Suchergebnisse

In the 1990s, the courts, in dealing with administrative cases, reinforced their function of helping to stabilise the economic reforms by consequently reviewing cases concerning infringements of business-autonomy

What has been called "The Age of Empire" (Hobsbawm) is out of date. The specificities of colonial exploitation and domination of fundamentally premodern countries (not yet "states", let alone capitalized nation-states) by the foremost European powers have still quite some impact, but they don't correspond to the present stages of world wide capitalist accumulation. Is the term imperialism therefore out of date too? In this article it will be argued - together with authors like the late Harry Magdoff and James Petras for instance - that the term imperialism implies quite some advantages to the vague and aseptic term globalization. First, it is a critical term, which demonstrates the close linkage between the global capitalization, the formation of inequality and domination. Second, it is much more precise, as it shows the dynamic tendencies of capitalist expansion and its intensification at the same time. If one persuades oneself and the reader, that the term imperialism can fulfil an necessary analytical function, than one has to make sure that the meaning (or "aura") of it has to be modified quite considerably. In the main parts of this article, which proceeds in a historical manner, the arguments circle around a new qualification imperialism as "Introverted imperialism". The historical and systematic starting point is the closing of the world market as an internally directed market. (Prokla / FUB)

Während andere Autoren die "Deliberalisierung" in Jordanien auf die Auswirkungen des israelisch-jordanischen Friedensprozesses und das Erstarken einer islamistischen Opposition zurückführen, wird in dieser Studie ein Erklärungsansatz vorgestellt, der nach der Funktion der Liberalisierungspolitik fragt. Sowohl die politische und wirtschaftliche Liberalisierung wie auch die gegenwärtige Deliberalisierung dienen hiernach der Herrschaftsabsicherung und sind Mittel zur Restrukturierung der Beziehungen zwischen der Monarchie und den beiden für ihr Überleben wichtigsten gesellschaftlichen Gruppen: Transjordanier und lokale Geschäftsleute. Besonders eingegangen wird auf die Manipulation des Wahlrechts und das wirtschaftliche Reformprogramm. (DÜI-Hns)

Due to its overwhelming significance among taxes on earnings in the agricultural and forestry sector, the analyses are primarily concentrated on the international comparison of effective income tax burden in the selected EU Member States as well as Canada, the United States and Japan. In this context, it is particularly stressed that, instead of applying actual earnings, the determination of taxable profits (or income) for small-sized agricultural firms takes place on the basis of standard, blanket amount of earnings in several investigated countries. In addition, national rules on real property tax are introduced in a systematic way. Furthermore, on the basis of legal information existing in the individual countries, an attempt is made in the second step to quantify the impact of such different tax systems on the basis of a model calculation. Although the rules about public subsidies for agriculture and forestry in the EU appear to be largely harmonised, the varied tax treatment of such transfers as extra earnings leads, ceteris paribus, to different effective tax burdens in the individual countries. This fact, in turn, suggests urgent needs for further political discussions on the EU level. The study consists of two parts. The former provides a general, comparative overview of taxation in agricul-ture and forestry in the investigated countries. The latter, with the so-called country reports shows the relevant laws and rules in the individual countries in more detail.