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This item is part of the Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements (PRISM) digital collection, a collaborative initiative between Florida Atlantic University and University of Central Florida in the Publication of Archival, Library & Museum Materials (PALMM).

This chapter aims at assessing the impact of the European integration on the political institutions of federal Belgium. Over the last 50 years, Belgian federal political institutions witnessed, in parallel, a pooling of their sovereignty to the EU level and a process of decentralization at the domestic level. Indeed, in EU federal Member States like Belgium, while some competences are highly Europeanized - e.g. agriculture, environment - they are, at the same time, regionalized or shared between the regional and national governance levels. This situation raises numerous questions, among which how are regional and national institutions in federal countries shaped by the multi-level setting in which they operate? Against this background, the chapter tackles the following question: how does Europeanization affects Belgian federal political institutions? In particular, the chapter analyses and compares the direct and indirect consequences of the European integration on both executive (i.e. government and their administration) and legislative (i.e. regional and national parliaments) institutions. It discusses whether acting within a multi-level setting triggers, on the one hand, a rise of the degree of centralization and cooperation between political institutions or, on the other hand, whether it stimulates pressure for more decentralization. In fine, the chapter contributes to the literature on the differentiated impact of European integration as well as on federal studies.

This chapter aims at assessing the impact of the European integration on the political institutions of federal Belgium. Over the last 50 years, Belgian federal political institutions witnessed, in parallel, a pooling of their sovereignty to the EU level and a process of decentralization at the domestic level. Indeed, in EU federal Member States like Belgium, while some competences are highly Europeanized - e.g. agriculture, environment - they are, at the same time, regionalized or shared between the regional and national governance levels. This situation raises numerous questions, among which how are regional and national institutions in federal countries shaped by the multi-level setting in which they operate? Against this background, the chapter tackles the following question: how does Europeanization affects Belgian federal political institutions? In particular, the chapter analyses and compares the direct and indirect consequences of the European integration on both executive (i.e. government and their administration) and legislative (i.e. regional and national parliaments) institutions. It discusses whether acting within a multi-level setting triggers, on the one hand, a rise of the degree of centralization and cooperation between political institutions or, on the other hand, whether it stimulates pressure for more decentralization. In fine, the chapter contributes to the literature on the differentiated impact of European integration as well as on federal studies.

Our analysis of the Russian legislation shows that there are no special rules on circular migration. At the moment migration legislation does not contain provisions which facilitate back-and-forth mobility of the migrants. Moreover, Russian rules are not flexible in terms of work and residence permits. Absence from Russia for more than 6 months means grounds to refuse or to revoke work or residence permits. At the moment Russian legislators are seeking ways to create the most favorable rules for migrants who want to come to Russia for temporary labor activity on a regular basis. The Concept of the State Migration Policy of the Russian Federation for the Period to 2025 shows the direction of Russian legislation in this sphere. Thus, it is possible to suppose that the concept of circular migration will be developed in the framework of the Russian legislation over the medium term. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

EU Federalism and Constitutionalism: The Legacy of Altiero Spinelli is the first book-length study devoted not only to how Spinelli's advocacy for a federal Europe shaped European integration but also how Spinelli's ideas are essential to understanding the EU constitutional system today. The volume integrates perspectives from law, history, and political science to offer a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the history, evolution, and future of federal principles and institutions in the European integration process.