Suchergebnisse

This research is funded by the Latvian Council of Science, project "Novel transparent nanocomposite oxyfluoride materials for optical applications", project No. LZP-2018/1-0335. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017- TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2. ; LaOCl doped with 0–10 mol% Cr was synthesized by thermal decomposition of chlorides. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that incorporation of chromium results in a decrease of the lattice parameter a and a simultaneous increase of the lattice parameter c. The local structure of chromium ions was studied with X-ray photoelectron (XPS), X-ray absorption (XANES), multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy techniques. It was determined that synthesis in oxidizing atmosphere promotes the incorporation of chromium ions predominantly in the 5+ oxidation state. Changes of chromium oxidation state and local environment occur after a subsequent treatment in reducing atmosphere. Spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters for a Cr5+ and two types of Cr3+ centers in LaOCl were determined from the EPR spectra simulations. ; Latvian Council of Science,project No. LZP-2018/1-0335; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.

"Chartered as a private corporation partially supported by Pennsylvania state subsidy, Sleighton Farm was an institution which provided special correctional education for youthful offenders in the late 1800s. This study followed up on the progress of 110 women who had been committed to and subsequently released from this institution. Almost without exception, the women, aged 25-29 years at the time of the study, were classified as sex delinquents who had come under the arm of the law. The follow-up interviews were conducted 8-10 years post-release. This study represents the first attempt to test objectively the program and methods of modern reformatory training"--Chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Recent research on democratisation has highlighted the importance of religious actors in shaping political development. Scholars argue that the nature of state–religion relations could impact political activism of these actors. Comparing two of the largest Muslim countries in Asia, Indonesia and Pakistan, the objective of this article is to understand their post-authoritarian divergent political trajectories through an examination of their state–religion relations. Based on the comparative analysis of the institutional relationship and political theology, the article concludes that Indonesia and Pakistan differ in their respective patterns of state–religion relations, whereas the 'respect-all' model of Indonesia's state–religion relations, characterised by mutual respect and accommodation between political authorities and religious institutions, helps consolidate its democracy by constructing institutional independence, its moderate political theology also embraces democratic values and pluralism. In contrast, Pakistan's integrated state–religion relations, the absence of a 'respect-all' model, and its commitment to traditional political theology aimed at establishing an Islamic state pose challenges to its democratisation efforts. Drawing implications for peacebuilding and security, Indonesia's state–religion relations could offer a potential model for Muslim democracy in South Asia and beyond.