Suchergebnisse

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), as the principal judicial organ of the UN, plays an important role in peaceful resolution of international disputes. Traditionally, relations between Islamic law states, international law, and courts have been relatively tense due to the inherent link between Islamic law and the Islamic faith. Yet, several Islamic law states recognize the ICJ's compulsory and compromissory jurisdiction. This article asks: Why do some Islamic law states extend support to the International Court of Justice, while others turn away from the Court? I argue and empirically demonstrate that specific characteristic of Islamic law can explain variation of Islamic law states' preferences towards the ICJ. After providing original data on the characteristics of Islamic legal structures, I systematically compare pertinent rules of international law and Islamic law, focusing on similarities and differences between the two. Islamic law features such as respect for legal scholarship and peaceful resolution of disputes are compatible with principles embraced by the ICJ. Islamic law states that incorporate these norms are supportive of the Court. In contrast, Islamic law states that directly adopt sharia as the law of the land and incorporate sharia in their education systems are less open to the ICJ's adjudication.

Parmi les événements qui contribuent à la dynamique démographique, les migrations internationales sont les plus difficiles à appréhender. La plupart des pays du monde ne disposent pas d'instruments permettant de produire des statistiques régulières. D'un pays à l'autre, les définitions et les méthodes de mesure peuvent varier. Depuis le début des années 2000, les organisations internationales, comme les Nations Unies ou l'Union européenne, promeuvent des approches plus standardisées qui permettent de réaliser des comparaisons. Quel que soit l'indicateur retenu, la France apparaît en Europe de l'Ouest comme l'un des pays où l'immigration est la plus faible.

Die Bedeutung von Status und Statusansprüchen nimmt in der internationalen Politik immer weiter zu. Eine hohe Position innerhalb der internationalen Hierarchie scheint für Staaten immer wichtiger zu werden. Eine noch offene Frage dabei ist, wie ein Staat seinen Aufstieg in der internationalen Statushierarchie umsetzt und welche politischen Mittel er dafür einsetzt. Dieser Lücke widmet sich die Autorin durch eine Weiterentwicklung der bisherigen theoretischen Angebote der Statusliteratur in der Politikwissenschaft. Sie entwickelt ein eigenes Analyseraster, mit dem sich das Statusstreben eines einzelnen Staates analysieren und nachverfolgen lässt. Diese theoretische Entwicklung wird dann anhand des Statusstrebens des Deutschen Reiches unter der Herrschaft Kaiser Wilhelms II. bis zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs überprüft. Als Fallbespiele dienen die deutsche Flottenrüstungspolitik und die deutsche Außenpolitik im Zusammenhang der beiden Marokkokrisen 1905/06 und 1911. In diesen beiden Politikfeldern versuchte die deutsche Führung besonders intensiv, ihren Statusanspruch als Weltmacht durchzusetzen, da eine große Schlachtflotte und kolonialpolitische Initiativen die damals wertvollsten Statusmarker darstellten.

The right to development can only be fully realized if we take into account the interdependency of States, and if we take seriously the duty to reshape the global environment in which they operate. Such international obligations include both extraterritorial obligations imposed on States as regards their unilateral actions or omissions, insofar as such actions or omissions can affect people or situations outside their territories and/or jurisdiction; and global obligations, which concern States acting collectively in global and regional partnerships. This report clarifies the normative content of these international obligations. It first lists a number of areas directly relevant to the realization of the right to development in which, in recent years, States have achieved a broad consensus, and it notes the advances achieved in general international law to improve the coherence of global governance, by building bridges between the different regimes. It then provides a conceptual framework, emphasizing in particular the status of the obligation of States to cooperate with one another with a view to adopting new international agreements. It then then applies the conceptual framework to six key areas in which the international environment should be improved in order to enable domestic poverty-reduction efforts at domestic level: the management of the foreign debt, which requires in particular that loans take into account the impact of adjustment programmes on the right to development and that States act against vulture funds; the elimination of illicit financial flows, by strengthening the fight against tax evasion and transfer pricing within multinational groups; the improvement of the effectiveness of development cooperation policies; the design of trade and investment policies so as to further the realization of the right to development; and the establishment of universal social protection floors. The report closes, finally, with a proposal to build on the mechanisms established to ensure policy coherence for sustainable development in order to institutionalize the assessment of the extraterritorial human rights impacts of measures adopted by States, as well as of the positions they take in international negotiations.

This e-book includes a number of papers presented in the International Conference of Applied Economics (ICOAE 2009), held at the Conference Centre of the Kastoria Campus of the Technological Institute of Western Macedonia, from 27th to 30th May, 2009. The aim of the conference is to bring together economists from different fields of Applied Economic Research in order to share methods and ideas. The topics covered include (but are not limited to): Applied Macroeconomics, Applied International Economics, Applied Microeconomics including Industrial Organisations, Applied work on International Tra

The competition between the two principal systems of law, Roman law & common law, grows more & more extensive & therefore, becomes a major issue in international relations, in terms of politics, legal actions, & economics. If Roman law is to continue as a model, then the central influence of the US & the predominance of English as international language, which is permeated by the influence of common law, particularly in the financial, commercial, & penal domains, must not be exercised to the detriment of other nations. The final objective is therefore, to preserve all cultures of the world, despite a tendency to uniformity, & to establish a new model of shared international governance. Adapted from the source document.

Although the adoption of Third World children by adults in developed nations may provide families for parentless children, it also exploits women and children in undeveloped countries, both politically and economically. The common practice of treating international adoption as a business has resulted in violations of standards and laws. To deal with this problem, human rights must be protected, community development programs must be expanded, and standards and laws must be strengthened.