Suchergebnisse

Based on a survey of professional and executive civil employees in Wisconsin.

The author examines how immigrant networks and labor segmentation by race and gender facilitate inequality in immigrant-owned restaurants. The author conducted three months of participant observation at an immigrant-owned restaurant and supplemental interviews with 18 workers and owners at similar restaurants in Austin, Texas. Labor segmentation by gender and race resulted in varied degrees of wage inequality, surveillance, and exposure to hazardous working conditions. Also, although ethnic networks among workers offer benefits, embedded in these networks are unwritten rules of obligation, gift giving, and repayment. Shared ethnicity or identity as immigrants did not prevent immigrant owners from exploiting workers of the same ethnicity and other immigrant workers. Ultimately, the author argues that ethnic networks are embedded in the larger economy and context of racial-ethnic hierarchies. This research sheds light on everyday interactions among Asian immigrant restaurant owners and workers. The author highlights how an uncritical focus on the benefits of ethnic networks obscures constraints in social networks.

This article reports on a study of 444 homeless persons in Richmond, Virginia, that examined the relationships among homelessness and gender; current and past problems; and various demographic characteristics. The findings support the general theory that a significant proportion of homeless men and women drift down into their current situation after a history of crime, substance abuse, or mental illness. However, the path that leads to homelessness differs according to gender. Thus, men are likely to become homeless after years of crime and alcohol abuse, whereas women are likely to have taken the path of abusing nonprescription drugs. The implications of these findings for the development of policies and services are discussed from a feminist perspective.