Suchergebnisse

Die Arbeit behandelt eines der größten europarechtlichen und politischen Aufreger der letzten Jahre. Dabei geht es um die Frage, inwieweit Unionsbürger aus fremden Mitgliedstaaten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Sozialleistungen in Anspruch nehmen können und sollten. Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die systematische Aufarbeitung der Rechtlage auf der Ebene des Völkerrechts, des Europa- und des Nationalen Rechts.Neben der Analyse der einschlägigen europäischen und nationalen Rechtsprechung liefert die Arbeit auch ein eigenes Lösungskonzept mit einem feststehenden Ergebnis. Im Vordergrund steht die These, dass Unionsbürger dann Sozialleistungen erhalten sollen, wenn sie eine hinreichende Verbundenheit zu Deutschland nachweisen können. Das gilt nicht nur für erwerbtätige sondern auch für nicht erwerbstätige Unionsbürger

The legal status of the foreigner has always been of particular interest, as it has been found over time that the rights that a natural or legal person may have in a foreign country have particular consequences. Part of the population of a country other than the one in which he is located or lives, the foreigner who does not have Romanian citizenship, but who is found on the territory of a state, may have the status of stateless, refugee or displaced person. The foreigner's legal condition contains all the legal norms that regulate the legal acts and deeds of foreigners, natural or legal persons. The legal norms that regulate this matter are material norms that belong to Romanian law and, as such, the legal condition of the foreigner is subject to Romanian law, as the law of the forum, respectively as the law of the place where the foreigner is found. The sufficiently rich Romanian legislation that regulates the field took into account the particular nature of social relations, aiming to be as close as possible to concrete situations. The current trend, contained mainly in the provisions of the Civil Code that "liberalizes" the possibility of applying a different rule of law than the classical one, we consider to be a step forward and is in line with the obvious progress of the science of conflict law, also resulting from its historical evolution. The foreigner's legal status is made up of the set of rights and obligations they enjoy based on state legislation and according to international conventions. This means, concretely, the set of legal rules that regulate the foreigner's ability to use, i.e. the rights and obligations he has in a state as a foreigner. We emphasize that, also in the case of the legal person, the legal condition of the foreigner can be used, this being "that collective subject of law, holder of rights and obligations, whose personal status is governed by its national law".

Intro -- Title -- Legal Notice -- Preliminary -- Summary -- Cover image -- LIST OF AUTHORS -- Translation -- Introducing MIR -- Afterword: MIR's appeal to all descendants of deported Africans and to all Africans on the continent -- MIR Books -- Introduction -- By Garcin Malsa -- Reparation, a demand for justice -- By Claudette Duhamel & -- Alain Manville -- For an international tribunal for reparation: the ICTR -- By Alain Manville -- The European Slave Trade, African Resistance and the Question of Reparations: Towards an Objective Assessment of the Damage Suffered by the Victims of the Black Holocaust and their Descendants -- By Pr Coovi Rekhmiré -- An account of "Britain's Black Debt - Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide" by Hilary Beckles, a rewriting of history for restorative social transformation. -- By Rodolphe Solbiac -- Slavery, Reparation, where's the anachronism ? -- By Rosa Amelia Plumelle-Uribe -- The Curse of Cham, a vast sham -- By René Louis Parfait Etile -- Slavery Reparation -- By Louis Sala-Molins -- Reparations, Africa and Pan-Africanism -- By Mame Hulo (Guillabert) -- Lanzistisman for a global repair in Reunion Island -- By Philippe Bessière -- AFRÈS, our identity and our common struggle -- By Nita Brochant, Jaklin Jacqueray, Luc Reinette -- AFRÈS: Self-repair through the power of the verb "let us rehabilitate our enslaved African Ancestors by stopping calling them "slaves ! -- By Gladys Démocrite -- Reparation, Recognition, Justice -- By Her Majesty the Queen -- The deconstruction of the Kamite couple as a sequel to the destruction of the Kamite family by transatlantic slavery. What reparations for so many daily crimes gone unpunished? -- By Juliette Sméralda -- French Guiana: Knowing about crime against humanity so as not to perpetuate it -- By Apa Mumia Makeba (Benoît Bechet).

Deals with European legal and philosophical heritage in general, as well as special issues like closer cooperation among 'Core States' and the role of the Court of Justice in EC law development. This work is useful for legal practitioners and scholars as well as students of political science and history

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo case of the International Criminal Court. He was a Congolese politician, as well as the founder and the head of non-governmental armed group, named "Movement for the Liberation of Congo", which members committed number of crimes during armed conflict in Central African Republic. The importance of this case lies in the fact, that it was the first case of the International Criminal Court, where the accused was charged with crimes, committed by his subordinates, and not by the accused himself. This article reveals the main contradictions between the judgments of the Trial Chamber, which found Bemba guilty, and the Appeals Chamber, which acquitted him. The legal basics of the institute of personal responsibility of commanders and other superiors in international criminal law, which were formed in the decision of the Appeals Chamber in the Bemba case, are highlighted therein. The author addresses and analyzes the grounds for recognizing commanders and other superiors guilty for committing crimes by their subordinates. It was discovered, that Article 28 of the Rome Statute requires the commanders to take only necessary or reasonable measures to prevent or punish the crimes, committed by their subordinates, not all possible measures at the relevant time. The Trial Chamber should specify what exactly the accused had to do to prevent or punish the crimes, as well as inform the accused of it prior to the hearing. It is also necessary to take into account objective circumstances, that could prevent the commander from adequately responding to the commission of crimes by his subordinates, especially if they operated in the territory of another state. The commander's ability to take the necessary or reasonable measures to prevent or punish the crimes, committed by his subordinates, should be analyzed in relation to each individual crime he is charged with, and not in relation to all the actions of subordinates as a whole. At last, the Appeals Chamber provided an exhaustive list of criteria for determining whether the measures, taken by the commander, were sufficient. ; Статья посвящена анализу дела Жана-Пьера Бембы Гомбо, которое рассматривалось Международным уголовным судом. Важность этого дела заключается в том, что оно было первым делом Международного уголовного суда, где подсудимому инкриминировались преступления, совершенные его подчиненными, а не подсудимым лично. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу справи Жана-П' єра Бемби Гомбо, що розглядалася Міжнародним кримінальним судом. Важливість цієї справи полягає у тому, що вона була найпершою справою Міжнародного кримінального суду, де підсудному інкримінувалися злочини, вчинені його підлеглими, а не підсудним особисто. У статті розкрито основні протиріччя рішень Судової палати, яка визнала Бембу винним, та Апеляційної палати, яка повністю зняла з Бемби всі обвинувачення. Висвітлено правові засади ін- ституту особистої відповідальності командирів та начальників, що були сформовані у рішенні Апеляційної палати по справі Бемби, у міжнародному кримінальному праві. Досліджуються та аналізуються підстави для визнання командирів та начальників винними за вчинення злочинів своїми підлеглими.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo case of the International Criminal Court. He was a Congolese politician, as well as the founder and the head of non-governmental armed group, named "Movement for the Liberation of Congo", which members committed number of crimes during armed conflict in Central African Republic. The importance of this case lies in the fact, that it was the first case of the International Criminal Court, where the accused was charged with crimes, committed by his subordinates, and not by the accused himself. This article reveals the main contradictions between the judgments of the Trial Chamber, which found Bemba guilty, and the Appeals Chamber, which acquitted him. The legal basics of the institute of personal responsibility of commanders and other superiors in international criminal law, which were formed in the decision of the Appeals Chamber in the Bemba case, are highlighted therein. The author addresses and analyzes the grounds for recognizing commanders and other superiors guilty for committing crimes by their subordinates. It was discovered, that Article 28 of the Rome Statute requires the commanders to take only necessary or reasonable measures to prevent or punish the crimes, committed by their subordinates, not all possible measures at the relevant time. The Trial Chamber should specify what exactly the accused had to do to prevent or punish the crimes, as well as inform the accused of it prior to the hearing. It is also necessary to take into account objective circumstances, that could prevent the commander from adequately responding to the commission of crimes by his subordinates, especially if they operated in the territory of another state. The commander's ability to take the necessary or reasonable measures to prevent or punish the crimes, committed by his subordinates, should be analyzed in relation to each individual crime he is charged with, and not in relation to all the actions of subordinates as a whole. At last, the Appeals Chamber provided an exhaustive list of criteria for determining whether the measures, taken by the commander, were sufficient. ; Статья посвящена анализу дела Жана-Пьера Бембы Гомбо, которое рассматривалось Международным уголовным судом. Важность этого дела заключается в том, что оно было первым делом Международного уголовного суда, где подсудимому инкриминировались преступления, совершенные его подчиненными, а не подсудимым лично. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу справи Жана-П' єра Бемби Гомбо, що розглядалася Міжнародним кримінальним судом. Важливість цієї справи полягає у тому, що вона була найпершою справою Міжнародного кримінального суду, де підсудному інкримінувалися злочини, вчинені його підлеглими, а не підсудним особисто. У статті розкрито основні протиріччя рішень Судової палати, яка визнала Бембу винним, та Апеляційної палати, яка повністю зняла з Бемби всі обвинувачення. Висвітлено правові засади ін- ституту особистої відповідальності командирів та начальників, що були сформовані у рішенні Апеляційної палати по справі Бемби, у міжнародному кримінальному праві. Досліджуються та аналізуються підстави для визнання командирів та начальників винними за вчинення злочинів своїми підлеглими.

Defence date: 26 September 2015 ; Examining Board: Professor Martin Scheinin, EUI (EUI Supervisor); Professor Stefan Grundmann, EUI; Professor Nicola M. C. P. Jägers, Tilburg University; Professor Olivier De Schutter, Université catholique de Louvain. ; The struggle of defining transnational business actors and articulating their interaction with regulatory structures is a familiar one in many fields of study. Although the company is a creature of law, its legal personality is rarely congruent with the economic reality, and the extent to which it is bound by legal rules varies enormously. This thesis re-examines that struggle from a legal perspective. It surveys legal regulation of business actors at the domestic, international and transnational levels, and highlights the challenges globalization presents to the existing models, traditional and emerging alike. The picture which emerges is unsettling: by its very nature, transnational business destabilizes the equilibrium of the traditional legal structures. Legal rules developed based on the axiom of each legal person as a distinct legal unit, bound to the legal system in which it resides, struggle to meet their compensatory and regulatory aims when confronted with the diversification of modern business structures and the loss of single State control. Likewise, continuing development of international and transnational regulation risks perpetuating such problems by artificially restricting which areas of law apply in particular transnational spaces. Based on those observations, it is argued that a restatement of the law as it applies to transnational business is required. First, without denying the utility of specific legal definitions of the company or corporation in specific circumstances, it is proposed that transnational business be reconceptualized as a field, or vector, for normative conflict rather than as a monolithic entity. This recognizes the need and utility of specialized systems of regulation in particular spaces, while allowing for interaction with other rules which have a bearing on a given situation in concreto. Second, through an analysis of the interaction of law and global justice, it provides for a cosmopolitan re-centring of legal obligations between business actors and victims of corporate harm beyond a single nation-state. Third, this allows for the tentative sketching of a redefined, transnational conflict-of-norms framework to co-ordinate the competing justice aims in question while maintaining legal equilibrium on the transnational plane.

Nationality — Acquisition of — As Result of Annexation of Territory — De facto Annexation of Eupen and Malmédy — Absence of Legal Effect — Absence of Change in Nationality.

The present work checks some basic elements of thesocial fi elds theory, emphasizing its deep attachment with the studyof the political theory and the fundamental rights. The authortries to explain as clear as possible inside its own complexity, PierreBOURDIEU 's theory. After explain the concept of social fi elds; the fundamentalelements of the theory; the relations between social fi eld,capital and subjects; and, the fi elds relative autonomy; fi nally, as apretext to apply the the social fi elds theory, the author thinks overthe reform of the Chilean education quality. ; El presente trabajo revisa algunos elementos básicos dela teoría de los campos sociales, destacando su profunda ligazóncon el estudio de la teoría política y los Derechos fundamentales.El autor intenta explicar de la forma más clara posible dentro de supropia complejidad, la teoría de Pierre BOURDIEU. Tras ahondar en elconcepto de campos sociales; los elementos fundamentales de lateoría; las relaciones entre campo social, capital y sujetos; y, la autonomíarelativa de los campos; fi nalmente, como un pretexto paraaplicar la teoría de los campos sociales, se refl exiona acerca de lareforma a la calidad de la educación chilena.

If states are not to go to war, what should they do instead? In 'The Alternatives to War', James Pattison considers the case for the alternatives to military action to address mass atrocities and aggression. The volume examines the normative issues raised by measures ranging from comprehensive economic sanctions, diplomacy and positive incentives, to criminal prosecutions, nonviolent resistance, accepting refugees and arming rebels. For instance, given the indiscriminateness of many sanctions regimes, are sanctions any better than war?

Originally conceived prior to the enactment of the Statute of Uses as a means by which freehold legal interests in land might be devised, the power of appointment has maintained its prominent position in American society because of its utility in minimizing death taxes and injecting into dispositions of property an element of foresight otherwise unobtainable. Due to the immense popularity of powers of appointment as estate planning devices, statutory developments in the law of powers have been confined primarily to the tax field, with a resultant neglect of those areas of the law more tangentially related to powers of appointment. Not the least significant of these neglected areas is the field of creditors' rights or, more specifically, the rights of creditors of the donee of a power of appointment to reach the appointive assets in satisfaction of their claims. Only ten states and the District of Columbia have legislation on this subject, and only half of these jurisdictions have dealt effectively with the problems raised. Creditors whose claims are not protected by such statutes fall victim to the grossly inadequate provisions of the common law. It is the design of this Note to trace the common law and statutory development of the rights of creditors of a donee of a "general" power of appointment, and to discuss needed reform in terms of the merits of recent legislation.