Suchergebnisse

Information about the effect of land management on ecosystem services is essential to make balanced decisions, develop sustainable political strategies, and determine future scenarios. Previous methods and tools have been developed to analyze the effects of land use/land cover on ecosystem services. Nevertheless, being able to model the uncertainties, complexities, interconnections, and different interactions between multiple drivers of change in future scenario analysis are still a challenge in ecosystem service research. Modelling ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies and evaluating their use in scenario analysis are important issues that require more understanding. Therefore, this study explores the link and relationships among scenarios, models, and ecosystem services that support the decision-making processes. Based on electronic database publications, a conceptual framework illustrating the key components of this approach is presented. Further implications in terms of innovative tools that aim to identify pathways towards sustainable and balanced land use are also presented. It was concluded that spatial modelling of ecosystem services relationships associated with scenario building allows decision makers to better understand the complex interactions that occur in social-ecological systems. This approach brings important elements to set decisions, strategies, regulations, and policies for holistic land-use planning and management at different scales, notably in Brazil, a large and environmentally diversified country.

The use of information and communication technology (ICTs) in the public sector is one of the most important effects were caused by IT. Nowadays, with the development of e-government, set of information are available about the public sector in electronic databases significantly, that may be agree with each other. Public sector information is considered the most important thing in e-government environment, it has a great value (Shao & Wang, 2010). Moreover, the government environment become is using the Internet and information technology, mainly on their interactions with businesses and citizens, and among themselves. One of the e-Government initiatives is the development of the government-to-business (G2B) system, which is an agenda sets to promote a higher service quality between government entities and the business sector (Dong, Xiong & Han, 2010).This paper aims to discover the importance of the government's small and medium enterprises under the umbrella of e-services G2B. G2B transactions include various services exchanged between the government and the business community, including the deployment of policies and memos, rules and regulations. It includes commercial services provided access to current business information, application forms are loaded, renewal of licenses, registration of companies, to obtain permits, pay taxes, e-Procurement service ERAs (slaves and Abu Shanab, 2010).

The electronic government (E-Gov) systems are currently getting recognized as an authentic strategically tool in delivering E-services. Considering the development of information system (IS) as well as the expanding of the internet-based applications in KSA, E-Gov has always been a significant aspect in delivering governmental services. This research has adopted the (IS) success model by both DeLone and McLean (D&M), moreover, it adopted technology acceptance model (TAM) with cybersecurity factors, both models were implemented to discover the status of the IS success then investigate cybersecurity aspects that impact the service efficiency and effectiveness in KSA. Consequently, this research aims to create a model to investigate the IS success model along with cybersecurity factors that influence E-Gov services effectiveness and usage. Therefore, a survey has been applied as the major data gathering approach; the survey has been distributed among 211 users of E-Gov services consistently. Moreover, all research findings were attained through a quantitative method using the structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings revealed that the constructs fundamental of the (IS) success model are strongly influencing users' satisfaction (US) of the E-Gov services; correspondingly, the fundamental constructs factors of cybersecurity with TAM appear to have a strong impacts on perceived risk (PR), in addition, both which affect the E-Gov services towards usage and effectiveness.

The growth of megacities, uneven development of the center and regions, personification of audiovisual media, and disconnected subjectivity in the society makes the school and university education steadily move towards computerization and digitalization. There is a predictable cultural discrepancy due to the difference in opportunities, motivation, and the quality of teaching aids in the elite and local schools. It makes the issue of the research obviously relative and is seen as three interrelated contexts: social, cultural and educational. Moreover, the solution of the issue in the educational context makes the risks, generating from out the other contexts, drop significantly. Therefore, the article is focused on the ways to bridge cultural discrepancy in the Vladimir regional education system while bringing the traditional and innovative teaching aids to balance. The methods include analysis, modelling and statistical techniques. The experimental research material reviewed in the Vladimir branch of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladimir State University and the practical outcomes make it possible to work out a model of the complex interaction of the traditional and innovative teaching aids providing the professional training and individual development only due to the balance between life music and electronic recordings, the interaction of "offline" and "online" structures in the monocultural and multicultural forms.

In this paper, the concept of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation using electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna designed to operate in IEEE 802.11p vehicular communication standard has been investigated with respect to different possible elevation angles of a radio frequency (RF) signal impinging the antenna. To this end, two different possible sets of the 3D antenna radiation patterns have been used together with power-pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) algorithm and its extension that covers multiple calibration planes (PPCCMCP). Numerical simulations of the PPCC and PPCC-MCP angle estimation procedures at 5.89 GHz have been performed to verify the overall DoA estimation accuracies in the horizontal plane for different, and unknown at the moment of estimation, elevation angles. ; This work was supported by SECREDAS project that has received funding from the Electronic Component Systems for European Leadership Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 783119. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Tunisia, United Kingdom. The document reflects only the authors' view and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Background: Killing during combat is a unique experience and, for the majority, is limited to military service. For those working with military and veteran populations, it is essential to be able to understand this experience and any psychological ramifications. Purpose: This review provides a synthesis of existing literature, addressing the specific question: what is known about the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and killing in combat? It summarises what is known of the relationship between these variables and the clinical implications of these findings. Method: A search of existing literature was conducted in a systematic manner in 2017 using electronic databases. A critical appraisal tool was used to inform data extraction and guide the literature review. Results: The literature suggests that those who kill during combat are more likely to report symptoms of PTSD; however, disparity exists as to the statistical significance of this relationship. Factors such as gender and victim characteristics may be influencing factors. Conclusion: The impact of killing during combat must be considered when working therapeutically with military and veteran populations. Future research should aim to recruit military participants from different populations and address some of the difficulties with recruitment—ensuring samples are representative and generalisable. Key words: Post-traumatic stress, combat, killing, military, veteran

Just over a decade after the outbreak of the global economic crisis in 2008, the world is once again facing a global crisis caused by the Covid-19 virus pandemic. The paper compares the effects of the crisis on the banking sector with special reference to the measures of the National Bank of Serbia that were implemented in order to preserve financial stability in the Republic of Serbia. It was concluded that the Serbian banking sector has consistently submitted to the moratorium introduced by the NBS, most likely as a consequence of high liquidity and capital adequacy in previous periods. On the other hand, due to the corona virus pandemic, many factories have stopped producing gold, the transport of goods is functioning slowly, which has led to a shortage of gold, so it is almost impossible to buy a gold ducat or gold bar in Europe. As a result, the jump in demand consequently affected the increase in the value of gold. Although bankers quickly adapted to work from home and electronic delivery of services to end users, what is a fact is that in the future we will certainly face new financial shocks, so one of the goals of the work is to create foundations and recommendations for further business research in risky situations.

Militaries around the world have benefited from computerized games. Many recruits have been attracted to the military through military-style video games. After recruitment, games and simulations provide an important means of soldier training, including before actual deployments. However, electronic games are lacking for UN peace operations. The multidimensionality of peacekeeping has yet to be simulated in serious games to complement the many games that too often depict a binary battlefield of blue-team versus red-team (or, often in public games, good versus evil). Not only could soldiers benefit from nuanced and ambitious peace-related games, so too could civilian peacekeepers, and the public at large. Peacekeeping gaming should not be merely at the tactical level; the operational and strategic levels can be gamed as well. The decision-making in future peacekeeping simulations could help instruct conflict-resolution and critical thinking skills. The paper posits that such digital games could be an important tool for current and future peacekeepers, both military and civilian. Commercial games could also help educate the public on UN peacekeeping. The paper suggests that the United Nations partner with some member states and perhaps the video game industry to provide in-depth training simulations that mirror the challenges and complexities of modern peace operations.

New technological advancements with high performance computing in electronical markets and the need for fast trading decision making leads the market members to high frequency trading. The analysis of the literature showed the lack of a tested formalized method and technological solution that allows testing algorithmic high-frequency trading-HFT strategies in financial markets. Testing of HFT strategies is also provided in the European Union's MiFID II Directive, which aims to oblige HFT trading operators to test all trading algorithms and HFT strategies for possible errors. In this paper we wished to create and implement the testing method for the automated high frequency statistical arbitrage trading that would be able to analyse big amount of tick-by-tick data received from electronic market in nanosecond time-stamp precision. The initial motivation of this paper was to prepare testing method for automated HFT statistical arbitrage trading that would work with big amount of high frequency data and suggest the hardware for this type of system. To achieve the above mentioned aim the HFT statistical arbitrage testing algorithm prototype was created based on the proposed method. The proposed method demonstrates how the use of the GPU memory, code vectorization, parallel calculations and multidimensional arrays brings impressive speedups in the HFT trading and analyzation of the high frequency data.

New technological advancements with high performance computing in electronical markets and the need for fast trading decision making leads the market members to high frequency trading. The analysis of the literature showed the lack of a tested formalized method and technological solution that allows testing algorithmic high-frequency trading-HFT strategies in financial markets. Testing of HFT strategies is also provided in the European Union's MiFID II Directive, which aims to oblige HFT trading operators to test all trading algorithms and HFT strategies for possible errors. In this paper we wished to create and implement the testing method for the automated high frequency statistical arbitrage trading that would be able to analyse big amount of tick-by-tick data received from electronic market in nanosecond time-stamp precision. The initial motivation of this paper was to prepare testing method for automated HFT statistical arbitrage trading that would work with big amount of high frequency data and suggest the hardware for this type of system. To achieve the above mentioned aim the HFT statistical arbitrage testing algorithm prototype was created based on the proposed method. The proposed method demonstrates how the use of the GPU memory, code vectorization, parallel calculations and multidimensional arrays brings impressive speedups in the HFT trading and analyzation of the high frequency data.

New technological advancements with high performance computing in electronical markets and the need for fast trading decision making leads the market members to high frequency trading. The analysis of the literature showed the lack of a tested formalized method and technological solution that allows testing algorithmic high-frequency trading-HFT strategies in financial markets. Testing of HFT strategies is also provided in the European Union's MiFID II Directive, which aims to oblige HFT trading operators to test all trading algorithms and HFT strategies for possible errors. In this paper we wished to create and implement the testing method for the automated high frequency statistical arbitrage trading that would be able to analyse big amount of tick-by-tick data received from electronic market in nanosecond time-stamp precision. The initial motivation of this paper was to prepare testing method for automated HFT statistical arbitrage trading that would work with big amount of high frequency data and suggest the hardware for this type of system. To achieve the above mentioned aim the HFT statistical arbitrage testing algorithm prototype was created based on the proposed method. The proposed method demonstrates how the use of the GPU memory, code vectorization, parallel calculations and multidimensional arrays brings impressive speedups in the HFT trading and analyzation of the high frequency data.

To curb the spread of COVID-19, many governments around the world have implemented tiered lockdowns with varying degrees of stringency. Lockdown levels are typically increased when the disease spreads and reduced when the disease abates. A predictive control approach is used to develop optimized lockdown strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19. The strategies are then applied to South African data. The South African case is of interest as the South African government has defined five distinct levels of lockdown, which serves as a discrete control input. An epidemiological model for the spread of COVID-19 in South Africa was previously developed, and is used in conjunction with a hybrid model predictive controller to optimize lockdown management under different policy scenarios. Scenarios considered include how to flatten the curve to a level that the healthcare system can cope with, how to balance lives and livelihoods, and what impact the compliance of the population to the lockdown measures has on the spread of COVID-19. The main purpose of this article is to show what the optimal lockdown level should be given the policy that is in place, as determined by the closed-loop feedback controller. ; http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6287639 ; pm2021 ; Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering

Nell'articolo si affronta il tema riguardante l'individuazione dell'indirizzo pec delle amministrazioni pubbliche, valido per la notificazione degli atti giudiziari. Innanzitutto si illustra la normativa – complessa, non coordinata e poco chiara – che disciplina la materia relativa al domicilio digitale delle P.A. per la ricezione delle notifiche di atti giudiziari. Si esamina, inoltre, la giurisprudenza, ancora oscillante, che si è formata in argomento e si indicano i casi, nei quali la notifica del ricorso ad un indirizzo pec dell'amministrazione diverso da quello all'uopo previsto debba essere ritenuta pienamente valida ed efficace, e le ragioni giuridiche che stanno alla base di tale orientamento. [Brief comments on notifications received via certified email to public administrations] The article discusses issues concerning the identification of a Public Administration's certified electronic email (CEM) box, which is valid for the transmission of judicial proceedings. Firstly, we illustrate the legislation – complex, uncoordinated and unclear – regulating the delivery of judicial proceedings via the digital domicile of the P.A. Furthermore, we examine the case law – still fluctuating – which has been formed on the subject; we also indicate the hypothesis in which the notification of judicial proceedings to a CEM address other than the one provided for this purpose by the Administration is considered to be fully valid and effective, and the legal reasons for this interpretation.

Conducting businesses over Internet has now turned to necessity rather than just considering it as fashion and in the same context turns into an essential part of financial institutions serving as one of the trusted third parties to process electronic payments. Now a day, crypto-micropayments are playing major roles as world-shattering decentralized, trustless payment systems nevertheless used by many individual entities, as well as, business houses for the benefit of their own concerns. Logically, crypto-micropayments provide a digital alternative to government-issued fiat currencies, and thus, can be used in online marketplaces to buy everything from a needle to flight tickets. Although with the growing number of opponents, cryptocurrencies show fearless traversal over the internet against its challengers who are also gaining grip from such virtual currencies whose presence in this era foretell a matter of great distrust and concurrently all hastening to become the main teller for the upcoming future cashless world. Since, digital currencies are still in a state of flux, this paper tries to target the squashy curves associated with cryptocurrencies, as well as, its frailty in association with societal perspectives due to its anonymity and cross-border features. This paper also focuses on the need for radical overhauling of existing payment-related regulatory framework in India with special reference to crypto-micropayments.

Contemporary diplomacy will largely depend on the path to the creation of a new world order. There are different options for the political structure of the world: from the unipolar / multipolar world to the world government. The role of non-state actors will increase in the international arena, while the process of eroding national sovereignty will continue. In this regard, diplomacy faces serious tests of strength, it will have to adapt to current conditions, as well as perform a joint function between state and non-state actors in international relations. Information flows become the levers of governance, namely, socio-economic, socio-political, international processes. Today we can speak of "the emergence of a global information industry that is undergoing a period of technological convergence, organisational combinations, legislative liberalisation, and the role of knowledge, information in economic development, the emergence of new forms of the "electronic" democracy, structural changes in employment". The role of international organisations in international relations has undergone qualitative changes. They have become auxiliary tools for solving particular problems of interaction of sovereign states into a segment of international life. International organisations play an extremely important role in conflict resolution. Conflict prevention is becoming increasingly important in their activities. The mechanism for resolving conflicts by organisations is predominantly political in nature, but it is based on international law.