gesamtevaluation ehe- und familienbezogener Leistungen wurden erstmals zentrale Instrumente der deutschen Familienpolitik systematisch und umfassend evaluiert. Dabei wurden folgende familienpolitische Ziele vorgegeben: die Sicherung der wirtschaftlichen Stabilität der Familien, die bessere Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf, die frühe Förderung von Kindern, die Erfüllung von Kinderwünschen und der Nachteilsausgleich zwischen den Familien. Die Gesamtschau der Ergebnisse der Evaluationsstudien des DIW Berlin, ifo und ZEW zeigt, dass primär eine Maßnahme heraussticht, mit der keine familienpolitischen Zielkonflikte verbunden sind. Dies ist die öffentliche Finanzierung der Kindertagesbetreuung. In sie sollte weiter investiert werden - die bisherige Elternbeteiligung sollte zunächst beibehalten und für Verbesserungen der Qualität verwandt werden. Auch das Elterngeld verursacht kaum Zielkonflikte und sollte so weiterentwickelt werden, dass es mehr Anreize für eine partnerschaftliche Arbeitsteilung setzt. Finanzieller Spielraum könnte durch eine Reform des Ehegattensplittings hin zu einem gedeckelten Realsplitting gewonnen werden. Aufgrund relativ schwacher Effekte des Kindergeldes auf die analysierten Ziele sollte von einer Erhöhung dieser Leistung abgesehen werden. ; Commissioned by the Federal Government, the Overall Evaluation of Benefit Payments to Married Couples and Families is the first study to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the key instruments of German family policy. The evaluation focused on the following family-policy goals: securing families' financial stability, better reconciliation of family and career, early support for children, fulfilling the desire to have children, and compensating for inequalities between families. Viewed as a whole, the findings of the evaluation studies conducted by the DIW Berlin, ifo, and ZEW primarily show that one measure stands out as not having any conflicting family-policy objectives - namely public funding of daycare for children. There should be further investment in this measure - current parent participation should be retained initially and used to improve quality. The parental leave benefit (Elterngeld) also cause hardly any goal conflicts and should be developed further in order to provide greater incentives for fair division of labor between the partners. A reform of income splitting within the income tax for married couples toward limited real income splitting (Realsplitting) could help generate more financial scope. Since child benefit has relatively weak effects on the goals analyzed, it should not be increased.

Der Einstieg in die duale Ausbildung ist eine Zeit großer Veränderungen, die viele Jugendliche als herausfordernd wahrnehmen. Wie gelingt es Auszubildenden im Kfz-Mechatronikerhandwerk, ihre Arbeits- und Berufswelt fachlich, sozial und emotional zu erschließen und eine tragfähige berufliche Identität zu entwickeln? In der Dissertation werden die Lern- und Entwicklungsprozesse der Auszubildenden im ersten Lehrjahr untersucht. Auf Basis qualitativer Interviews analysiert die Autorin diesen Übergang als spezifischen Sozialisationsprozess, in dem das intensive Lernen angeregt und ein Wandel in der Identitätsentwicklung angestoßen wird. In ihren Ergebnissen erläutert die Autorin, wie junge Auszubildende am Beginn ihres Berufslebens begleitet und unterstützt werden können, um erfolgreich durch diese Transitionsphase zu gehen.

William III, the main opponent of William III, surrounded himself with a small circle of confidants who played an important role in advising him. The most prominent among these was undoubtedly Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649-1709). This thesis analyses Portland's career within the context of three historiographical debates. The first is the tendency of British historians now to connect the histories of the three British Kingdoms, within an international context. The second is the recent interest in the phenomenon of the favourite as a pivotal figure in 17th century state-building. The third is the argument of British revisionist historians to explain the rise of Britain as a great power from the fundamental changes that swept the British Isles after 1688. The thesis consists of 7 chapters, grouped into three parts. The first part deals with Portland's early career. Chapter 1 deals with the formative years until 1688. The next chapter is a case study, analysing his political, military and diplomatic activities at the eve of the Glorious Revolution. The second part forms the core of the thesis and deals with the period between 1688 and 1697, the climax of his career as an Anglo-Dutch favourite. Chapter 3 analyses Portland's influence at court, the army, the diplomatic service and the Parliament. It also distinguishes his influence in Scotland, Ireland, England and the Dutch Republic. The next chapter deals with Portland's political and military activities during the Nine Years War. Chapter 5 discusses his role in the development of a specific Williamite ideology, and popular and political opposition and criticism of the favourite. The third and last part concentrates on Portland's last years. Chapter 6 looks at the causes for his retirement from active politics in 1699. The last chapter describes his diplomatic activities during the last decade of his life. Conclusions have been drawn on two levels. Firstly, it seems that the estimation of Portland's political role in historiography has been erroneous. Portland was neither a weak favourite to a strong king, nor an almighty favourite. In fact, he started his career in England as a military 'secretary', but increasingly gained influence in other spheres as well, such as parliamentary and financial management. A more general conclusion can be made. Portland's increasing influence in several core spheres of Williamite government forms the key to understanding his role as Anglo-Dutch favourite. The rise of the fiscal-military state as a result of the Nine Years War was a pivotal development. The war required strong government, and in turn led to the rise of Parliament. Portland played an important role in both the army and Parliament. Moreover, the Dual Monarchy of the United Provinces and the British Isles under the King-Stadholder, effectively a composite monarchy at war, required co-ordination, in which Portland played a vital role. Understandably, if the rise of the Anglo-Dutch favourite can be related to the Nine Years War and the Dual Monarchy, the loss of his power was the result of the end of the war and the desintegration of the personal union under William during the late 1690s. The Anglo-Dutch favourite, therefore, was a unique figure related to the specific circumstances that swept the British Isles after 1688, the Nine Years War and the Anglo-Dutch union.

Purpose: Vocational educators in many countries enter teaching as a second career and authentic occupational expertise is seen as essential to good quality VET. The changing contexts of VET and the growing diversity of its learning populations also demand the development of teaching expertise. This dual professionalism is related to a unique combination of an occupational and a teacher identity, however, prior, and mainly qualitative research from a limited number of VET contexts suggests that often one side of this duality prevails. Our study aimed to explore the professional identity of vocational educators in Hungary and to identify some of the factors that might influence its formation.
Methods: We applied a mixed method design, conducting a teacher survey (N=138) and semi-structured interviews (N=12). The quantitative and qualitative strands followed a parallel design, exploring the same topics but identity views and the organisational context were studied more deeply in the interviews. In the survey, we measured professional identity through a direct question about its type as well as questions about the importance of specific goals and teacher competence areas in vocational teaching. We used statistical and thematic analyses to study our quantitative and qualitative data.
Results: Most vocational educators in our study identified as both a teacher and a professional, though the type of identity varied by gender and length of occupational work experience. Perceptions about the main goals in teaching revealed vocation/outcome-focused and student/education-focused goal orientations influenced by gender, qualifications and work experience, while our qualitative data also showed the impact of school culture and the wider socio-economic context. The goal orientations identified in the survey were more balanced for those with a dual identity, and they correlated with perceptions about the importance of different teacher competence areas, which were most influenced by whether or not the educator had obtained a pedagogical qualification.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that although most vocational educators also in Hungary claim to have a dual identity, they often prioritise the development of occupational expertise as they believe it is what gives them credibility that is seen as essential to "good VET". Considering the significant impact we have found of teacher education and continued work in the occupation on identity views, it seems of utmost importance that policy and schools recognise and support the development of both occupational and teacher expertise, to ensure a balanced dual identity that seems best suited for vocational teaching.

Der Beitrag behandelt die Frage: "Was heißt Familie heute?". Unter Berücksichtigung des Wandels verschiedener Familienformen wird die Bedeutung der Familienbildung in der heutigen Zeit näher erläutert und welchen Beitrag sie zum täglichen Leben leistet. Zukünftige Entwicklungen der Familienbildung werden in einem kurzen Ausblick thematisiert.

"In contrast to the widespread focus on ethnicity in relation to engagement in offending, the question of whether or not processes associated with desistance - that is the cessation and curtailment of offending behaviour - vary by ethnicity has received less attention. This is despite known ethnic differences in factors identified as affecting disengagement from offending, such as employment, place of residence, religious affiliation and family structure, providing good reasons for believing differences would exist. This book seeks to address this oversight. Using data obtained from in-depth qualitative interviews it investigates the processes associated with desistance from crime among offenders drawn from some of the principal minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. Cultures of Desistance explores how structural (families, friends, peer groups, employment, social capital) and cultural (religion, values, recognition) ethnic differences affected the environment in which their desistance took place. For Indians and Bangladeshis, desistance was characterised as a collective experience involving their families actively intervening in their lives. In contrast, Black and dual heritage offenders' desistance was a much more individualistic endeavour. The book suggests a need for a research agenda and justice policy that are sensitive to desisters' structural location, and for a wider culture which promotes and supports desisters' efforts"--EBL

This article presents a narrative inquiry of a Chinese heritage mother to theorize and explicate how historical, relational, and spatial processes impacted her negotiation with power and agency in relation to her own heritage language (HL) identity development. A narrative approach enables us to draw on participant counter-stories against master narratives that erase experiences of marginalization of Asians in Asian language education in the United States. We do this through a model of HL identity development (Zhou & Liu, 2022) supplemented by an AsianCrit lens (Iftikar & Museus, 2018). We show the importance of normalizing Chinese as a HL outside of the home in terms of language maintenance as well as the impact such normalization has on the development of an affirmative Chinese HL identity. We add that spaces for such identity development are deeply associated with language programs like dual language bilingual education (DLBE), especially as the number of DLBE opportunities grow in number and in popularity. Thus, language programs, including DLBE, have a responsibility to ensure that the language education they provide address the interests and investments of families with respect to their HL in order to decenter a primary focus on the interests of ethnolinguistic majoritized families.