Suchergebnisse

This research was conducted from 2005 to 2009 based on a study of the 222 disciplinary proceedings recorded at the registry of the Vesoul remand centre as well as on interviews with the convicts who were punished for transgressing the prison's bylaw. It aims at measuring the social effects of carceral discipline. As a number of researches are already devoted to the practical aspect of the carceral issue (such as penal policies or institutional organisation), it has seemed relevant to complete these approaches by looking into how the various actors in the carceral field (inmates, guardians, heads of staff) view the power relations as established in prison and how they view the shoe in particular, wich is seen here as the keystone of the carceral structure. A rhetorical analysis of the interviews of the inmates puts into light how the shoe is either tactically used or avoided. It highlights the inmates' ability to remain active in a context in wich the main stake is to keep and to broaden one's space of freedom. The contrast between the words of the inmates and the philosophy of the institution questions the ability of prison to deliver on the mission imparted to it by the legislator, i.e. to assist with the social rehabilitation of the incarcerated population. One can even wonder whether carceral discipline does not contribute to the consolidation of the criminal role of inmates through a system of labelling and stigmatization. The conclusions of this analysis grounded in decision theory lead the author to suggest new professional practices, made possible by the implementation of the European Prison Rules, to better match the security imperative and the necessary rehabilitation of convicts ; Conduite, de 2005 à 2009, à partir d'une étude des 222 procédures disciplinaires enregistrées au greffe de la maison d'arrêt de Vesoul et d'entretiens avec les détenus sanctionnés pour avoir transgressé le règlement intérieur de l'établissement, cette recherche a pour but de mesurer les effets sociaux de la discipline ...

Among the many critiques of competency-based approaches to education and training (CBT) is a strain which draws on Foucault's analysis of 'disciplinary' power and knowledge. Foucault offered an interpretation of modern institutions, such as prisons, armies and schools, which revealed subtle mechanisms of surveillance and systems of knowledge that shaped the self-understanding and activity of participants. Robinson (1993) and Edwards and Usher (1994) were among the first researchers to call attention to the disciplinary potential of CBT. But Foucault went on to argue that discipline is a component in an overarching system he called 'governmentality'. The analysis of governmentality augments the analysis of discipline by foregrounding the effects of knowledge of populations and modes of power that operate at a distance. In this article, the disciplinary critique of competency-based systems is extended by demonstrating the relevance of Foucault's analysis of governmentality to a contemporary national system of CBT. The authors use a case of 25 years of CBT in an Australian vocational education institution as a scaffold for the argument. This case is germane because it presents a succession of practices of CBT which allows us to trace and scrutinise a shift from a disciplinary to a governmental framework.

Over the last three decades, neoliberal restructuring of the economy created a symbiosis of debt and discipline. New legal regimes and strategic use of monetary policy displaced Keynesian welfare, facilitated financialization of the economy, broke the power of organized labor, and expanded debt to sustain aggregate demand. Public laws and policies created a field of possibility within which financial markets extended their reach and brought ever-increasing sections of the working classes and the marginalized within the ambit of the credit economy. Reordered public policies and new norms of personal responsibility demarcated the horizon within which the economically vulnerable pursued strategies of economic survival and security. Neoliberalism deployed refashioned concepts of individual responsibility and human capital to facilitate assemblage of subjects who would engage the financialized economy as risk-taking entrepreneurs. Faced with restructured labor markets, wage pressures, and shrinking welfare, working classes found themselves with little choice but to pay for their basic needs through debt. Engulfment in debt, in turn, induced self-discipline and conformity with the logic of the financialized economy and precarious labor markets. This ensemble sutured debt with discipline.

Remote sensing image target detection is widely used for both civil and military purposes. However, two factors need to be considered for remote sensing image target detection: real-time and accuracy for detecting targets that occupy few pixels. Considering the two above issues, the main research objective of this paper is to improve the performance of the YOLO algorithm in remote sensing image target detection. The reason is that the YOLO models can guarantee both detection speed and accuracy. More specifically, the YOLOv3 model with an auxiliary network is further improved in this paper. Our model improvement consists of four main components. Firstly, an image blocking module is used to feed fixed size images to the YOLOv3 network ; secondly, to speed up the training of YOLOv3, DIoU is used, which can speed up the convergence and increase the training speed ; thirdly, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is used to connect the auxiliary network to the backbone network, making it easier for the network to notice specific features so that some key information is not easily lost during the training of the network ; and finally, the adaptive feature fusion (ASFF) method is applied to our network model with the aim of improving the detection speed by reducing the inference overhead. The experiments on the DOTA dataset were conducted to validate the effectiveness of our model on the DOTA dataset. Our model can achieve satisfactory detection performance on remote sensing images, and our model performs significantly better than the unimproved YOLOv3 model with an auxiliary network. The experimental results show that the mAP of the optimised network model is 5.36% higher than that of the original YOLOv3 model with the auxiliary network, and the detection frame rate was also increased by 3.07 FPS.

"The revised fourth edition of Migration Theory continues to offer a one-stop synthesis of contemporary thought on migration. Editors Catherine B. Brettell and James F. Hollifield remain committed to include coverage that is comparative and global in scope while enhancing similarities and differences between one academic field and the next. All chapters have been revised to highlight cutting-edge issues in the field of migration today. The 4th edition welcomes two new authors, Professors Marie Price and François Héran, to offer a fresh approach with their chapters on geography and demography respectively. Designed for undergraduate and graduate courses in migration studies, a primary goal of the text is to assist instructors in guiding students who may have little background on migration, to understand important issues and the debates. This ensures Migration Theory is a highly valuable guide not only to the perspectives of one's own discipline but to those of cognate fields"--

PRESS COMMENTARY on Blair's first months has emphasised the pace of change. What has been overlooked is the substantive continuity with Tory policy in certain areas, notably the labour market. Hostile to both trade unions and the unemployed, Blair's government is continuing and developing the main lines of Tory labour market policy, although with a new attempt at ideological legitimation. The attack on the working class continues on three fronts. The first is a hardening of the work discipline to be imposed upon the unemployed. The second is to postpone even what little improvement in trade union rights had been promised, giving employers a space of time in which to ensure that rights to trade union recognition will not bite. The third is to embrace the neo-liberal 'labour market flexibility' agenda, resisting most attempts to improve social protection of labour at European and at UK level. The exception is the prospect of a national minimum wage, although exceptions now seem likely for participants in the youth 'welfare to work' scheme.

This article focuses on the best practices for faculty members as they engage in community-based research and work. The field of sociology is used as a frame, demonstrating the community engagement inherent in the discipline that offers the support, guidance, pedagogical tools, and professional outlets for faculty who are committed to taking part in the engaged scholarship of linking professional efforts to the larger community. Best practices in terms of faculty review, rank and tenure policies, and commitment to amenable scholarship models (such as the Boyer approach) are considered to assist such faculty wanting to take part in community-based work.

"Stretching back to the 1950s, interdisciplinary work between anthropology and history has taken diverse expressions. Yet it has developed with more coherence since the 1980s, largely in response to the declining promise of global modernity and the rise of poststructuralism and deconstructionism. Through a critical and contemporary engagement with this wave of scholarship, this volume challenges readers to think of work at the crossroads of anthropology and history as transdisciplinary and anthrohistorical, moving beyond a partial integration of the disciplines as it critically evaluates their assumptions and trajectories. This approach permits Anthrohistory: Unsettling Knowledge, Questioning Discipline to present a broader perspective that unsettles the constraints of existing academic practice. The volume does not offer a blueprint for fulfilling this goal, but rather a variety of positions taken by anthrohistorians who work in diverse contexts. Adopting an innovative and accessible style, Anthrohistory opens a provocative window into broader questions of interdisciplinarity, representation, epistemology, methodology, and social commitment."--Back Cover

Seit der Unabhängigkeitserklärung der Enklave Nagornij-Karabach von Aserbeidschan Ende 1991 hat Nagornij-Karabach eine Armee aufgebaut, die viele Beobachter für die professionellste auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen UdSSR halten und die eine militärische Überlegenheit der Enklave über Aserbeidschan sichert. Den Hintergrund dieses Erfolgs bilden die jahrhundertelange militärische Tradition der Armenier in Karabach, das Engagement professioneller Militärs, die hohe Kampfmoral der Truppe und der Import moderner Militärtechnologie. Hinzu kommt die Unterstützung durch Armenien. Nach einem schwierigen Jahr 1992 gewann Karabach 1993 eine militärische Überlegenheit. Die Gespräche über eine friedliche Beilegung des Konflikts unter Leitung der OSZE befinden sich in einer Sackgasse. Eine militärische Lösung des Konflikts erscheint nicht ausgeschlossen. (BIOst-Wpt)