Suchergebnisse

Recent years have seen a gradual shift in focus of international policies from a national and regional perspective to that of cities, a shift which is closely related to the rapid urbanization of developing countries. As revealed in the 2011 Revision of the World Urbanization Prospects published by the United Nations, 51% of the global population (approximately 3.6 billion people) lives in cities. The report predicts that by 2050, the world's urban population will increase by 2.3 billion, making up 68% of the population. The growth of urbanization in the next few decades is expected to primarily come from developing countries, one third of which will be in China and India. With rapid urbanization and the ongoing growth of mega cities, cities must become increasingly resilient and intelligent to cope with numerous challenges and crises like droughts and floods arising from extreme climate, destruction brought by severe natural disasters, and aggregated social contradictions resulting from economic crises. All cities face the urban development dynamics and uncertainties arising from these problems. Under such circumstances, cities are considered the critical path from crisis to prosperity, so scholars and organizations have proposed the construction of "resilient cities." On the one hand, this theory emphasizes cities' defenses and buffering capacity against disasters, crises and uncertainties, as well as recovery after destruction; on the other hand, it highlights the learning capacity of urban systems, identification of opportunities amid challenges, and maintenance of development vitality. Some scholars even believe that urban resilience is a powerful supplement to sustainable development. Hence, resilience assessment has become the latest and most important perspective for evaluating the development and crisis defense capacity of cities. Rather than a general abstract concept, urban resilience is a comprehensive measurement of a city's level of development. The dynamic development of problems is reflected through quantitative indicators and appraisal systems not only from the perspective of academic research, but also governmental policy, so as to scientifically guide development, and measure and compare cities' development levels. Although international scholars have proposed quantitative methods for urban resilience assessment, they are however insufficiently systematic and regionally adaptive for China's current urban development needs. On the basis of comparative study on European and North American resilient city theories, therefore, this paper puts forwards a theoretical framework for resilient city systems consistent with China's national conditions in light of economic development pressure, natural resource depletion, pollution, and other salient development crises in China. The key factors influencing urban resilience are taken into full consideration; expert appraisal is conducted based on the Delphi Method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to design an extensible and updatable resilient city evaluation system which is sufficiently systematic, geographically adaptable, and sustainable for China's current urban development needs. Finally, Changsha is taken as the main case for empirical study on comprehensive evaluation of similar cities in Central China to improve the indicator system.

In Trilogía sucia de La Habana, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez has defied traditional representations of the sexual body in Latin American literature by depicting eroticism as an agent of meditation and multiplication within an environment of deprivation. The author explores the diverse ways in which eroticism is a means by which to deconstruct subjectivity and provide a political critique against social oppression. The narrative is situated within a socialist Cuban context of surveillance during the Special Period and depicts the many acts of survival its citizens engage in on a daily basis amidst an economic crisis where basic products are scarce. With the absence of material goods, as well as certain political freedoms, the characters in the novel manifest their continuous desires by engaging in a hyper-production of eroticism as a source of power. While recounting personal stories of love and sex, the characters meditate on their social condition in addition to their own private desires. Ultimately, in accord with eroticism as a weapon of social change and critique, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez acknowledges the body traditionally dismissed in dominant Western thought and inscribes new representations where it can be beautiful while being impoverished, artistically tormented and imperfect. Subsequently, this paper analyzes hyper-eroticism as a source of reflection and material agency, leading to new inscriptions of erotic potential as a source for social change. ; En Trilogía sucia de La Habana, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez ha desafiado representaciones tradicionales del cuerpo sexualizado en la literatura de América Latina al representar el erotismo como un agente de mediación y multiplicación dentro de un ambiente de privacidad. El escritor explora las diversas formas en las cuales el erotismo es un medio por el cual se deconstruye la subjetividad y provee una crítica política contra la opresión social. La narrativa se sitúa dentro de un contexto socialista cubano de vigilancia durante el Periodo Especial y describe los diversos actos de supervivencia que sus ciudadanos llevan a cabo diariamente al estar dentro de una crisis económica en la que los productos básicos son escasos. Con la ausencia de bienes materiales, al igual que de ciertas libertades políticas, los personajes de la novela manifiestan su continuo deseo al participar en una hiperproducción del erotismo como fuente de poder. Al contar historias personales de amor y sexo, los personajes meditan en su condición social, al igual que en sus propios deseos. De acuerdo con el erotismo como arma de crítica y cambio social, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez reconoce el cuerpo, que tradicionalmente ha sido ignorado en el pensamiento occidental dominante, y le inscribe nuevas representaciones donde puede ser bello al mismo tiempo que empobrecido, artísticamente atormentado e imperfecto. Subsecuentemente, este ensayo analiza el hipererotismo como fuente de reflexión y agencia material, que conlleva a nuevas inscripciones del potencial erótico tal como cambio social.

This volume shares the compilation of 11 articles structured in 4 sections, which include in the first section of Education: 1) Innovations in the training of mathematics teachers for multicultural contexts. In the second section, History and current affairs of URACCAN the articles: 2) Higher, relevant and quality education: inclusion, diversity, human rights and social extension: experience of the intercultural community university; 3) The university and the effectiveness of community development: The promotion of community ownership in the Autonomous Regions of Nicaragua; 4) Experience of the CEIMM in Las Minas: Accompaniment to women in indigenous territories; 5) Impact of accompaniment work and political incidence and social extension, carried out by URACCAN- CEIMM, New Campus in the municipalities of Rama, Muelle de los Bueyes, El Ayote and Bocana de Paiwas, 2010-2013. In the third section: Gender and interculturality the articles: 6) Human rights and current racism in the migrations of Africanity; 7) Towards the articulation of state and indigenous law in cases of violence against women in the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua; 8) Experience of the Center for Attention to Women, Children and Adolescents; 9) Intercultural Communication Policies. A perspective built from URACCAN. In the fourth section: Environment and Natural Resources the articles: 10) Methodology of territorial ordering in the RACCN, a contribution to development with identity; 11) The life improvement approach: An alternative of Japanese extension for rural development in Latin American countries. ; Este volumen comparte la compilación de 11 artículos estructurada en 4 secciones, las cuales compren- den en la primera sección de Educación: 1) Innovaciones en la formación del profesorado de matemáticas para contextos multiculturales. En la segunda sección, Historia y actualidad de URACCAN los artículos: 2) Educación superior, pertinente y de calidad: inclusión, diversidad, derechos humanos y extensión social: experiencia de la universidad comunitaria intercultural; 3) La universidad y la efectividad del desarrollo comunitario: La promoción de la apropiación comunitaria en las Regiones Autónomas de Nicaragua; 4) Experiencia del CEIMM en Las Minas: Acompañamiento a las mujeres en los territorios indígenas; 5) Impacto de trabajo de acompañamiento e incidencia política y extensión social, realizado por URACCAN- CEIMM, Recinto Nueva en los municipios de Rama, Muelle de los Bueyes, El Ayote y Bocana de Paiwas, 2010-2013. En la tercera sección: Género e interculturalidad los artículos: 6) Derechos humanos y actual racismo en las migraciones de la africanidad; 7) Hacia la articulación del derecho estatal e indígena en casos de violencia contra la mujer en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua; 8) Experiencia del Centro de Atención a la Mujer, Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes; 9) Políticas Interculturales de Comunicación. Una perspectiva construida desde URACCAN. En la cuarta sección: Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales los artículos: 10) Metodología de ordenamiento territorial en la RACCN, un aporte al desarrollo con identidad; 11) El enfoque de mejoramiento de vida: Una alternativa de extensión japonesa para el desarrollo rural en países de Latinoamérica.

The article analyzes the innovation activity of technological parks of Ukraine, revealed their nature, characteristics, purpose activities, functions, socio-economic challenges. On the one hand, defined the efficiency of technology parks in Ukraine and their positive innovative developments and, on the other hand, listed the problems of technology parks, stressed the need for substantial government support of innovation and scientific-educational spheres. In the article are given facts of practical absence of government funding of science in Ukraine. To find a way out of the crisis were studied foreign experience of technology parks in Ukraine by the example of American (USA), Europe (UK, Germany, France, etc.) and Asia (Japan, China, India) models of functioning of technology parks, which by state and local support failed to achieve effective and efficient activity and exercise a significant influence on social and economy, scientific and technological development. Within the foreign experience considered Technology Park «Silicon Valley» as the most successful innovative facility in the world and proved the exclusive role of technology parks in regional development. ; В статье проанализировано особенности инновационной деятельности технологических парков Украины, раскрыто их сущность, признаки, цели деятельности, функции, социально-экономические задачи. С одной стороны, определена эффективность функционирования технопарковых структур в Украине, совершенные ими положительные инновационные сдвиги. С другой стороны, перечислено проблемы деятельности отечественных технопарков, отмечена необходимость значительной поддержки со стороны правительства в инновационной и научно-образовательной сферах. Приведены факты практического отсутствия государственного финансирования науки в Украине. Для поиска выхода из кризисной ситуации было исследовано зарубежный опыт деятельности технопарков для Украины на примере американской (США), европейской (Великобритания, Германия, Франция и др.) и азиатской (Япония, Китай, Индия) моделей функционирования технопарков, которые за счет государственной и местной поддержки смогли достичь результативной и эффективной деятельности и осуществляют значительное влияние на социально-экономическое и научно-технологическое развитие страны. В рамках зарубежного опыта исследовано технологический парк «Кремниевая долина» как наиболее успешный инновационный объект в мире. Доказано исключительную роль технопарков в региональном развитии страны. ; У статті проаналізовано особливості інноваційної діяльності технопарків України, розкрито їх сутність, ознаки, мету діяльності, функції, соціально-економічні завдання. З одного боку, визначено ефективність діяльності технопарків в Україні, здійснені ними позитивні інноваційні зрушення. З іншого боку, перераховано проблеми функціонування вітчизняних технопарків, наголошено на необхідності значної підтримки з боку уряду в інноваційній та науково-освітній сферах. Наведено факти практичної відсутності державного фінансування науки в Україні. Для пошуку виходу із кризової ситуації було досліджено зарубіжний досвід діяльності технопарків для України на прикладі американської (США), європейської (Великобританія, Німеччина, Франція та ін.) та азіатської (Японія, Китай, Індія) моделей функціонування технопарків, які шляхом державної та місцевої підтримки змогли досягнути результативної та ефективної діяльності та здійснюють значний вплив на соціально-економічний і науково-технологічний розвиток країни. У рамках зарубіжного досвіду досліджено технологічний парк «Кремнієва долина» як найбільш успішний інноваційний об'єкт у світі. Доведено виключну роль технопарків у регіональному розвитку країни.

Due to their ecological and cultural wealth and diversity many Latin American countries suffer from the exploitation of natural resources and environmental conflicts. These are furthered by many interconnected factors: divergent world views on land and territory and the competitive interests that stem from them (land and nature as livelihood with symbolic meaning vs. land and its resources as commodity), multiple legal systems (legal pluralism), different social relations and equally divergent strategies and technologies to transform nature. In Colombia among other countries, these factors are largely responsible for the emergence and intensification of the unsustainable resource use and the exploitation of natural resources, for example through an increase of extractive activities such as mining and agricultural practices in the style of the green revolution. Both are privileged in the current conventional and neoliberal model of development, with serious destructive consequences for the natural and cultural environment (symbolic, social, economic, political and technological). Strategies to solve the mentioned problems need a critical reflection on the epistemic foundations that represent diverse perspectives on ecology, development and the environment. We assume that higher and environmental education are important aspects, political agents and protagonists for the enforcement of ideologies and interests, and should therefore be diversified to increase political participation and decrease social inequalities. ; Como consecuencia de su riqueza y diversidad ecológica y cultural, muchos países Latinoamericanos sufren de la explotación de sus recursos naturales y de conflictos ambientales. Estos problemas son el resultado de muchos factores interconectados: cosmovisiones divergentes sobre la tierra y el territorio y los intereses competitivos derivados de ellas (la tierra y la naturaleza de la vida con un significado simbólico versus la tierra y sus recursos con un significado de mercancía),múltiples sistemas jurídicos (pluralismo jurídico), distintas relaciones sociales y estrategias y tecnologías divergentes para transformar la naturaleza. En Colombia, entre otros países, estos factores son en gran medida responsables de la emergencia e intensificación del uso insostenible de recursos naturales, por ejemplo, por el aumento de actividades extractivistas como la minería y las prácticas agrícolas al estilo de la revolución verde, ambas privilegiadas en el actual modelo convencional y neoliberal de desarrollo, con graves consecuencias sobre el del medio ambiente, tanto biofísico o natural como cultural (simbólico, social, económico, político y tecnológico). Las estrategias para resolver estos problemas requieren una reflexión crítica del papel de la educación superior y, en particular, de la educación ambiental, junto con sus fundamentos epistémicos que representan diversos planteamientos desde la ecología, el desarrollo y el medio ambiente. Asumimos que la educación superior y ambiental son aspectos claves, agentes políticos y protagonistas para el fortalecimiento de ideologías e intereses que tendrían que ser diversificados para aumentar la participación política y disminuir las desigualdades sociales.

The Third World Cinematheque (C3M) is a phenomenon that has been very little studied in Uruguay. Founded on November 8, 1969, this movement made up of young intellectuals belonging to the 60's generation, sees cinema as part of a political militancy that falls within the coordinates of the Uruguayan left wing. Although was extended for a short period of time (November 1969-July 1974), through its films and the publication of the Cinema of the Third World magazine, it left a mark in the cinema and Uruguayan critics. It will no longer be an idea in the head and a camera in the hand, as Glauber Rocha holds, but a camera in the hand that, like a machine gun, makes the cinema a place of action and political struggle. As time passed, the political cinema, elaborated by the C3M was forgotten due to the political conditions generated by the coup d'état; However, within the framework of Uruguayan cinema, it is relevant to analyze, not only its films but also its theoretical essays, testimonies and analysis about the cinematographic aspects that underlie the institution as well as the New Latin American Cinema. This work aims to discuss the role played by the C3M in the early 70's and the way in which the cinema developed by this collective became part of the country's social and cinematographic memory. ; La Cinemateca del Tercer Mundo (C3M) es un fenómeno que ha sido poco estudiado en el Uruguay. Fundada el 8 de noviembre de 1969, este movimiento, constituido por jóvenes intelectuales pertenecientes a la generación del sesenta, concibe al cine como parte de una militancia política que se inscribe dentro de las coordenadas de la izquierda uruguaya. Si bien la cinemateca se extendió por un breve lapso de tiempo (noviembre de 1969–julio de 1974) dejó, a través de sus filmes y la publicación de la revista Cine del Tercer Mundo, una marca en el cine y la crítica uruguayos.Ya no será una idea en la cabeza y una cámara en la mano, como sostiene Glauber Rocha, sino una cámara en la mano que, a modo de ametralladora, hace del cine un lugar de acción y de lucha política. Con el paso del tiempo el cine político, elaborado por la C3M, quedó en el olvido, producto de las condiciones políticas que generó el golpe de estado; sin embargo en el marco del cine uruguayo se hace relevante analizar, no solo sus filmes, sino sus ensayos teóricos, testimonios y análisis sobre lo cinematográfico que fundamentan la institución así como el Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano. Este trabajo pretende discutir el papel que jugó la C3M a principios de la década del setenta y el modo en que el cine desarrollado por este colectivo pasó a formar parte de la memoria social y cinematográfica del país.

The contemporary ways of watching and punishing are systematically developed until the fact that we can hardly notice them. The exercises of social isolation seem to be functional to the authorized social power institutions. This power is the one that proclaim social discourses about the socio-economic differences, justifying projects about physical and geographical distribution of people who conforms the urban area. Exposed as a indirect punishment, but being public-explicit in the level of the facts, a punitive logic is reproduced in the discourse/s that legitimize certain way of social distribution. Tense discourses about the complexity of this topic also have their treatment in the Latin American film field. In the filmography of Adirley Queirós (1970, Brazil), the narrative focus is developed through the historical problematization of the urban design of Brasilia. Building a particular aesthetic that manages to conjugate the fantastic and documentary about of Ceilandia, the satellite city of the Brazilian capital, Queirós contrasts not only geographic-spatial differences, but also the consequent socio-political implications. To analyze the representations of the cinematographic language that are reformulated in the discussion with respect to the subject, the theory developed by Michel Foucault on Discipline and Punish (1975) and the semiotic contributions of Eliseo Verón will be considered. The representation that Queirós works on physical displacement as punishment is the starting point to think about a political dimension in his filmography. ; Las formas de vigilar y castigar contemporáneas se desarrollan de un modo sistemático casi imperceptible. El ejercicio de desvincular, separar y estigmatizar aparecen como herramientas al servicio de las instituciones de poder social autorizado. Dicho poder pregona discursos acerca de las diferencias socio-económicas, argumentando así una determinada organización físico-geográfica de las personas en el espacio urbano. Expuesta como una penalización legalmente indirecta, pero público-explícita en el plano de los hechos, se reproduce una lógica punitiva en el/los discurso/s que lo legitima/n. Los discursos en tensión acerca de la complejidad de esta temática también tienen su tratamiento en el campo cinematográfico latinoamericano. En la filmografía de Adirley Queirós (1970, Brasil), el foco narrativo se desarrolla a través de la problematización histórica del diseño urbano de Brasilia. Construyendo una estética que logra conjugar lo fantástico y el registro documental de Ceîlandia, la ciudad-periférica de la capital brasileña, Queirós contrapone no sólo las diferencias geográfico-espaciales, sino además la implicancias socio-políticas consecuentes. Para analizar las representaciones del lenguaje cinematográfico que se reformulan en la discusión respecto de la temática se retomará la teoría desarrollada por Michel Foucault sobre Vigilar y Castigar (1975), y los aportes semióticos de Eliseo Verón. La representación que Queirós trabaja sobre el desplazamiento físico como castigo será el punto de partida para pensar la dimensión de lo político en su filmografía.

The United States has faced stagnant postsecondary education degree completion rates for over a decade. When coupled with improved educational outcomes in other nations, the one-time world leader in higher education attainment has precipitously declined in standing internationally. Coupling this reality with the need for a more educated workforce domestically led President Barack Obama to proclaim improving higher education completion rates a national imperative in 2009. Despite input from the federal government, due to the decentralized nature of American postsecondary education, individual states maintain primary responsibility for governance and policy decisions. Consequently, there has been a range of state responses to improving college completion. Through a comparative case analysis, this study considers a putatively homogenous region to investigate state-level factors that "filtered" the national college completion agenda to distinct responses in Georgia, South Carolina, and Texas. ; Estados Unidos se ha enfrentado a tasas de finalización de estudios de educación postsecundaria estancadas durante más de una década. Cuando se combina con mejores resultados educativos en otras naciones, el líder mundial en el logro de la educación superior ha disminuido precipitadamente en su posición internacional. Al combinar esta realidad con la necesidad de una fuerza de trabajo más educada, el presidente Barack Obama proclamó que mejorar las tasas de finalización de la educación superior era un imperativo nacional en 2009. A pesar del aporte del gobierno federal, debido a la naturaleza descentralizada de la educación postsecundaria estadounidense, responsabilidad por la gobernanza y las decisiones de política. En consecuencia, ha habido una variedad de respuestas estatales para mejorar la finalización de la universidad. A través de un análisis comparativo de casos, este estudio considera una región putativamente homogénea para investigar los factores a nivel estatal que "filtraron" la agenda de finalización de la universidad nacional a respuestas distintas en Georgia, Carolina del Sur y Texas. ; Os Estados Unidos foram submetidos a uma série de finalizações de estudos de educação pós-graduados durante mais de uma década. A combinação de todos os resultados educativos em outras nações, o mundo em curso no domínio da educação superior tem sido precipitadamente na sua posição internacional. Al preliminar this realidad to necesidad de una fuerza de trabajo más educada, el presidente Barack Obama proclamou que as melhores tarefas de finalização da educação superior era um imperativo nacional em 2009. A pesar delporte do governo federal, debito a naturaleza descentralizada de la educación postsecundaria estadounidense, responsabilidad por la gobernanza y las decisiones de political. En consecuencia, ha habito una variedad de respuestas estatales for mejorar la finalización de la universidad. A case to un analogis comparative case, this study is a region was applied in port homogénea for investigating the factors a level estatal that "filtraron" the agenda of finalisation of the universidad nationals and conditions in Georgia, Carolina del Sur and Texas.

In the public sphere of contemporary Western society, its post-Enlightenment culture is secular at large. Encouraged by the principle of equality upon which the United States of America was founded, the current culture promotes a subjective and individual mindset, which demands that everyone, regardless of gender, race, or class, possess equal representation in all fields of duty. Against this individualistic egalitarianism, the Church can seem to lag behind the times because she operates from a different model than that of modern society. While most societies in the West espouse a democratic culture and representative participation at every level of governance, the Church seems to continue the hierarchical model of the past in its operation. Yet, is it true to state that the Church is "hierarchical?" If so, what does that entail? With an ongoing tension between the Church and secularity, a genuine discussion is necessary to mend the challenges and misunderstandings. While the secular society, at times, promotes ideologies that contradict church teachings, there also is a secular dimension to the Church. In this sense, church and society are not against each another; rather, she is found within society carrying out her tasks in the temporal order. As such, the lay people who share in the priestly, prophetic, and kingly offices by the virtue of their baptism have a particular vocation to evangelize secularity. More precisely, they are secular and they encounter secularity in their daily life. With the authority that they hold in the Church, they bring Christ to those who they encounter daily. The Church, in this light, is within the culture at large. The secular dimension of the Church can flourish if the authorities within the Church work in a collegial manner. In other words, the lay people must have a genuine dialogue with the magisterium and theologians so that the truths of the faith will influence secularity. Collegiality, however, should not be mistaken for democracy. While it is understandable that Americans, who are used to democratic structures, may push for more participation by disregarding her teachings, the nature of the Church is more complex than a mere political system. This thesis acknowledges the proper authority which is given to each group within the Church, both in the sacraments and in jurisdiction. The ongoing conversation in the thesis treats the nature, leadership, and authority of the Church that is scriptural and traditional. The ideas contained in the works of Yves Congar will ultimately help in resolving the challenges that the Church face today. By speaking about his perception of authority that is given to every individual in the Church, this thesis clarifies for the readers the proper function of priests, bishops, and laity, functions which, in the past, have been overly confused and even abused. As a result, the resolution of current challenges will encourage the entire People of God to live out pastorally the sacramental and juridical functions that they hold.

The politically correct behavior appeared in the United States as a result of the civil rights movement enhanced by the racial prejudice within the North American society. In Brazil, this behavior won followers, mainly from the 1990s on. The movement reached language leading to changes of lexical units, and replacing words with pejorative semantic meaning by others considered neutral or positive. To that extent, the aim of this work is to discuss the politically correct concept from a discursive standpoint. The theo.retical support is the discourse analysis of French origin (Pêcheux and Maingueneau). The corpus consists of four cartoons from different artists. As a result, it may be claimed the politically correct discourse, be it in behavior or language, is intrinsically linked to the ideological formation and constitution of the subject, thus enabling outcomes of different meanings. The main constitutive trait in the analyzed corpus is political, deriving from an individual and/or collective attitude. ; La conducta políticamente correcta ha surgido en los Estados Unidos a raíz del movimiento de defensa de los derechos civiles, impulsado por el prejuicio racial en la sociedad estadounidense. En Brasil, dicha conducta ha conquistado adeptos, mayormente a partir de 1990. El movimiento ha alcanzado el lenguaje, proponiendo un cambio en las unidades lexicales, remplazando palabras con carga semántica peyorativa por otras consideradas neutras o positivas. En este sentido, el objeto de este trabajo es discutir lo "políticamente correcto" a partir del discurso, teniendo al análisis del discurso de origen francesa como soporte teórico (Pêcheux e Maingueneau). El corpus consiste en cuatro caricaturas de distintos artistas. Como resultado se puede afirmar que el discurso políticamente correcto, ya sea en la conducta o en el lenguaje, está intrínsecamente vinculado a la formación ideológica y la constitución del sujeto, posibilitando efectos de sentidos diferentes. El trazo constitutivo que predomina en el corpus analizado es el político, a partir de una postura individual y/o colectiva, con efectos de sentidos variados. ; O comportamento politicamente correto surgiu nos Estados Unidos, como fruto do movimento de defesa dos direitos civis, potencializado pelo preconceito racial na sociedade norte-americana. No Brasil, esse comportamento conquistou adeptos, principalmente, a partir dos anos 1990. O movimento chegou à linguagem, propondo a mudança de unidades lexicais, substituindo palavras com carga semântica pejorativa por outras consideradas neutras ou positivas. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o politicamente correto a partir do discurso, tendo como suporte teórico a análise de discurso de origem francesa. O corpus consiste em quatro charges de diferentes artistas. Como resultado, pode-se afirmar que o discurso politicamente correto, seja no comportamento seja na linguagem, está ligado intrinsecamente à formação ideológica, gerando efeitos de sentido diversos. O traço constitutivo predominante no corpus analisado é o político, a partir de uma atitude individual e/ou coletiva, com efeitos de sentidos variados.

El alumnado con altas capacidades demanda una respuesta educativa que responda de forma eficaz a sus necesidades formativas. Se parte de la hipótesis de que si el profesorado conoce las características así como la forma en la que adquiere el conocimiento este colectivo, y además experimenta la metodología propuesta por la comunidad científica para responder a sus necesidades educativas, será capaz no sólo de identificarlo en el aula, sino además de adecuar sus creencias a la realidad de este alumnado y dar una respuesta eficaz a sus expectativas en el marco de una escuela inclusiva, tal y como propone la legislación vigente. Se emplea una metodología de corte cualitativo, basada en la investigación-acción, y se diseñan instrumentos para recopilar las evidencias que responden a este modelo investigativo, como son entrevistas, plantillas que facilitan la observación directa en el aula,cuestionario de reflexión y rúbrica de evaluación. Participan en la muestra 2 colegios, uno público y uno concertado, un total de 100 estudiantes de primer ciclo de Educación Primaria, 5 de ellos previamente diagnosticados con sobredotación intelectual, y 5 maestras. En la línea de estudios anteriores, tanto europeos como latinoamericanos, el análisis de los datos apunta a la necesidad de formar al profesorado de manera específica para que pueda reconocer a este colectivo e implementar en el aula metodologías adecuadas a su forma de aprender, que a su vez y en el marco de una escuela inclusiva, contribuyan a incrementar la calidad de la enseñanza. ; Students with high skills demand an educational response that responds effectively to your training needs. It is based on the hypothesis that if the faculty knows the characteristics as well as the way in which this group acquires knowledge, and also experiences the methodology proposed by the scientific community to respond to their educational needs, will be able not only to identify it in The classroom, but also to adapt their beliefs to the reality of this students and to give an effective response to their expectations in the framework of an inclusive school, as proposed by the current legislation. A qualitative cut-off methodology is used, based on action research, and instruments are designed to collect the evidences that respond to this investigative model, such as interviews, templates that facilitate direct observation in the classroom, reflection questionnaire and rubric of evaluation. There are 2 schools, one public and one concerted, a total of 100 students of the first cycle of Primary Education, 5 of them previously diagnosed with intellectual overdrive, and 5 teachers. In the line of previous studies, both European and Latin American, the analysis of the data points to the need to train teachers in a specific way so that they can recognize this group and implement in the classroom methodologies appropriate to their learning, and in the framework of an inclusive school, contribute to increase the quality of teaching

In dieser Masterarbeit wird mithilfe der Literaturrecherche und der Bildanalyse über die Inkonsistenz debattiert, welche bei der Verwendung sexualisierter oder sexistischer Bilder in der Tierrechtswerbung aufkommen kann. Mithilfe dessen soll ein Beitrag zur ethischen Debatte über die Ausbeutung von Frauen und Tieren innerhalb der westlichen Gesellschaft geleistet werden. Die westliche Kultur wird aus ökofeministischer Sicht als patriarchal bezeichnet, was die Vergleiche mit matriarchalen Gesellschaften zeigen. Unter dem Begriff "patriarchal" wird in dieser Arbeit einerseits die Privilegierung männlicher, heterosexueller Personen (Androzentrismus) verstanden. Andererseits bezieht er sich auf die anthropozentrische Sichtweise, in welcher der Mensch im Zentrum des Universums steht und somit frei über andere Lebewesen verfügt. Angelehnt an das Werk "Zum Verzehr bestimmt. Eine feministisch-vegetarische Theorie" (2002) der US-amerikanischen Feministin Carol J. Adams liegt der Fokus in dieser Arbeit auf die Gemeinsamkeiten der sozialen Rolle von Frauen und Tieren innerhalb der patriarchalen Gesellschaft, in welcher sie aufgrund ihrer Diskriminierung Verbündete sind. Aus ökofeministischer Sicht bedeutet dies, dass es nicht möglich ist, die Diskriminierung der einen Gruppe zu beenden, solange noch die von anderen weiterbesteht. Anhand der ethischen Analyse sexualisierter Bilder in der Tierrechtswerbung soll diese Problematik dargestellt werden, indem die Verwendung sexistischer Werbebilder zu Tierrechtszwecken auf Inkonsistenz überprüft wird. Im Zuge der Arbeit erwies sich jedoch die Analyse sexistischer Inhalte als problematisch, da trotz ethischer Richtlinien vonseiten des österreichischen (2018) und des deutschen Werberates (2018) dasselbe Bild je nach Kultur, persönlicher Einstellung und Werten als sexistisch oder als "sexy" definiert werden kann. Aufgrund dessen kann auch nicht per se behauptet werden, dass die von den Tierschutzorganisationen verwendeten sexualisierten Werbebilder diskriminierend sind. ; In this master thesis, I discuss the inconsistency that can arise from the use of sexualized or sexist images for the purpose of animal rights advertising. For this, I did a literature research and analyzed sexualized images of three animal welfare organizations. This thesis is a contribution to the ethical debate on the exploitation of women and animals within the Western society. From an ecofeminist point of view, the Western culture is called patriarchal, which is shown by a comparison with matriarchal societies. In this work, the term "patriarchal", on the one hand refers to the privileging of male, heterosexual persons (androcentrism). On the other, it relates to the anthropocentric perspective in which the human beings consider themselves as the center of the universe and, thus, they freely use other beings for their purpose. Based on "The Sexual Politics of Meat. A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory" (2002, German version) by US-American feminist Carol J. Adams, this thesis focuses on the common ground of the social roles of women and animals within patriarchal societies, in which they are allies in terms of their discrimination. The ecofeministic point of view implies that it is not possible to end the discrimination against one group while it continues to exist against others. Through the ethical analysis of sexualized images in animal rights advertising, this problem can be demonstrated by examining a possible inconsistency in the use of such images for animal rights purposes. However, in the course of the thesis, the analysis of sexist contents proved to be problematic, because, despite the ethical guidelines from the Austrian (2018) and German advertising councils (2018), the same picture can be defined as sexist or "sexy" depending on culture, personal attitude and values. Due to this problem, the sexualized advertisements used by animal welfare organizations cannot be claimed per se as discriminatory. ; eingereicht von Marlene Ulbing, Bakk. phil. ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2018 ; (VLID)2879005

RESUMOA alface trata-se de uma hortaliça inicialmente cultivada no continente asiático, e encontra-se já disseminada por todas as regiões do Brasil. Entretanto uma das problemáticas relacionada ao consumo desta hortaliça é o uso de defensivos agrícolas durante seu cultivo, podendo provocar a contaminação por metais pesados. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a análise dos teores dos metais Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb e Co em alfaces cultivadas em hortas urbanas na região de Coxim-MS. Para isso, utilizou-se a técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama e compararam-se os resultados com os valores máximos estipulados pelas legislações para alimentos. Coletaram-se três amostras do tipo alface americana em culturas convencionais. Para a preparação das amostras, utilizou-se digestor de microondas, e posteriormente preparou-se padrões de calibração para leitura no espectrofotômetro. Verificou-se que os elementos cobre e níquel estão abaixo dos valores máximos permitidos pela legislação de alimentos. Já em relação ao ferro e o cobalto não há normativas específicas para esses metais em hortaliças, sendo que o cobalto está abaixo do limite de detecção, assim como, o chumbo. Por sua vez o cádmio apresentou em um dos pontos, intervalo estatístico acima do valor máximo permitido. Sendo assim evidenciou-se a ausência de contaminação por metais pesados nas hortas urbanas que abastecem dos consumidores da cidade. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Análise de Alimentos; Legislações para alimentos; Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica em Chama. DETERMINATION OF THE HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN LETTUCE GROWN IN URBAN GARDENS IN THE CITY OF COXIM-MSABSTRACTLettuce is a vegetable originally grown on the Asian continent, and is already disseminated by all regions of Brazil. However one of the problems related to the consumption of this vegetable is the use of agricultural pesticides during its cultivation, and can cause the contamination by heavy metals. Thus, the present work was intended to carry out the analysis of the levels of Cu metals, Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb and Co in lettuce cultivated in urban gardens in the cushion-MS region. For this, the technique of atomic absorption spectrometry was used in flame and compared the Results with the maximum values stipulated by the food legislation. Three samples of the American lettuce type were collected in conventional cultures. For the preparation of the samples, a microwave digester was used, and subsequently the calibration patterns were prepared for reading in the spectrophotometer. It was found that the copper and nickel elements are below the maximum permitted values by food legislation. In relation to iron and cobalt there are no specific norms for these metals in greenery, and the cobalt is below the detection limit, as well as lead. In turn cadmium presented in one of the points, statistical interval above the maximum permitted value. Thus, the absence of heavy metal contamination was demonstrated in the urban gardens that supply the city's consumers.KEYWORDS: Food analysis; Food legislation; Flame Atomic Absortion Spectrometry.

Donald Trump's rise to the presidency of the United States and his constant controversy during the election campaign and his first year of Presidency, they have resulted in the gestation of a movement contrary to his new policies and xenophobic expressions. Noteworthy is the revival of the song protest, mitigated for the eight years of government by President Barack Obama. This movement has become thank to people knew for using their music to express a protest, together new allies that have been unwilling to remain silent facing what is happening in the great American power. Therefore, this work intends to conduct a study on the first contact of Donald Trump in policy, and how his presidency is being one of the most media and controversial, leading to the emergence of a new song protest. Therefore it will be very useful from media sources, both press and TV, being primarily responsible for the collections of the declarations and measures adopted by the new President of United States and the impact they have had on the music. Similarly, social networks are a new area of expression, which has to take into account before the immediate actuality of theme. All these sources, together with a great bibliography, have been used to carry out this analysis the new song of protest from the perspective of cultural history. ; El ascenso de Donald Trump a la presidencia de Estados Unidos y sus constantes polémicas durante la campaña electoral y a lo largo de su primer año de presidencia, han derivado en la gestación de un movimiento contrario a sus nuevas políticas y sus expresiones xenófobas. Destacable es el resurgimiento de la canción protesta, dormida durante los ocho años de gobierno del presidente Barack Obama; y que ha vuelto de la mano de caras ya conocidas por el uso de su música como expresión de desencanto, y de nuevos aliados que no han querido permanecer en silencio ante lo que está sucediendo en la gran potencia norteamericana.Este trabajo busca realizar un estudio sobre el primer contacto en política de Donald Trump y cómo su presidencia está siendo una de las más mediáticas y controvertidas, derivando en el surgimiento de una nueva canción protesta. Para ello, será de gran utilidad el empleo de fuentes procedentes de los medios de comunicación, tanto prensa como televisión, al ser los principales responsables del recopilado de las declaraciones y medidas tomadas por el nuevo presidente de Estados Unidos y las repercusiones que éstas han tenido en el medio musical. Igualmente, las redes sociales son un nuevo ámbito de expresión, que se ha de tener muy en cuenta ante la inmediata actualidad del tema. Todas estas fuentes han servido para realizar este análisis de la nueva canción protesta desde la perspectiva de la historia cultural.

The urban environmental problem must be based on the complexity of nature and its internal processes of production (of biomass and neguentropic character), such complexity over ows the instrumentality to which it has been reduced by the technocracy and the economic model, and sets out the demand for more comprehensive apprehension devices, capable of accounting for the wide network of relationships interwoven in the various environmental phenomena that take place in the territories. This is where the action framework, constituted by Urban Environmental Sustainability, is justi ed as a Latin American discourse in response to these important environmental problems, as an alternative rooted in the social, cultural, geographical, political and economic reality of our communities and peoples. This article critically reviews the dominant perspective; the discourse of sustainable development, imposed by transnational control organisms, preventing the generation of new alternative approaches in the universe of society-nature relations. ; La política pública ambiental urbana debe fundamentarse en la complejidad de la naturaleza y de sus procesos internos de producción (de biomasa y de carácter neguentrópico). Tal complejidad desborda la instrumentalidad a la que ha sido reducida desde la tecnocracia y el modelo económico, y plantea la exigencia de aparatos de aprehensión más integrales, capaces de dar cuenta de la amplia red de relaciones que se entreteje en los diversos fenómenos ambientales que tienen lugar en los territorios. Es allí donde se justi ca el marco de acción constituido por la sustentabilidad ambiental urbana, un discurso que responde en Latinoamérica a dichas problemáticas ambientales, pues es una alternativa arraigada en la realidad social, cultural, geográ ca, política y económica de nuestras comunidades y pueblos. El presente artículo revisa de manera crítica la perspectiva dominante: el discurso del desarrollo sostenible impuesto desde los organismos de control transnacionales, los cuales impiden generar nuevas alternativas en el universo de las relaciones entre la sociedad y la naturaleza. ; A problemática ambiental urbana deve ser fundamentada na complexidade da natureza e de seus processos internos de produção (de biomasa e de caráter neguentrópico), tal complexidade ultrapassa a instrumentalidade à que tem sido reduzida desde a tecnocracia e o modelo económico e propõe a exigência de aparelhos de aprehensión mais integrais, capazes de dar conta da ampla rede de relações que se geram nos diversos fenômenos ambientais que têm lugar nos territórios. É ali onde justi case o marco de ação constituído pela Sustentabilidade Ambiental Urbana, como discurso latinoamericano de resposta a estas importantes problemáticas ambientais, uma alternativa fundamentada na realidade social, cultural, geográ ca, política e econômica de nossas comunidades e povos. O presente artigo revisa de maneira critica a perspectiva dominante; o discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável imposto desde os organismos de controle transnacionais, que impedem gerar novas alternativas de enfoque no universo das relações sociedade-natureza.