Suchergebnisse

Afrikas Schuldenkrise wird zunächst zurückgeführt auf die Folgen der weltweiten Rezession 1980-82. Der anschließende Konjunkturaufschwung wirkte sich für Afrika nicht positiv aus, weil die Exporterlöse für Kaffee, Kakao, Kupfer, Erdnüsse und Zucker sanken. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden zunächst die Beziehungen Afrikas zu IWF und Weltbank diskutiert. Abschließend drei Fallbeispiele - Nigeria, Tansania und Mosambik - zur Frage, ob es eine Beziehung zwischen wirtschaftspolitischer Ideologie und wirtschaftlichem Erfolg gibt. Angesichts überwiegend negativer internationaler Rahmenbedingungen wird die Bedeutung nationalstaatlicher gesellschaftspolitischer Orientierung als gering eingestuft. (DÜI-Wsl)

The increasing capacity of states to muster violence, the concomitant rise of military power as a meaningful instrument of foreign policy, and the frequent episodic collapse of that power are considered in this examination of force, order, and diplomacy. Nathan points to periods of relative order and stability in international relations-the time immediately prior to the rise of Frederick the Great, for example, or the half century after the Napoleonic Wars-as times when states have been most vulnerable to spoilers and rogues. Only the power of the Cold War blocs fostered durable order. Now, no.

In part because of the urgency of developing an art & sci of international communication as a means of reducing resort to war, there seems to have been more res & writing on this, & on internationally signif opinions, in the past 10 yrs than in the previous 25 or 50. Some 50 important studies are cited & discussed. While many of these represent thinking that is a bit obsolete since the H-bomb, there have been signif advances in the study of international propaganda operations, educ'al, sci'fic, educ'al & cultural exchanges, international news-handling & conferences, etc. In all this, far more attention has been paid to communication as an instrumentality in `cold war' than to its uses in promoting `the good life' for its own sake. With regard to the latter, publications produced by & for UNESCO have been among the most important contributions. AA.

Why do some civil wars turn into interstate wars? I analyze an asymmetric information model of civil war onset, rebel-sided intervention, and interstate retaliation with endogenous stakes. Interstate war occurs when rebels believe that the threat of intervention will compel the government to acquiesce, the third party believes that the government will tolerate an intervention, but they both underestimate the government's resolve. The model also has implications for civil wars. Retaliation can deter intervention and rebellion, but intervention can compel the government to give up power, so predicting civil war requires accounting for this triadic interaction.