Suchergebnisse

Bedeutung und Herausforderungen von Forschungskooperationen zwischen sekundärem und tertiärem Bildungsbereich am Beispiel des Sparkling Science Projekts "Mein Herz und ich- gemeinsam gesund!", Session 3 ABSTRACT/ KURZFASSUNG Die Förderschiene Sparkling Science des BMWF soll durch anspruchsvolle wissenschaftliche Kooperationsprojekte zwischen Forschungseinrichtungen und Schulen das Interesse von Jugendlichen am Thema Forschung steigern und somit zur Nachwuchsförderung in diesem Bereich beitragen. Gleichzeitig erlangen die Themen Gesundheit und Gesundheitsförderung gesellschaftspolitisch immer mehr an Relevanz. Ein gesundheitliches Umdenken auch in Bezug auf die Selbstverantwortung für die eigene Gesundheit soll schon bei Kindern und Jugendlichen forciert werden. Daher sind sie wichtige Zielgruppen der nachhaltigen Gesundheitsförderung. Eine wissenschaftliche Herangehensweise an gesundheitsbezogene Themenfelder bereits im sekundären Bildungsbereich bringt nicht nur innovative Erkenntnisse über Gesundheitsförderung, sondern macht Wissenschaft für die Schüler erlebbar und spannend. Im Rahmen des zweijährigen grenzüberschreitenden Sparkling Science Kooperationsprojektes "Mein Herz und ich – gemeinsam gesund!" zwischen Einrichtungen des sekundären und tertiären Bildungsbereiches wurde das Gesundheitsbewusstsein von SchülerInnen der Oberstufe als auch deren Zugang zur Gesundheitsförderung und den Sozialwissenschaften gefördert. Ausgangspunkt des Projektes war die qualitative Prozessevaluation eines vom Fonds Gesundes Österreich finanzierten Modellprojektes zur Herz-Kreislaufgesundheit mit dem Titel "Gemeinsam gesund im Bezirk Oberwart", an der sich junge ForscherInnen einer berufsbildenden höheren Schule (BHS) unter Anleitung von WissenschaftlerInnen einer Fachhochschule beteiligen durften. Die SchülerInnen lernten im Rahmen des Projektes die eigenständige Anwendung von Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung und erhielten somit umfangreiche wissenschaftliche Qualifikation. In Kooperation mit den wissenschaftlichen MitarbeiterInnen der Forschungseinrichtung führten die Jugendlichen neben Telefoninterviews unter anderem auch eine Online-Erhebung zum Rauchverhalten von Facebook-NutzerInnen durch und erfassten bzw. analysierten das eigene Ernährungsverhalten mithilfe eines Ernährungstagebuches. Aufbauend auf den erworbenen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen setzten die jungen NachwuchsforscherInnen in Form des "Peer Group Teachings" schließlich eigenständig schulbasierte Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen um und vermittelten erworbenes Wissen und Kompetenzen an MitschülerInnen. So starteten die jungen WissenschaftlerInnen beispielsweise eine eigene Kampagne gegen Essstörungen und gestalteten das eigene Schulbuffet gesünder. In bestimmten Phasen des Projektes wurden auch andere Organisationen miteinbezogen. Beispielsweise stellten die SchülerInnen ihr Wissen über Essstörungen im Rahmen einer Kampagne mit dem Titel "Vielfalt macht Schönheit" an einer Partner- Hauptschule vor und führten Nordic-Walking-Einheiten mit SeniorInnen eines Altenwohn- und Pflegeheimes durch. Weiteres entstanden aus der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Bildungs- und Forschungseinrichtung heraus zwölf Fachbereichsarbeiten zu Themen der Gesundheitsförderung. Durch dieses Projekt ergaben sich sowohl für SchülerInnen als auch für die Bildungseinrichtungen zahlreiche Vorteile. So können unterschiedliche Kompetenzen gebündelt werden, was letztendlich zum Identifizieren von Synergieeffekten führt. Durch dieses Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der sekundären und tertiären Bildungseinrichtung konnten die SchülerInnen auf kreative Weise an das Thema des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens herangeführt und für eine Ausbildung im tertiären Bildungsbereich motiviert werden. Dennoch ließen sich im Rahmen des Projektes auch Herausforderungen und Schwierigkeiten in der Zusammenarbeit feststellen. Dies betrifft vor allem zeitliche Aspekte sowie streng vorgegebene Lehrpläne seitens der BHS. Deshalb ist für eine zielführende Kooperation im operativen Bereich der tertiären und sekundären Bildungseinrichtungen auch eine enge Zusammenarbeit auf ministerieller Ebene dienlich. ; Gesundheit

Background Many of society's health problems require research-based knowledge acted on by healthcare practitioners together with implementation of political measures from governmental agencies. However, there has been limited knowledge exchange between implementation science and policy implementation research, which has been conducted since the early 1970s. Based on a narrative review of selective literature on implementation science and policy implementation research, the aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of policy implementation research, analyze key similarities and differences between this field and implementation science, and discuss how knowledge assembled in policy implementation research could inform implementation science. Discussion Following a brief overview of policy implementation research, several aspects of the two fields were described and compared: the purpose and origins of the research; the characteristics of the research; the development and use of theory; determinants of change (independent variables); and the impact of implementation (dependent variables). The comparative analysis showed that there are many similarities between the two fields, yet there are also profound differences. Still, important learning may be derived from several aspects of policy implementation research, including issues related to the influence of the context of implementation and the values and norms of the implementers (the healthcare practitioners) on implementation processes. Relevant research on various associated policy topics, including The Advocacy Coalition Framework, Governance Theory, and Institutional Theory, may also contribute to improved understanding of the difficulties of implementing evidence in healthcare. Implementation science is at a relatively early stage of development, and advancement of the field would benefit from accounting for knowledge beyond the parameters of the immediate implementation science literature. Summary There are many common issues in policy implementation research and implementation science. Research in both fields deals with the challenges of translating intentions into desired changes. Important learning may be derived from several aspects of policy implementation research.

The US minimalist movement represents an increasingly popular critical reflection on the ills of consumerism and an effort to forge new ways of living amidst consumer capitalism. In the face of escalating consumption, debt, and environmental degradation, minimalists' calls for rethinking "needs" is timely and highlights important problems that typify US capitalism. This article explores minimalists' social-theoretical insights and resistance to consumerism considering whether, and to what extent, minimalism represents a radical, anti-capitalist movement.

This book bridges three different fields: nanoscience, bioscience, and environmental sciences. It starts with fundamental electrostatics at interfaces and includes a detailed description of fundamental theories dealing with electrical double layers around a charged particle, electrokinetics, and electrical double layer interaction between charged particles. The stated fundamentals are provided as the underpinnings of sections two, three, and four, which address electrokinetic phenomena that occur in nanoscience, bioscience, and environmental science.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of transparency on the political budget cycle (PBC) over time and across countries. So far, the literature on electoral cycles finds evidence that cycles depend on the stage of an economy. However, the author shows – for the first time – a reliance of the budget cycle on transparency. The author uses a new data set consisting of 99 developing and 34 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. First, the author develops a model and demonstrates that transparency mitigates the political cycles. Second, the author confirms the proposition through the econometric assessment. The author uses time series data from 1970 to 2014 and discovers smaller cycles in countries with higher transparency, especially G8 countries.


Design/methodology/approach
Mathematical model and a respective econometric model testing.


Findings
First, the author shows in the theoretical model that higher transparency mitigates the PBC. Second, the author confirms the theoretical proposition through the econometric model. The author confirms that the countries with higher transparency have smaller budget cycles. Or technically, the author cannot reject the null-hypothesis that the budget cycles are different due to transparency.


Research limitations/implications
As explained in the paper: one issue is the data limitations in respect to the transparency measures. Data for Google are just available since 2004. Data for broadband-subscription are just on annual frequency. But both limitations can be tackled in the future. Hence, the findings are first evidence and a benchmark for future studies.


Practical implications
First, higher public transparency implies smaller budget cycles. In the end, this enhances the stability of economic and fiscal policy. Second, policy-makers have to consider the impact of higher transparency in respect to future election pledges. In a more transparent world, all voters can easily check the commitment of previous election pledges.


Social implications
Transparency helps to improve democracy and thus enhances the political credibility because it allows the voters to check the commitment of the elected policy-makers.


Originality/value
First, the author shows – for the first time – a reliance of the budget cycle on transparency. Second, the author is the first that build a new theoretical model that extends the existing literature in respect to transparency and the size of the budget cycle. Third, the author uses for the first time – in this literature – new internet-based data such as broadband-subscription and Google search data. Fourth, the author empirically proves the new hypothesis based on the new data sources.

Upon becoming president of the United States, Barack Obama formulated the policy of reset in the U.S.-Russia relations – as part of his grand project of improving international relations on a more equitable basis, with a bigger role for diplomacy and international alliances and less reliance on unilateral actions and the use of force. As part of resetting their relationship in the military-political field, the United States and Russia were able, in the first and part of the second tenure of Obama's presidency, to claim some major achievements in the military-political field, such as signing the New START Treaty, working on further nuclear disarmament measures, and developing bilateral anti-terrorist activities. U.S.-Russia cooperation also resulted in Russia's agreement to open up its air space and railways for NATO transports which helped the International Coalition to conduct operation in Afghanistan in its "surge" phase and then to successfully withdraw combat units from that country. U.S.-Russia relations were also instrumental in bridging the positions of the two countries with regard to Iran's and North Korea's nuclear problem, with Russia and China voting alongside with the United States on UN Security Council resolutions for sanctions against North Korea and Iran to make them comply with the nuclear safeguards. Yet in various regions of the world, Obama's policy – initially announced as an innovative breakthrough strategy proved instead to be reactive, aimed not at future perspective, but at dealing with the emerging crises on a case by case basis: in Lybia, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and then finally in Ukraine. The "pivot" to the Asia-Pacific, also announced by Obama's administration, was formulated without consideration of Russia's interests in the region, while at the same time causing turbulence in relations with China, and was finally overshadowed by the Ukrainian crisis and then the ISIS offensive in the Middle East. The reset fell prey to the contradictions in U.S.-Russia relations which particularly exacerbated after the events in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine and led to freezing of arms control negotiations and bilateral U.S.-Russia cooperation in the military-political field. The Ukrainian crisis is likely to have long-term negative consequences, and in particular will increase hawkish tendencies in U.S. politics. Yet this does not preclude and to the contrary increases the importance of seeking ways to strengthen stability, searching for possible measures for nuclear weapons limitations which would become applicable after bilateral relations improve. U.S.-Russia cooperation remains essential for resolving key international challenges as well as major regional problems.