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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) justifiably emphasizes welfare over participation rights of children for two reasons. First, children are by nature an at-risk population. Second, democratic citizenship rights require a minimal bundle of cognitive and emotional capacity—which may be called "political maturity"—that children, again by nature, lack. However, the CRC goes too far in prioritizing welfare over participation, again for two reasons. First, millions of children have their basic welfare needs met, and second, participation would be useful in cultivating the very political maturity that citizens need. In this article, the author argues that participatory institutions should be designed to further the interests of children, cultivate their political maturity, and mitigate the harm that giving power to the politically immature might cause. The author discusses three institutional designs that might achieve this result (fractional voting, national electoral constituencies, and political spending accounts) and discusses how federalism might also help to implement these designs.

• Summary: This article advances a basic model for cross-cultural social work teaching linked to the use of appropriate cultural methodology that is fundamental to the learning success of Arab social work students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). • Findings: The article's findings are based on qualitative research methodology and makes use of focus groups and narrative case studies. The article explores Arab social work students' perception of receiving education in English in a fourth-year Social Work Practice course presented by a Western, English-speaking social work faculty. It also summarizes the self-reflective experiences of the author who lectured social work at a prominent university in the United Arab Emirates over a period of four years in order to generate some practical guidelines for social work educators on cross-cultural teaching and learning success located in a culture other than their own. • Applications: In this regard, the article also shares some suggestions for teaching social work across cultural barriers in the UAE based on student perceptions and self-reflective experiences of the author.

Moral courage involves the willingness to speak out and do that which is right in the face of forces that would lead a person to act in some other way. In this article the author discusses the CODE acronym she has created to help nurses remember key components for actualizing moral courage. After introducing the virtue of moral courage, the author presents strategies to operationalize moral courage, organizing the discussion around the CODE acronym. "C" represents the courage (moral courage), the willingness to overcome fear and stand up for core values. The "O" reminds nurses of their obligation to adhere to the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses, which delineates nurses' ethical responsibilities in a variety of circumstances. The "D" is for danger management, with a focus on developing cognitive strategies and overcoming risk aversion. Because moral courage is essentially an act, the "E" reflects the expression and action component. Assertiveness and negotiation strategies are presented along with clinical examples.

In this article, the author focuses on the speculative literalism and typologism in current scholarship to construct a taken-for-granted view, taking issue especially with many points raised in the literature on the subject that have associated fertility rates in Albania more closely with the existence of patriarchal cultural traits. This leads the author to argue that the specific rationale for the myth of many children, high fertility rates, and complex family structures in Albanian context, as elsewhere in patrilineal societies, is an ideological elaboration of patriarchy. Methodologically, the analysis of the standard view of childbearing, based on standard ethnographic methods, traditional historical sources and aggregate demographic data, is aimed to illustrate the inadequacy of the historical—ethnographic paradigm against the available empirical evidence. In turn, understanding how ideological elements are emphasized in cultural activism should lead, against current scholarship claims, to an understanding of the way in which the urgent need for male children must have been to hide away other more troubling reasons.

Recent years have seen a shift in methodological emphasis from the observable properties of a sample to its unobservable properties, that is, judgments about the process by which the data were generated. Considerations of research design have moved front and center. This article attempts to bridge discussions of experimental and quasi-experimental data and of quantitative and qualitative approaches, so as to provide a unified framework for understanding research design in causal analysis. Specifically, the author argues that all research designs aim to satisfy certain fundamental criteria, applicable across methods and across fields. These criteria are understood as desirable, ceteris paribus, and as matters of degree. The implications of this framework for methodological standards in the social sciences are taken up in the final section of the article. There, the author argues for a best-possible standard of proof that judges overall methodological adequacy in light of other possible research designs that might be applied to a particular research question.

This essay takes as its chief point of departure Jacques Ellul's contention that imaginative treatments of malevolent technology in antitechnological science fiction, by way of inviting rejection, refusal, dismissal, or condemnation, conspire in facilitating human acceptance of and adjustment to technology as it otherwise presently is. The author extends Ellul's argument to accounts of cryonic suspension, or "cryonics," the practice of freezing human corpses, by way of gradually subjecting them, at the moment of legal death, to extremely low temperatures in hopes that medicine will at some future point achieve the necessary kinds and levels of technology to facilitate "reanimation." The author maintains that, analogous to Ellul's treatment of science fiction, most extant accounts of cryonic suspension, by focusing almost exclusively on issues pertaining to the scientific legitimacy and technological feasibility of the practice, fall prey to the performative conventions of a discursive- cum-epistemic trap, one that ultimately works to facilitate the acceptance of and adjustment to technology as it otherwise presently is.

Scholars have questioned whether international migrants from Latin America are able to transfer their levels of education into the U.S. labor market. In this article, the author examines the data from the Latin American Migration Project for Guatemala, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua to observe the ability of each of the immigrant groups to convert prior education into occupational attainments within the U.S. labor market. Results show intercountry differences in the ability of the immigrants to translate educational attainments into occupational outcomes. Nicaraguans are by far the most educated and are much better able to translate home country schooling into highly skilled U.S. occupations. However, findings reveal that Nicaraguans have received more of an occupational benefit from having legal documents. The author argues that in addition to divergent patterns of educational selectivity, the contrasting treatment of Nicaraguans and Mexicans by U.S. immigration law seems to be responsible, at least in part, for their very different positions in the U.S. labor market.

Harry Frankfurt's best-selling book, On Bullshit, asks why there is so much bullshit today in Western cultures, such as the United States. The scope of Frankfurt's charge is deliberately broad; he claims that public discourse about just any topic of consequence in American culture is filled with such unseemly speech and writing. The same can be said, the author of this article claims, about public discourse about sport. The author argues that one especially important reason sports discourse is rife with bullshit today is because it is the language and logic of the market that shapes how most people see, understand, and interpret sports. That money does most of the talking in market societies such as the United States is, of course, old news. What is not exactly old news, however, is that the language of the market is not only insufficiently nuanced to capture and express what it is that people find compelling about subjects such as sports, but it is wholly unsuited for such communicative purposes.

Immigration is a sensitive topic on the American political, social, and economic agenda. Globalization as well as the end of the Cold War have meant that people are on the move worldwide as never before. Millions of people from poor countries migrate to richer ones to provide better lives for themselves and their families through legal and illegal channels. Heated debates surround this subject. A dramatic divide persists between proponents, who equate immigration policy with civil rights, and opponents, who cite the burden of illegal immigration on public education and public welfare systems. The author argues that informal institutions involved in migration processes, such as migrant smuggling networks, explain why the current crisis persists. The role of informal institutions is examined by focusing on those who migrate from Kyrgyzstan to the United States seeking low‐wage labor. The author generalizes how formal and informal institutions interact in the processes of migration and how informal institutions decisively influence immigration‐related policies in the United States.

Why are there fewer Internet users in rural areas than in urban areas? Researchers addressing this question typically focus on the lack of Internet infrastructure and demographic factors in rural areas. Rural areas often lack affordable Internet connectivity and contain relatively high numbers of people who are unlikely to adopt Internet connections at home—specifically the elderly and those without a postsecondary education. Although infrastructure and demographics are undoubtedly important factors, equalizing Internet adoption in rural and urban areas may require more than simply providing infrastructure that is affordable to a population of the right demographic composition. Drawing on the personal network approach and the concept of direct network externality, the author argues that the composition of personal networks in rural areas may hamper general levels of Internet adoption and high-speed Internet connection at home. To examine the empirical validity of this argument, the author conducted descriptive and multivariate analyses on data collected from a random-digit dial survey of 2,200 American adults.

While a growing body of research argues for increased attention to ethics within public administration, scholars diverge on how to conceptualize the character of public ethics. Likewise, empirical evidence regarding the role that ethics plays in the quality of service delivery is rare. The author argues that the concept of a public ethics of care is useful for public administration in welfare states. She examines the idea empirically through a large‐N analysis of frontline bureaucrats within the Swedish Social Insurance Administration. The analysis develops two general measures of a public ethics of care as well as a public ethics of justice. The author proceeds to show a clear presence of an ethics of care in the Swedish public sector. Further, analysis shows that these two ethics measures are supplementary, not contradictory, and that age is the main individual determinant behind ethics of care, strongly correlating with number of years in office. The conclusion underscores how public ethics of care results from acquired experience in fulfilling care‐oriented tasks.

The goal of this paper is to suggest that municipalities can facilitate the central government's ability to carry out its desired policy goals. Using three institutional variables that provide internal evidence for each case, the author argues that within some institutional configurations the center may seek uniformity of outcome by trying to circumvent governors and/or regional intermediation and forge a direct relationship with municipalities. Based on research from the area of social protection policy in Brazil and Argentina, the author suggests that direct national-local collaboration contributed to the ability of the Brazilian central government to bypass governors and evenly spread non-contributory welfare goods across its territory and alleviate poverty. She argues that such policy collaboration is less likely to be institutionally feasible in a federal system like Argentina's, where such equivalent collaboration is impeded by the ability of its provinces to directly capture local units of government and undermine national policy outcomes and executive preferences. (GIGA)

В статье рассматриваются основные проблемы преподавания политологии в вузах. Цель автора заключается в анализе этих проблем и их актуализации не только для образования, но и общества в целом. В основу работы положен Закон РФ «Об образовании» и Приказ от 11.02.2002 г. № 393 «О Концепции модернизации российского образования» на период до 2010 г. Автор основывается на практических результатах своей работы в вузе. Статья предназначена для преподавателей вузов. ; In the article the main problems of Political Science teaching in Higher Schools are considered. The author"s purpose consists in the analysis of problems of Political Science teaching and their actualization both for educational system and for the society in whole. The research work is based on thу Law of the Russian Federation «About formation» and the Order from 11.02.2002, Moscow, N 393 «On the Concept of modernization of the Russian educational system» for the period up to 2010. The author"s opinion is rooted in his work experience in Higher School. The article is written for teachers of Higher Schools.

The article is devoted to the contemporary problems of legal regulation of state (local) planning in Russia. It is mentioned as reasonable to proceed with wide approach to the public planning including not only special planning, but also other types of planning. This approach was supported by soviet administrative scholars and now it is developed in the German legal doctrine. The author stressed in the article that public planning is closely related to the notion of public interest. The author suggests to assess the decisions in the area of public planning by means of principles of proportionality and reality, and those principles should be set in the legislation. In respect of planning of state bodies activity, it would be very helpful to include in the Russian legislation a provision that appropriate organization of the state bodies can not justify any limitation of civil rights and freedoms. The letter position was already formulated in one of the decisions of Constitutional Court of Russian Federation.

The present article is a study of the sofists school, which was really more than a school for the author, it was an intelectual encourage and a pedagogical renovation movement. He evaluates different sources that help to understand one of the most trascendental school of political philosophy. He demostrates that sofists implies more than rethoric as it is known; this school had more implications than we know and the author analyses them. ; El presente artículo hace un estudio sobre la sofística, que fue más que una escuela filosófica; para el autor representó un impulso intelectual y un movimiento de renovación pedagógica. Para su consideración evalúa una serie de fuentes que ayudan a la comprensión de una de las escuelas más trascendentales en la filosofía política. El autor demuestra en este trabajo que la sofística implica más que la retórica por la que es conocida; esta escuela tuvo mayores implicaciones de las que se saben y el autor hace mención de algunas de ellas.