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Introduction: The present study examines the information on the medical profession and how the changes occurring in the medical practice, the social role and the evaluation of the physician are reflected in the English and Hungarian language medical sociology textbooks used in Hungary. Method: We analyzed chapters of Hungarian language medical sociology textbooks of thelast 25 years that discuss medical profession and student choices, and textbooks used in English language courses of Semmelweis University. Results: The corpus of the Hungarian textbooks (history of medical profession, medical role models, models of doctor-patient relationships, medical socialization) stayed relatively unchanged. While preserving the myth of the medical profession, there are criticisms towards the role and relationship models. The theme of the medical education gradually disappears from theEnglish language textbooks. The social positions of the medical profession and health care are discussed in a broader context, focusing on the health care system and health care provision, incorporating the allied professions, and taking aspects of patients/consumers into greater consideration. Summary: Both textbook types reflect on the changes in the social position of the medical profession. However, the English literature approaches the modernization processes from the angles of the health care system and health care provision, resulting in the diminishing importance of the topic of medical profession while the Hungarian literature focuses on the profession and professional education of physicians.

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARTNERS IN A DIGITAL AGE: FAMILY MEDIATION POSSIBILITIES7 ABSTRACT Digital tools enable numerous advantages in everyday life, and the usage of the Internet is increasing in all age groups. Communication through modern technologies is conducted in everyday private and professional relationships, and therefore digital environment brings numerous changes in the area of interpersonal relationships. The influence of the online environment on partner relationships is in the focus of researchers and practitioners alike. The aim of this paper is to present modern trends in the area of partner communication in the digital environment and to present the possibilities and challenges for family mediators in the contemporary digital age particularly significant in actual crisis of COVID 19 pandemic. The first part of the paper is focused on partner relationships in the modern, digital age and it presents the results of the research in the area of partner communication in the online environment, as well as the implications for the practitioners in the area of partner relationships. The second part of the paper presents the possibilities of family mediation in the online environment. Digital tools and possibilities of online communication have many benefits in the professional practice of helping professionals who, due to the additional demands of the online environment, have the responsibility to improve their digital competencies and to implement modern technologies in their daily practice. Since the online environment brings specific ethical challenges to professionals, this paper will present the ethical standards needed for the area of online family mediation. The paper briefly presents the digital tools and applications which can be useful to the partners and family mediators during the family mediation process. Key words: digital environment, partner communication, family mediation, digital tools.

"Examining theory and practice, Advertising and Anthropology is a lively and important contribution to the study of organizational culture, consumption practices, marketing to consumers and the production of creativity in corporate settings. The chapters reflect the authors' extensive lived experienced as professionals in the advertising business and marketing research industry. Essays analyze internal agency and client meetings, competitive pressures and professional relationships and include multiple case studies. The authors describe the structure, function and process of advertising agency work, the mediation and formation of creativity, the centrality of human interactions in agency work, the production of consumer insights and industry ethics. Throughout the book, the authors offer concrete advice for practitioners. Advertising and Anthropology is written by anthropologists for anthropologists as well as students and scholars interested in advertising and related industries such as marketing, marketing research and design"--

This paper focuses on the dynamic trends in the establishment and operation of art workshops in Africa. Workshop here does not refer to the space in which an artist produces their work; rather, it connotes a collaborative and interactive platform on which artists come together as peers, regardless of age, gender, social status and professional qualification, to share ideas and/or produce art. Thus, several artists have, through such platforms, fostered professional relationships, pushed their creative boundaries, as well as encountered and explored new materials, techniques and contexts. However, fundamental changes have occurred over the years in the operational methodologies of these art workshops, from the colonial era to the contemporary period. Adopting the postcolonial approach, this paper examines the shift in the operational aim and approach of these art workshops. The paper also considers the creative implications of such shifts in trends.

International cooperation is an integral part of furthering medical and scientific progress. Many specilist societies exist for that purpose and have written into their constitutions that such cooperation and coordination is their aim. They hope to achieve their aims by exchange, in all languages, of information and by so doing strengthen the relations between individual physicians and scentists as well as between corporate professional bodies from different countries. However, at the same time emphasis is laid on the political neutrality of such organsations. Increasingly, this 'neutrality' is being questioned as doctors and scientists become aware of abuse and distortion of their profession taking place in other countries. H Merskey highlights the problems and offers his opinion on the ethics of maintaining these professional relationships with colleagues abroad who are involved in such abuse and distortion.

This study explores how the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced family routines, relationships and technology use (smartphones and tablet computers) among families with infants. Infancy is known to be an important period for attachment security and future child development, and a time of being susceptible to changes within and outside of the family unit. A qualitative design using convenience sampling was employed. A total of 30 mothers in Perth, Western Australia participated in semi‐structured interviews by audio or video call. All mothers were parents of infants aged 9 to 15 months old. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and data were analysed using thematic analysis to code and identify themes in an inductive manner. Families described staying home and stopping all external activities. Three themes relating to family interactions and wellbeing were found: enhanced family relationships; prompted reflection on family schedules; and increased parental stress. Two themes related to family device use were found: enabled connections to be maintained; and source of disrupted interactions within the family unit. Overall, participants described more advantages than downsides of device use during COVID‐19. Findings will be of value in providing useful information for families, health professionals and government advisors for use during future pandemic‐related restrictions.

The Society of 27 Book Lovers in Kaunas that functioned in 1930–1940 played an important role in the history of Lithuanian culture. It signified the outset of the organized bibliophilic movement in Lithuania. The society, brought together by Vytautas Steponitis, Paulius Galaunė, Viktoras Cimkauskas and other like-minded people, contributed immensely in shaping the tradition of bibliophilic activity, upraised the culture of the Lithuanian book, and developed aesthetic circulation and bibliophilic book publishing (10 publications were published). All of thiswas done by a dozen (ranging in number from 15 to 21) devoted book lovers and bibliophiles par excellence. Their bibliophilic hobby transcended the boundaries of amateur activities, and the Society operated as a professional publishing house giving rise to the publishing of scientific periodicals of book science. The article, based on the archivesof this Society kept in the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, analyses personal expression of the members of the Society, their interrelationships, seeks an answer leading to the fact that extremely prominent figures managed to get together for fruitful bibliophilic activities, examines the atmosphere that prevailed in the amateur meetings of the Society of 27 Book Lovers, publishing and various other activities in the daily life. It is not intended to bring to light all the members of the Society, the article focuses only on some of the most prominent personalities and those moments of their activity that have not been previously examined by other researchers. It was concluded that the rotation of the amateur members of the Society of 27 Book Lovers was natural, determined by various life circumstances: the Society, which launched its activities in 1931 had 15 members, and until 1940, another 12 new members joined in, however the Society lost 10 of them as well. The number of seceding members was determined by the distancing of some members from bibliophilic ideas, lack of time (professional activities, positions of high responsibility), etc. However, the core of the Society (about 10 to 12 people) remained stable at all times and ensured the productive work of the Society. The productive activities of the Society were directly influenced by the chairmen elected for the term of 3 years (V.Steponaitis, Kazys Bizauskas, Juozas Balčiūnas-Švaistas), however, other members, even without being on the board, acted as contributors to various activities. The Society operated according to a very formalized procedure (recording of meetings, board meetings, excursions and other activities, approval of minutes, etc.), however, at the same time the archives of the Society testify that a cosy amiable atmosphere of communication and a sense of humour prevailed. This group of people was of one mind, they knew each other for a long time, almost all of them were of the same generation and of similar age. Differing political views did not interfere with bibliophilic activities. The correspondence of the members of the board on the failures of the publishing of publications reveals intercommunion, the realized meaning of the cultural work, the significance of V.Steponaitisas a personality uniting the Society in its activities. The activities of the Society of 27 Book Lovers demonstrated that such work could be carried out only by a strong group of exceptional figures, the activities of whom distinctly represented the elite bibliophilia, and hence, the tradition of the organized bibliophilic movement organically stemming even from the 19thcentury. The 27 Book Lovers managed to extend this tradition. ; 1930–1940m. Kaune veikusi XXVII knygos mėgėjų draugija suvaidino svarbų vaidmenį Lietuvos kultūros istorijoje. Ji žymėjo organizuoto bibliofilinio judėjimo pradžią Lietuvoje. Vytauto Steponaičio, Pauliaus Galaunės, Viktoro Cimkausko ir kitų bendraminčių suburta draugija daug nuveikė formuojant bibliofilinės veiklos tradiciją, kėlė lietuviškosios knygos kultūrą, ugdė estetiškos tiražinės ir bibliofilinės knygos leidybą (išleista 10 leidinių). Visa tai atliko keliolika (jų skaičius svyravo nuo 15 iki 21) pasišventusių knygos mėgėjų ir bibliofilų par exellance. Jų bibliofilinis hobis peraugo saviveiklinio darbo ribas, draugija veikė kaip profesionali leidykla, davusi pradžią knygotyros mokslinės periodikos leidybai. Straipsnyje, remiantis Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Vrublevskių bibliotekoje saugomu šios draugijos archyvu, nagrinėjama draugijos narių asmenybinė raiška, jų tarpusavio santykiai, ieškoma atsakymo, kas lėmė, kad itin ryškios individualybės gebėjo vienytis vaisingai bibliofilinei veiklai, kokia atmosfera tvyrojo XXVII knygos mėgėjų susirinkimuose, leidybinės ir įvairios kitos veiklos kasdienybėje. Nesiekta atskleisti visų valdybos narių, koncentruojamasi tik į kai kurias ryškiausias asmenybes ir tuos jų veiklos momentus, kurie anksčiau dar nebuvo nagrinėti kitų tyrėjų. Prieita prie išvados, kad XXVII knygos mėgėjų narių kaita buvo natūrali, nulemta įvairių gyvenimiškųjų aplinkybių: 1931-aisiais pradėjusi savo veiklą turėdama 15 narių, draugija iki 1940m. pasipildė dar 12 naujų, bet taip pat dešimties narių neteko. Išstojusiųjų skaičių lėmė kai kurių nutolimas nuo bibliofilinių idėjų, laiko stoka (profesinis užimtumas, aukštos atsakingos pareigos) ir pan. Vis dėlto draugijos branduolys (apie dešimt–dvylika asmenų) visą laiką išliko stabilus ir užtikrino produktyvų draugijos darbą. Rezultatyviai draugijos veiklai tiesioginės įtakos turėjo trejiems metams renkami valdybos pirmininkai (jais buvo V.Steponaitis, Kazys Bizauskas, Juozas Balčiūnas-Švaistas), bet ir kiti nariai, net nebūdami valdyboje, buvo įvairių darbų pagalbininkai. Draugija veikė pagal itin formalizuotą veiklos tvarką (susirinkimų, valdybos posėdžių, ekskursijų ir kitokios veiklos protokolavimas, protokolų tvirtinimas ir pan.), bet kartu draugijos archyvas liudija, kad kasdienėje jos veikloje vyravo jauki draugiška bendravimo atmosfera, nestokota humoro. Kolektyvas buvo susigyvenęs, dauguma buvo seniai pažįstami, beveik visi tos pačios kartos, panašaus amžiaus žmonės. Skirtingos politinės pažiūros netrukdė bibliofilinei veiklai. Archyve išlikęs valdybos narių susirašinėjimas dėl leidinių spausdinimo nesėkmių atskleidžia tarpusavio santykius, įsisąmonintą kultūrinio darbo prasmę, V.Steponaičio, kaip draugiją vienijusios asmenybės, reikšmę draugijos veikloje. XXVII knygos mėgėjų veikla rodo, kad tokią veiklą galėjo vykdyti tik stiprus išskirtinių asmenybių kolektyvas, savo veikla aiškiai atstovavęs elitinei bibliofilijai, taigi organiškai dar iš XIX a. einančiai organizuoto bibliofilinio judėjimo tradicijai. XXVII knygos mėgėjams pavyko ją pratęsti.

Background: Work design integrates work characteristics having organizational, social and job components which influence employees' welfare and also organizational goals. We investigated the effects of work characteristics and other predictors to job satisfaction, turnover intention, and burnout in doctors of the public primary, public secondary and private facilities of the district health system of Bangladesh. Methods: A quantitative study using a self-administered questionnaire containing mostly structured items was conducted among the public and private doctors with a sample size of 384 from 29 out of a total 64 districts of Bangladesh during October and November 2015. All variables including work characteristics and outcomes of interest were based on literature and measured on 5-point Likert scale. Multivariate analysis of variance, bivariate correlation, and multiple regression were the models operated through SPSS version-21. Results: A total of 354 doctors responded. No significant differences were found between public primary and secondary level doctors on combined work characteristics and outcomes variables, which however differed significantly between the public and private doctors. Organizational support was the strongest predictor adversely affecting job satisfaction, turnover intention and burnout of both the public and private doctors; private doctors' experienced more support. The effects of health-professional politics on the public doctors were alarming. Conclusion: Work design of the Bangladesh's health system is in need of ample development. Doing so, improvement in organizational supports is crucial; however, other work characteristics components are also important for enhancing doctors' welfare and health system productivity.

Spiritual care is increasingly seen as a task of all health care professionals. This is challenging for chaplains working in health care, who hold spiritual care at the heart of their profession but don't feel rooted in a strong professional identity. In this article we discuss a participatory action research that aimed at strengthening the professional identity of health care chaplains by forming collaborative learning communities of chaplains and general practice mental health. The focus is on the 'boundary work' and how participatory action research contributes to this. Relational professionalism, Dialogical Self Theory and Boundary Theory are combined to interpret the complex relational-dialogical processes of negotiating one's identity within the relationships with diverse others: clients, mental health nurses and society. The result is a more articulated and at the same time flexible professional identity for healthcare chaplains. Participatory action research contributes to these boundary processes by stimulating reflection, explicating, eliciting or encouraging different voices and facilitating the dialogue between these professionals.

National audience ; Marked by a history of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, family farms have been successively qualified as sectorial, productivist and then multifunctional, embedded in their territories or post-productivist. In order to understand the genesis of this model of " territorialized farm " , this paper proposes a geo-historical review of political and scientific debates on family farm over the last 50 years. Family farms thus appear as social entities redefined by the successive agricultural and rural development approaches. This analysis highlights the role of scientists in legitimating and defending the different models. While the analytical framework of farm systems is continuing to expand, such multiple and competing reclassifications could lead to confuse the actual object on the one hand and the socio-political project on the other. This tends to conceal life, professional and inheritance choices of the farmer and his family which are however at the center of the rationale governing family farm. ; Successivement agricole, sectorielle puis rurale, multifonctionnelle et territoriale, les débats sur l'exploitation familiale depuis 1960 sont traversés par une histoire de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation. À partir d'une relecture chronologique des débats scientifiques et politiques sur les modèles d'exploitation, cet article propose une analyse géo-historique rétrospective des enjeux actuels portés par « l'exploitation territoriale ». L'exploitation familiale se révèle ainsi comme une forme sociale saisie et requalifiée par les différents projets de développement agricole et rural. Les scientifiques jouent un rôle majeur dans ce travail de construction des légitimités sociales et politiques. Les cadres d'analyse de l'exploitation familiale s'élargissent mais ces requalifications multiples et concurrentielles prêtent à confondre l'objet et le projet politique et social. Elles masquent les choix de vie, de métier et les choix patrimoniaux de l'agriculteur et de sa famille ...

National audience ; Marked by a history of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, family farms have been successively qualified as sectorial, productivist and then multifunctional, embedded in their territories or post-productivist. In order to understand the genesis of this model of " territorialized farm " , this paper proposes a geo-historical review of political and scientific debates on family farm over the last 50 years. Family farms thus appear as social entities redefined by the successive agricultural and rural development approaches. This analysis highlights the role of scientists in legitimating and defending the different models. While the analytical framework of farm systems is continuing to expand, such multiple and competing reclassifications could lead to confuse the actual object on the one hand and the socio-political project on the other. This tends to conceal life, professional and inheritance choices of the farmer and his family which are however at the center of the rationale governing family farm. ; Successivement agricole, sectorielle puis rurale, multifonctionnelle et territoriale, les débats sur l'exploitation familiale depuis 1960 sont traversés par une histoire de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation. À partir d'une relecture chronologique des débats scientifiques et politiques sur les modèles d'exploitation, cet article propose une analyse géo-historique rétrospective des enjeux actuels portés par « l'exploitation territoriale ». L'exploitation familiale se révèle ainsi comme une forme sociale saisie et requalifiée par les différents projets de développement agricole et rural. Les scientifiques jouent un rôle majeur dans ce travail de construction des légitimités sociales et politiques. Les cadres d'analyse de l'exploitation familiale s'élargissent mais ces requalifications multiples et concurrentielles prêtent à confondre l'objet et le projet politique et social. Elles masquent les choix de vie, de métier et les choix patrimoniaux de l'agriculteur et de sa famille ...

National audience ; Marked by a history of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, family farms have been successively qualified as sectorial, productivist and then multifunctional, embedded in their territories or post-productivist. In order to understand the genesis of this model of " territorialized farm " , this paper proposes a geo-historical review of political and scientific debates on family farm over the last 50 years. Family farms thus appear as social entities redefined by the successive agricultural and rural development approaches. This analysis highlights the role of scientists in legitimating and defending the different models. While the analytical framework of farm systems is continuing to expand, such multiple and competing reclassifications could lead to confuse the actual object on the one hand and the socio-political project on the other. This tends to conceal life, professional and inheritance choices of the farmer and his family which are however at the center of the rationale governing family farm. ; Successivement agricole, sectorielle puis rurale, multifonctionnelle et territoriale, les débats sur l'exploitation familiale depuis 1960 sont traversés par une histoire de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation. À partir d'une relecture chronologique des débats scientifiques et politiques sur les modèles d'exploitation, cet article propose une analyse géo-historique rétrospective des enjeux actuels portés par « l'exploitation territoriale ». L'exploitation familiale se révèle ainsi comme une forme sociale saisie et requalifiée par les différents projets de développement agricole et rural. Les scientifiques jouent un rôle majeur dans ce travail de construction des légitimités sociales et politiques. Les cadres d'analyse de l'exploitation familiale s'élargissent mais ces requalifications multiples et concurrentielles prêtent à confondre l'objet et le projet politique et social. Elles masquent les choix de vie, de métier et les choix patrimoniaux de l'agriculteur et de sa famille ...

The Australian School of International Relations" challenges the widely-held misconception that there was little significance in Australian international relations thinking prior to 1960. Cotton considers and expounds the ideas of the eight international thinkers who were principal members of the early Australian school of international relations that occurred from 1920-1960. Each of the eight thinkers analyzed in this work helped initiate the formal academic study of international relations through their contributions to policy-making, participating in a complex network of personal and professional relationships. Comprehensive and accessible, "The Australian School of International Relations" is a valuable contribution to the fields of international relations and intellectual history

The caucus will allow artists to express their full potentials in the supportive and creative environment space. Arts have been a prevalent component of queer activism, politics, and identity formation. Queer artists face additional barriers like lack funding, commercialization, censorship, commodification, and oversight within their field and in relationship to others. Creating a meeting space for queer artists will allow for us to develop our own language and further develop our professional relationships and practices; it will further nurture and inspire the study of queer history, theory, criticism, and studio practices. Topics for discussion include history, resource sharing, advocacy, compensation, queer artistic languages, and other topics that are relevant to the group.

This paper explores dilemmas and tensions between two models of school based inter‐agency meetings to prevent disciplinary exclusion from school. The first model is characterised by innovative practice developed through long established professional relationships and addresses both individual and strategic issues in supporting young people who are at risk of disciplinary exclusion from school. The second model strongly emphasises the right to participation of young people and their families in school based inter‐agency meetings. Research participants in three Scottish councils (parents, pupils, teachers and other professionals1) had identified school based inter‐agency meetings as key to the process of inter‐agency working to prevent school exclusion.