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Population geography is a subdiscipline of Human geography and studies the
distribution, concentration and density of population over the terestrial
surface, as well as differences in population size, changes and
characteristics, like structures, migrations, activity etc, among some places
present compared to others. Population geography has had a perscientific
stage as long as human history. First modern scientific treatis of population
in geography was the F. Ratzels book Antropogeography in 1882. During the
first half of the XX century, French geographer Vidal de la Blanche gave a
capital importance of population studies in his work Principes de Geographie
Humaine. In interwar years, various aspects of population were studied. After
The Second World War started the renovating movement of geography and new
tendencies appear in human geography and, consequently in population
geography. Attempts were made to define population geography as a separate
sub-discipline. The world wide trend of treating population geography as
separate discipline was expressed by publishing monographs, bibliographies
and textbooks. The most significant authors who worked on defining population
geography were French geographers P. George (1951, 1959), Beaujen-Garnier
(1965, 1966); North-american geographers: G. Trewarta (1953, 1969), W. Bunge
(1962), J. Clance (1965, 1971), W. Zelinski (1966); in Great Britain: J.I.
Clarke (1965); in USSR: Ju.G. Sauskin i D.N. Anucin (1950), V.V. Poksisevskij
(1966), D.I. Valentej (1973); in Poland V. Ormotski (1931), L. Kosinski
(1967) A. Jagelski (1980). Those authors and their works had the significant
influence on the development of population science in the world and also in
Serbia. Although the development of population geography was different in
different countries and scientific research centers, we can clearly defined
four stages. First stage lasted untill 1960s and was characterised by works
of G.Trewarta, H. Doerres Ju.G. Sauskin, D.N. Anucin, J. Beaujeu-Gariner. G.
Trewarta argued that the population is the point of reference from which all
other elements are observed and from which all derive significance and
meaning. This view was adopted and shared by authors dealing with population
items, explicitly or implicitly. Second stage lasted from 1960s till 1970s
and the most significant authors dealing with population problems were W.
Zelinsky, W. Bunge; H.Bobek, W. Hartke, K.Ruppert, F.Schaffer; D.I. Valentej,
K.Korcak. This phase was characterized by the application of quantitative
methods and efforts for understanding the spatial structure of the
population. Many scientists see this development phase as a particularly
prosperous period, because it carried more intensive relations of geography
and demography through the introduction of statistical, mathematical and
demographic methods and techniques in studies of population geography. Third
phase lasted from 1970s to 1980s, and was characterized by close relations
between population geography and formal demography. Development and
application of GIS and computer data, have made population studies more
complex and applicable in practice, through population policy and population
projections. The most significant authors in this period were L. Kosinski, A.
Jagelski, H?gerstrand. And at last, fourth stage started in 1980s and in many
countries lastes untill present days. In population geography appeared new
tendencies associated with the critique of positivism, the establishment of
humanistic approaches and modifications of general geographic concepts. In
this period, spatial analysis and quantitative scientific methods were
reaffirmed, and because of that some population studies were redefined in
spatial demography, a time dimension advocated in historical demography. In
this context, we emphasize the work of D. Plane and P. Rogerson. Population
geography is viewed differently from one country to another. Its definition
differs from too narrow to overly broad. But two research areas were of
particular interest to geographers - population distribution and migration.
Both items acquired an international dimension. Recently, eminent population
geographers exchanged various view points in an attempt to provoke new
thinking on subject and define the answers of new fields research in
population geography. Population geography in the XXI Century is no longer a
field comprised of spatial applications of fertility, mortality and migration
only. Contemporary population geography is theoretically sophisticated,
integrating spatial analysis, GIS and geo-referenced data. Future progress in
the field of population geography will derive from more research at the
intersections of population processes and societal issues and concerns. Major
themes of future empirical researches in population geography should be:
global population growth, studies of migration, transnationalism, human
security issues, population-health-environment nexus, human-environment
sustainability, economic development and poverty issues.

This thesis aims to analyse Russia's international relations through its demographics. The choice is justified by the scale of socio-political changes in the country since the end of USSR and by the seriousness of the Russian demographic situation since 1991. The country is facing a lasting demographic decline and the regional demographic disparity has been accentuated. The question becomes therefore a major political issue. This demographic decline has impacts on the territory, the economy and the army, redefining thus the Russian power. International relations theories show the complexity of the connection between demographics and international relations of a State. The demographic factor seems less integrated by leaders but it offers further analysis that puts Russian foreign policy rhetoric into perspective. The demographic criteria could have a larger influence on Russia's international issues. It offers also opportunities. Demography plays an ambiguous role in Moscow's Chinese and Asian policies. The Russian demographic decline has had an impact on the redefinition of the relations between Russia and CIS countries. Migration ties with Russia are the result of a demographic interdependence that becomes an economic and then political one. The demographic reality in the post-Soviet area favours a soft power based policy for Moscow in Central Asia, especially in Kazakhstan. The Russia demographic reality has contributed to a shift within Russian foreign policy and a change of position for Russia in the world. ; Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser les relations internationales de la Russie par le biais de sa démographie. Ce choix se justifie par l'ampleur des changements socio-politiques du pays depuis la fin de l'URSS, et par la gravité de la situation démographique russe depuis 1991. Le pays connaît un déclin démographique durable, et l'hétérogénéité démographique régionale se renforce. La question devient alors un enjeu politique majeur. Ce déclin démographique a des impacts sur le territoire, l'économie et l'armée, redéfinissant ainsi la puissance russe. Les théories des relations internationales montrent la complexité du lien démographie/relations internationales d'un Etat. Le facteur démographique semble peu intégré par les décideurs, mais apporte un complément d'analyse qui relativise le discours de politique étrangère russe. Le critère démographique pourrait jouer un rôle plus important sur des enjeux internationaux de la Russie. Il lui offre même des opportunités. La démographie a un rôle ambigu dans les politiques chinoise et asiatique de Moscou. Le déclin démographique russe a participé à une redéfinition des relations entre la Russie et les pays de la CEI. Les liens migratoires avec la Russie sont le résultat d'une interdépendance démographique qui devient économique et ensuite politique. La réalité démographique de l'espace post-soviétique favorise une politique de soft power de Moscou en Asie centrale, notamment au Kazakhstan. Le déclin démographique russe a donc contribué à un changement de la politique étrangère et de la place de la Russie dans le monde

This book explores the idea of Muslim diaspora in context of Muslim communities in the United Kingdom. It critically looks at the notion of ummah and presents a comprehensive account of South Asian Muslims in London. Employing qualitative research methods and drawing on extensive fieldwork, it delves into the identification and transnational connections of Muslims in Britain. It shows the ways in which religious identity, practices and experiences may instigate diasporas focusing on South Asian Muslims in London -- Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslims -- who account for 3.6 per cent of the total population. Further, the inter as well as intra group dynamics and studies how Muslims of different ethnic background settled in the same geo-political context engage with the notion of ummah. The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of religion, especially Islam, politics, British studies and South Asian studies.

Part 1: Introduction -- Rising inequalities and a changing social geography of cities. An introduction to the global segregation book -- Residential segregation between income groups in international perspective -- Part 2: Africa -- Income inequality, socio-economic status and residential segregation in Greater Cairo: 1986-2006 -- Social inequality and spatial segregation in Cape Town -- Income inequality and socio-economic segregation in the city of Johannesburg -- Part 3: Asia -- Dual land regime, income inequalities and multifaceted socio-economic and spatial segregation in Hong Kong -- Income inequality and socioeconomic segregation in Jakarta -- Socio-spatial segregation and exclusion in Mumbai -- Social polarisation and socio-economic segregation in Shanghai, China: Evidence from 2000 and 2010 censuses -- Increasing inequality and the changing spatial distribution of income in Tel-Aviv -- Changes in occupational structure and residential segregation in Tokyo -- Part 4: Australia -- The land of the 'fair go'? Mapping income inequality and socioeconomic segregation across Melbourne neighbourhoods -- Part 5: Europe -- Making sense of segregation in a well-connected city: the case of Berlin.

Contextualising Citizenship, Nationalism and Refugeehood: The Case of Rohingya -- Precarity and the dilemma of citizenship of Rohingya -- Problematizing national identity: conceptualization of nationalism amongst Rohingya refugees -- Politics of Statelessness and Citizenship: Rohingyas Quest for 'Home' -- The Indian media and the Rohingya question -- 'Maritime Ping-Pong?': The Rohingyas on boat' -- The Silence of Democracy: The question of Rohingyas in Myanmar.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- INCOME INEQUALITY IN HONG KONG SAR -- A. Background -- B. Empirical Analysis -- C. Policy Recommendations -- References -- TABLES -- 1. Panel Regression Estimates of the Drivers of Inequality -- 2. Summary Results from Literature on Growth and Inequality -- FINANCIAL CONDITIONS AND GROWTH-AT-RISK IN HONG KONG SAR -- References -- TABLE -- 1. Underlying FCI Variables by Category -- FIGURE -- 1. Changes in Financial Conditions Affect Growth Risks -- APPENDIX -- I. Estimation of the Conditional Quantiles -- POSSIBLE SPILLOVERS FROM INTERNATIONAL TAX REFORMS -- A. The 2018 U.S. Tax Reform and Other Recent Reforms -- B. Impact on Hong Kong SAR from U.S. Tax Rate Cut -- C. Impact from Other Reforms -- D. Conclusions -- References

Introduction -- Chapter 1: Positive Aging Theories and Views on Aging -- Chapter 2: The Politics of Positive Aging -- Chapter 3: The Social Reality of Aging -- Chapter 4: Perceptions of the Precarious Life: The Middle-Aged Precariat in Germany -- Chapter 5: Views on Aging in Precarious and Financially Secure Individuals -- Chapter 6: Preparing for Old Age -- Chapter 7: Precarity and Views on Aging -- Chapter 8: Precarity and Preparing for Old Age -- Chapter 9: Positive Aging in the Context of Precarity: Conclusions and Implications

Machine generated contents note: -- PART I: -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Interactive Effects of States and Societies on Censuses -- PART II: -- 3. Fiscal Information Gathering -- 4. Fiscal Information Gathering on the Italian Peninsula before National Unification -- PART III: -- 5. Towards Population Censuses -- 6. The Population Census for Legislative Representation in the United States -- 7. Precocious Censuses in the Italian Regional States -- 8. Conclusions

Happiness and Place is about places -- cities, suburbs and towns -- and happiness of people living there. Taking an interdisciplinary, approach, Okulicz-Kozaryn examines the relationship between human happiness and the infrastructure of the places they live in. The work takes the increasing urbanization of the United States as its focus, but draws on global examples, discussing the factors that attract people to live in cities and suburbs and the decreasing happiness associated with that lifestyle. Amidst the common pro-urbanism or pro-sub-urbanism, this thought-provoking book argues for the often overlooked idea that we are happiest in smaller areas.

This book mainly focuses on the status, trends and countermeasures of carrying capacity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region. It presents the results a comprehensive survey and systematic research on the carrying capacity of this region and its mega-cities, conducted in the hope of providing decision-making support for the governments of this region. The primary goals are to be able to actively respond to the new challenges of global climate changes and environmental resource constraints; fully practice green development concepts; and actively promote transformation in the development of the population, resources, environment, economics, society and ecology in this region.

Europe's population is ageing and decreasing. Demographic change is making not only regional and territorial adaptation necessary, but also new region-specific spatial planning and regional development. This publication focusses on demographic change and its implications for the economy and social systems in the Alpine areas, which differ widely from their surrounding metropolitan areas. It provides a specific regional in-depth study in order to help establish suitable adaptation and development programs. It covers various aspects including demographic analysis, onsite participatory strategies and implementation processes, as well as generalized adaptation strategies. Reports on pilot actions in various regions across the Alps demonstrate how demographic change can be approached from a practitioner's perspective. The volume is based on the results of the project DEMOCHANGE, which was co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund in the frame of the European Territorial Cooperation "Alpine Space" program

"Essential Demographic Methods brings to readers the full range of ideas and skills of demographic analysis that lie at the core of social sciences and public health. Classroom tested over many years, filled with fresh data and examples, this approachable text is tailored to the needs of beginners, advanced students, and researchers alike. ... The presentation is carefully paced and accessible to readers with knowledge of high-school algebra."