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This special issue calls for a critical, historically grounded, and interdisciplinary perspective on international circulations and inequalities in the social sciences. It emphasizes the importance of considering the social sciences as a whole and in relation to broader power dynamics. To address inequalities in the production and dissemination of knowledge in the social sciences from diverse perspectives, this special issue brings together scholars from different higher education systems, countries, and disciplines. Its five contributions examine various national contexts, international configurations, and historical periods, utilizing a range of methodological strategies, including document and archival analysis, secondary databases and descriptive statistics, prosopographical databases, and multiple correspondence analysis. The first section of this editorial proposes a socio-historical approach for reflexive study of international circulations and inequalities in the social sciences. The second section situates the five contributions within the transforming context of the internationalization of the social sciences, providing a periodization of these dynamics from the late nineteenth century until the present. Finally, a concluding section advocates for a renewed perspective on the subject.

When voters evaluate their executive's policies, they often possess information that was previously unknownto policy makers. Should voters use such ex post information? The author presents a model of executive evaluation following an international crisis. Using ex post information can be welfare enhancing for the voter when contrasted with naive retrospection, in which voters compare pre- and postconflict utility. However, the welfare implications of using ex post information are not clear-cut when contrasted to sophisticated retrospective voting. While the latter voting rule leads to situations in which an executive is overly aggressive in crises, using ex post information can induce executive behavior that is insufficiently aggressive. Voters must balance the relative desirability of unwanted wars against unwanted passivity when deciding how to evaluate leaders. In opening up the black box of domestic politics, assumptions about voter behavior can affect substantive and normative findings.

This bestselling introductory textbook provides a truly comprehensive and approachable guide to international affairs. Bringing together decades of combined experience in researching and teaching global politics from three acclaimed scholars, this book introduces you to the key concepts in international relations while equipping you with the tools to successfully analyse the rapidly changing world in which we live. Carefully and pedagogically structured, the book is driven by nuanced enduring questions to support active engagement with the subject matter. It covers everything from war and its causes to the pursuit of peace, the role of non-state actors on the world stage and transnational concerns such as climate change. Thought-provoking boxed features throughout highlight disparities between theory and practice, provide overviews of key research and make use of the influential levels-of-analysis framework. This third edition is completely updated throughout, including extensive coverage of the latest advances in international relations scholarship and supported by a wealth of contemporary case examples. The text is supported by a rich companion website with study guides, instructor resources and interactive exercises to allow you to consider complicated political decisions for yourself. Introduction to International Relations is the ultimate companion for undergraduate students of politics and international relations in need of an exciting and rigorous introduction to the subject.

AbstractTo determine whether corporate international diversification leads firms to increase their leverage, we perform an event study that compares the leverage of corporations before and after they acquire foreign subsidiaries. We find that on average leverage increases from the first to the third year following the acquisition. When we examine the relation between additional debt financing after foreign acquisitions and the characteristics of these acquisitions, we find that in addition to such major determinants as size and profitability, debt financing is explained by geographical and industrial diversification effects.