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Активное развитие общественных правоотношений влечет за собой необходимость его отражения в уголовном законодательстве Российской Федерации. Одним из важнейших направлений, требующего повышенного внимания остаются отношения в сфере обеспечения безопасности основ конституционного строя РФ. В настоящее время вопрос о совершенствовании уголовного законодательства остается актуальным. В связи с этим данная статья посвящена одной из главнейших задач законодательному структурированию системы Особенной части УК РФ, систематизации критериев выделения преступлений экстремистской направленности относительно объекта уголовноправовой охраны. Автором рассмотрен вопрос о необходимости законодательного решения систематизации преступлений экстремисткой направленности в рамках самостоятельного раздела УК РФ не понижающего "статус", общественную опасность данного преступления и других преступлений экстремисткой направленности ; Active development of public relations entails its reflection in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. Currently, the issue of improving the criminal law remains relevant. In this regard, this article focuses on one of the most important tasks structuring the legislative system of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, ordering criteria for identifying extremist crimes relative to the object of criminal law protection. Author considered necessary and legislative decision ordering the crimes of extremist orientation within a separate section of the Criminal Code which doesn't reducing the status, the social danger of the crime and other crimes of extremist orientation

Анализируются последние законодательные изменения ст. 171 УК РФ «Незаконное предпринимательство». Внесенные в диспозицию данной статьи изменения связаны с повышением эффективности борьбы с незаконным предпринимательством уголовно-правовыми мерами. Между тем, эта проблематика не перестала быть актуальной, ведь результативное применение позволяет сдерживать незаконную предпринимательскую деятельность уже на ранней стадии и обуславливает более высокую степень предупредительного эффекта при совершении преступлений. Проводится анализ некоторых точек зрения на совершенствование уголовного законодательства, предусматривающего ответственность за незаконное предпринимательство. Рассмотрены специальные основания освобождения от уголовной ответственности за преступление, предусмотренное ст. 171 УК РФ. ; The author analyzes the latest changes in Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Illegal Entrepreneurship". Changes introduced into this Article's disposition aim at enhancing the efficiency of fighting illegal entrepreneurship through criminal law measures. Meanwhile this problem remains topical as effective enforcement of the law allows to restrain illegal entrepreneurship already at an early stage and offers a higher degree of crime prevention. The author analyzes some opinions regarding the improvement of criminal legislation that stipulates liability for illegal entrepreneurship. The author also examines special grounds for exemption from criminal liability for the crime stipulated by Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

This article draws on our recently published evaluation of HMP Wolds, the first contracted‐out prison in the United Kingdom. The authors argue that prison privatisation in England and Wales was a direct consequence of the increase in the remand population in the 1980s and the deteriorating conditions of their custody; that the response of Group 4 in designing a regime for Wolds was directly influenced by their awareness of the remand status of the prisoners they were to manage; that some of the problems that emerged in the first year of Wolds stemmed directly from the particular circumstances of remand prisoners; and that Wolds'response to these problems resulted in regime modifications relying on more traditional approaches, compromising Wolds'original ethos and resulting in convergence with the public‐sector prisons. In addition, the authors argue that these changes reflected a response to the social status shared by all prisoners rather than the legal status which is unique to remand prisoners and this, arguably, has contributed towards a deterioration in the standards that Wolds initially offered to remand prisoners.

Abstract: This article attempts to deal with the problems related to the presence of ethniccultural minority groups within a predominantly white Dutch society. Even though rightextremism has not as yet reached the level of support it has in some other countries, in the Netherlands there seems to be a growing tendency towards discrimination and racism. In this respect it seems of great importance to try and find ways to turn these developments round. Two ways are discussed here which might contribute to a more positive development. On the one hand it is argued that more room for different kind of cultures, also within the legal culture, could result in a better understanding and acceptance of different cultural groups within society. On the other hand the question is posed whether or not a political party that does not show any respect for important material features of democracy (including minority rights) and intentionally tries to disturb the public order and aims at destroying democracy itself, should ultimately be banned from the political platform.

Minnesota's sentencing reform took place many years ago but its evolution continues. It is not possible for any sentencing system to remain static in the highly political and emotionally charged arena of crime. Goals and principles that were considered firmly established when the Sentencing Guidelines first went into effect have been reordered and expanded, practitioners have cut through the hard edges of the policies and softened their impact, and specific sentencing policies have moved in the direction of harsher penalties for violent and career criminals and drug dealers. While political and practical forces continue to evolve the sentencing guidelines policy, it is the structure itself that provides the essential rational framework for decision making. This article examines some of the forces of change in Minnesota and illustrates how the structure of sentencing guidelines, nevertheless, has managed to retain a rational sentencing policy.

The author considers the questions relating to the formation of lawyers' professional traits from the point of view of the significance which human capital and investment in this capital hold in contemporary times. It follows from the analyses, which were carried out, that the dire need for taking up actions with the aim to shape lawyers appears one of the most vital tasks. This requires taking into account visible trends in the changing job market. Another aspect results from the need for multilevel qualifications and conditions behind lawyers' actions and their decisions. Thus, colleges of higher education which educate prospective lawyers, as well as lawyers' corporations, are confronted by challenges of forming, in young people, features that are indispensable for them to be valuable lawyers and not only executors of simple activities. The author points to the fact that lawyers need shaping because, among others, during their whole social lives and realization of professional tasks their personality traits and potential related to communication will constantly manifest through accepting and following or rejecting and opposing values, principles, reflexions, empathy, sensitivity, the farthest-fetched imagination, objectivism, cooperation, dialogue, distancing themselves from political disputes, etc. Students of the art of law should be characterized by a changed mentality, new vision of law – service to man, and realization of standards of law, as well as perception of the importance of knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences.

In this complex future that is predicted for us, not only will we be able to be surpassed in our intellectual or physical capacities, incorporating an enormous technological apparatus into our environment and our own body, but we will be able to improve ourselves, and even before we are born, intervening directly on the embryo. The nature of the human is called into question, above all, when we alter it in its own essence, not only in its environment, and, furthermore, from its own beginning. It is, therefore, a substantial disruption and alteration ad intra of the human being, not ad extra, as occurs with technology, even though it also obviously has many effects within it. The changes that derive from Biotechnology and, specifically, from genomic editing, on the one hand, offer enormous potential to develop new concepts, methods and novel applications for the urgent challenges and needs of society. On the other hand, such biotechnologies are perceived as having the potential to challenge and, at times, blur the attitudes, values and cultural models of society itself. Obviously, the Law cannot be alien to such a challenge in view of the values, interests and rights in conflict. If the question that we must ask ourselves again is what is man or what is human nature, the Law must also offer answers that allow giving a contemporary legal meaning to such essence, questions that connect directly with the legal concept of dignity itself, not only as an ontological value of the human being, but also, taking into account the explicit terms of article 10.1 of our Constitution, as the foundation of political order and social peace. ; En este complejo futuro que se nos predice, no solo se nos podrá superar en nuestras capacidades intelectuales o físicas, incorporando a nuestro entorno y a nuestro propio cuerpo un ingente aparataje tecnológico, sino que se nos podrá mejorar, y ello, incluso, antes de nacer, interviniendo directamente sobre el embrión. La naturaleza de lo humano se pone en cuestión, sobre todo, cuando la ...

This contribution intends to analyze the ruling of the CJEU in the Gavanozov II case. The Court ruled that Member States that do not have legal remedies available against European Investigation Orders are precluded from issuing EIOs altogether. The Gavanozov II decision is the first time that the CJEU de facto suspends the use of a mutual recognition instrument in the field of cooperation in criminal matters due to noncompliance with EU fundamental rights. It deals with two issues that lie at the heart of criminal cooperation in the EU: On the one hand, the relationship between mutual recognition and mutual trust and on the other hand, the position of the individual in transnational proceedings and the effective protection of their rights.

The article presents the peculiarities of using lustration as a particular procedure for bringing a judge to legal responsibility. It is established that the exceptions of lustration of a judge, as a specific procedure for getting him/her to a legal obligation in Ukraine, are regulated by the provisions of particular regulations and documents. Lustration is a set of legal and political measures aimed at neutralising the consequences and actions of the previous regime, which threaten fundamental human rights and the democratisation process in general. It is proved that the lustration procedure in Ukraine quickly gained popularity in the context of public distrust to the criminal and corrupt justice system in the period from November 2013 to February 2014, the main initiators of which were public organisations. It is determined that the process of organising the procedure of inspection of judges is directly entrusted to the chairman of the court, where the accused judge, who is under review, holds a position and performs official duties. It is established that lustration as a particular type of responsibility affects the restoration of social justice, as well as the implementation of the functions of protection of democracy. It was found that the prospect of further research in this area is to study other types of special procedures for bringing judges to justice, which in combination with the lustration procedure will affect the prevention of judges from committing offences. ; У статті представлено особливості застосування люстрації як спеціальної процедури притягнення судді до юридичної відповідальності. Встановлено, що особливості проведення люстрації судді, як спеціальної процедури притягнення судді до юридичної відповідальності в Україні, регулюються положеннями певних нормативно-правових актів і документів. З'ясовано, що люстрація являє собою комплекс юридичних та політичних заходів, які націлені на знешкодження наслідків та дій попереднього режиму, що становить загрозу основоположним правам людини і процесу демократизації в цілому. Доведено, що процедура проведення люстрації в Україні стрімко набула популярності в умовах недовіри суспільства до кримінальної та корумпованої системи правосуддя в період листопада 2013 року по лютий 2014 року, головними ініціаторами якої стали громадські організації. Визначено, що процес організування процедури проведення перевірки суддів безпосередньо покладений на голову суду, де обвинувачений суддя, щодо якого проводять перевірку, обіймає посаду та виконує службові обов'язки. Встановлено, що люстрація як спеціальний вид відповідальності впливає на відновлення соціальної справедливості, а також на реалізацію функцій захисту демократії. З'ясовано, що перспективою подальших досліджень у цьому напрямі є дослідження інших видів спеціальних процедур притягнення суддів до юридичної відповідальності, які у комплексі спільно із процедурою люстрації впливатимуть на перешкоджання суддям вчиняти правопорушення.

'This paper examines whether the European Court of Justice (ECJ), even in the absence of explicit competences, could play a role in the creation of a European Union policy promoting the protection of minorities and thus preventing their social exclusion. Comparison is made with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) because of the cross-fertilisation between the two Courts. The author argues that there is a conspicuous absence in ECJ jurisprudence on the rights of minorities to their culture and identity, whereas the jurisprudence of the ECtHR in this regard is progressive. In contrast, the ECJ takes the fore when it comes to the protection of the linguistic rights of minorities. In conclusion, the author argues that the ECJ is not fit for purpose, but that to speak of a faulty design is taking a step too far.' (author's abstract)

Нравственность оказывает значительное влияние на содержание норм уголовного права. В уголовно-процессуальном законодательстве России имеется ряд статей, в которых установлена ответственность за оставление в опасности и неоказание помощи. ; Morality has significant influence on content of criminal law standards. In procedural criminal legislation of Russia there are articles which establish amenability for abandonment in danger and refusing aid.

Précis. The editors and contributors examine criminality from a biosocial perspective that conceptualizes criminal behavior as part of a continuum of pro/antisocial human responses that may have a common theoretical explanation. The book, divided into four major parts, includes chapters by contributors from the fields of psychiatry, sociology, psychology, criminal justice, genetics, and law.

Das Recht der westafrikanischen Wirtschaftsintegration ist weiter fortgeschritten als das anderer vergleichbarer afrikanischer Integrationssysteme. Gleichzeitig weist es aufgrund seiner sich überlagernden Regelungsschichten eine für afrikanische Integrationssysteme symptomatische Komplexität auf. Die Dissertation analysiert das bisher nur in Ansätzen erschlossene Rechtsgebiet als Mehrebenensystem und würdigt dabei insbesondere dessen tatsächliche Bedeutung. Die Autorin skizziert eine Theorie zur Koordinierung völkerrechtlicher Regime als Lösungsansatz zur Bearbeitung von Normkonflikten in Mehrebenensystemen und wendet sie auf das Recht der westafrikanischen Wirtschaftsintegration an