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"This book provides a summary of state-of-the-art methods and research in the analysis of credit. As such, it offers very useful insights into this vital area of finance, which has too often been under-researched and little-taught in academia. Including an overview of processes that are utilized for estimating the probability of default and the loss given default for a wide array of debts, the book will also be useful in evaluating individual loans and bond, as well as managing entire portfolios of such assets"--Jacket cover

Meine Dissertation bezieht sich auf die Hauptfrage, wie der NS-Staat seine kulturelle Identität hergestellt hatte, um seine kulturelle Herrschaft zu rechtfertigen und damit sein Regime aufrechtzuhalten. Die Fabrikation seiner kulturellen Identität trat bei seiner Inszenierungsarbeit der nationalsozialistischen Kultur als einer völkischen Kultur hervor. Im Filmbereich war ein markantes Beispiel dafür "der Internationale Filmkongress Berlin 1935." Die Hauptteile meiner Dissertation handeln erstens von der filmkulturellen Gleichschaltung als Rahmenbedingung des Internationalen Filmkongresses Berlin 1935, zweitens von der konkreten Inszenierungsarbeit der Nazis bei dem Internationalen Filmkongress und drittens von seiner bedeutsamen Auswirkung auf die Konsolidierung der filmkulturellen Volksgemeinschaft auf der europäischen Ebene. Nach diesem Motto "die Ästhetisierung der Nazikultur" unternahmen die Nationalsozialisten auch im Filmbereich durchaus, die filmkulturelle Volksgemeinschaft zu realisieren. Diese Tatsache läßt sich vor allem auf drei wichtige Aspekte bestätigen: Erstens, der kulturelle Antisemitismus basiert auf die Tatsache, dass die Nazis nicht nur die politische und die wirtschaftliche Entrechtung von dem deutschen Juden, sondern auch die kulturelle Entrechtung unternommen hatten. Ein markantes Beispiel ist die antisemitische Kinokultur. Die Nazis beraubten also dem jüdischen Publikum sogar die kulturelle Rechte, ins Kino zu gehen und Filme anzusehen. Zweitens, der Filmvolkstag, der als kostenlose Filmveranstaltung beim Internationalen Filmkongress Berlin 1935 begann, machte deutlich, wie völkisch die Nazis den Kinoalltag in der NS-Kulturherrschaft inszeneiren wollten. Die Nazis waren in der Tat davon überzeugt, daß der Filmvolkstag ihre kulturelle Vision von Volksgemeinschaft verwirklicht hatte. Drittens, die Nazis proklamierten, dass der Internationale Filmkongress Berlin 1935 mit der Neugründung der Internationalen Filmkammer einen Grundstein zum Aufbau der europäischen Filmgemeinschaft gelegt hatte, womit sie tatsächlch die kulturelle Hegemonie auf Film-Europa in Besitz nahmen, sogar in der kritischen Kriegszeit mit dem Zweck, die europäische Filmeinheitsfront unter deutschem Hegemonialanspruch gegen England, Frankreich und die USA wieder aufzubauen. ; This paper ist studying on the historical problem, how the Nazi dictatorship has made his cultural image in the public space, in oder to build up an cultural consensus which was absolutly necessary for confirming his political rule. The fabrication of his cultural identity can be found at the Nazis' cultural projects of the remaking of the Nazi culture as the popular (oder voelkische) culture. In the area of the film culture is a good example 'the international film congress Berlin 1935.' This paper ist composed of three parts. Firstly, it probed into the historical meaning of the cultural Gleichschaltung as an important context of the international film congress Berlin 1935. Secondly, it portrayed the concrete procesedure of the Nazis' image-making works at the popular representation of the international film congress and thirdly worked out the strong impact on the consolidation of the cultural Volksgemeinschaft in the european dimension. With the motto of 'the aesthetics of the Nazi culture' the Nazis should realize their cultural dream of the popular film culture and its Volksgemeinschaft in the area of the film culture. This important fact could be found at the three points as follows. First of all, the cultural antisemitism had an historiacl reality considering the new fact hat the Nazis had got rid of many cultural rights of the german Jews asides their political and economical rights. An good example is the antisemitic cinema culture in the Nazi dictatorship. The Nazis finally thieved the cultural rights of the jewisch cinemagoers to enter into the cinema and to see the films. Secondly, the Filmvolkstag as the special event of the free entrance into the cinema at the international film congress Berlin 1935 gave the most important example of the fact, how popular the Nazis built up the everyday life of the cinema unter the cultural rule of the Nazi dictatorship. The Nazi considered that the Filmvolkstag was the realization of their cultural vision of the Volksgemeinschaft. Thirdly, the Nazis said, that the International Film Congress Berlin 1935 had built up the international Film Chamber which should have an important role at the building-up of the european Filmgemeinschaft and should funtion as the main instrument giving the Nazi the chance of practising the cultural hegemony over the Film-Europa, especially during the Second World War.

When do international institutions effectively promote economic cooperation among countries and help them resolve conflict? Although the international system lacks any central governing authority, states have created rules, particularly around international economic relations, and empowered international tribunals to enforce those rules. Just how successful are these institutions? In this book, Lauren J. Peritz demonstrates that these international courts do indeed deliver results - but they are only effective under certain conditions. As Peritz shows, states are less likely to comply with international rules and international court decisions when domestic industries have the political ability to obstruct compliance in particular cases.

This article is devoted to a number of issues relating to the functioning of international commercial arbitration as a non-State mechanism for the settlement of international commercial disputes in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In article also found a brief introduction on the history of arbitration in Uzbekistan since its independence. Special attention is paid to the rules introduced since the entry into force of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On international commercial arbitration". Moreover, the author highlights some problematic issues and inconsistencies that exist in the legislation on legal proceedings in arbitration courts. The author also addresses several issues regarding the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards.

Despite intense public and policy debates about the termination (and re-instatement) of sanctions in cases such as Iran, Cuba and Russia, research has hitherto focused on sanctions imposition and effectiveness, directing little attention towards their removal. Existing work has been constrained by a lack of adequate data. In response, we introduce a novel dataset that contains information on the termination of all EU, UN, US and regional sanctions between 1990 and 2018. In contrast to previous datasets, which rely on media reports, the International Sanctions Termination (IST) dataset systematically codes official governmental and intergovernmental documents. It contains information on the design of sanctions – including expiry dates, review provisions and termination requirements – and captures the gradual process of adapting and ending sanctions. The article describes the data collection process, considers IST's complementarity to and compatibility with existing datasets, and discusses the newly captured variables, exploring how they affect the termination of sanctions. The results indicate that changes in the sender's goals and investments in monitoring devices lead to significantly longer sanctions spells. By contrast, clearly stipulated termination requirements decrease the expected duration of sanctions.

Despite intense public and policy debates about the termination (and re-instatement) of sanctions in cases such as Iran, Cuba and Russia, research has hitherto focused on sanctions imposition and effectiveness, directing little attention towards their removal. Existing work has been constrained by a lack of adequate data. In response, we introduce a novel dataset that contains information on the termination of all EU, UN, US and regional sanctions between 1990 and 2018. In contrast to previous datasets, which rely on media reports, the International Sanctions Termination (IST) dataset systematically codes official governmental and intergovernmental documents. It contains information on the design of sanctions – including expiry dates, review provisions and termination requirements – and captures the gradual process of adapting and ending sanctions. The article describes the data collection process, considers IST's complementarity to and compatibility with existing datasets, and discusses the newly captured variables, exploring how they affect the termination of sanctions. The results indicate that changes in the sender's goals and investments in monitoring devices lead to significantly longer sanctions spells. By contrast, clearly stipulated termination requirements decrease the expected duration of sanctions.

Antiterrorism legislation that has been drafted & enacted after September 11 (2001) certainly carries clear signs of coordination & convergence. Coordination & convergence have been pushed by precise demands voiced by the UN, the security council, & other international & supranational bodies. Moreover, antiterrorism legislation after 9/11 implements a program that was developed in the context of controlling transnational organized crime, money laundering, & illegal immigration in the 1980s & 1990s. Antiterrorism legislation is of a cross sectional nature as it is headed towards amendments not only of criminal law but also towards amending telecommunication law, immigration law, police law, etc. In substantial criminal law we find new offence statutes that penalize support of terrorist organizations & financing terrorism. In procedural law police powers have been widened while telecommunication providers are subject to prolonged periods of keeping data. Cooperation between police & intelligence agencies has been facilitated; the emergence of task force approaches that combine police, intelligence agencies, customs, immigration authorities, etc, is pointing also to the convergence of policies of prevention & repression. At large, antiterrorism legislation demonstrates the transformation of the formerly privileged status of politically & ideologically motivated violence into behavior deemed to be particularly dangerous & therefore eligible for increased penalties & incapacitation. Such transformation can be also understood as the emergence of an enemy type criminal law that is opposed to the version of criminal law that addresses citizens & with that treasures the salience of civil liberties. 49 References. Adapted from the source document.

This book, based on extensive original research by a range of leading experts, examines many key aspects of current reforms in China's financial sector and China's increasing integration into the international economy. Subjects covered include: the derivatives market; stock market liberalisation; and international foreign direct investment by Chinese firms.

Collection : Études et documents. Série B, Conditions économiques ; n° 14 ; Collection : Études et documents ; n° 14