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Pol'al att's are defined as relatively enduring orientations toward the structures, roles, processes, & policies of governance. 3 approaches to the study of att's are reviewed: survey res, deductive speculation from psychol'al theory, & exp'tion could be done in realistic settings using participant observation & what H. Lasswell calls prototyping. The argument is made that most Amer's do not have pol'al att's, just as they do not have pol'al belief systems (ideologies). Pol'al opinions abound, but are held to be psychol'al epiphenomena for most adults. Finally, res is encouraged in (1) 'mapping' the existence of att's & belief systems; (2) the dynamics of individual elite attitude change, the aggregation of attitude change, & the creation of pol'al att's; & (3) policy linkages with pol'al att's under various environmental & input conditions. AA.

Can we gain any fresh insight into the problem of mediating among competing truth claims in political life? This essay will demonstrate that the political theory of Mahatma Gandhi provides us with a novel way to understand & arbitrate the conflict among moral projects. Gandhi offers us a vision of political action that insists on the viability of the search for truth & the implicit possibility of adjudicating among competing claims to truth. His vision also presents a more complex & realistic understanding, than do some other contemporary pluralists, of political philosophy & of political life itself. Adapted from the source document.

While often treated as distinct, both politics and journalism share in their histories a need for a public that is not naturally assembled and needs instead to be 'constructed'. In earlier times the role of mediating politics to publics often fell to news media, which were also dependent on constructing a 'public' for their own viability. It is hardly notable to say this has changed in a digital age, and in the way social media have allowed politicians and political movements to speak to their own publics bypassing news voices is a clear example of this. We show how both established politics and emerging political movements now activate and intensify certain publics through their media messages, and how this differs in the UK, Spain and the Netherlands. When considering journalism and social media, emphasis on their prominence can mask more complex shifts they ushered in, including cross-national differences, where they have pushed journalism towards social media to communicate news, and where political actors now use these spaces for their own communicative ends. Building upon this research, this article revisits conceptualizations of the ways political actors construct publics and argues that we see processes of disintermediation taking place in political actors' social networks on Twitter.

Introduction -- Part I. Economic and Political Ties -- Chapter One: Historical Overview -- Chapter Two: Economic Ties -- Chapter Three: Governmental Relations -- Chapter Four: The Military Rule in Brazil -- Part II. Migratory Ties -- Chapter Five: Historical Overview -- Chapter Six: Immigration to Brazil -- Chapter Seven: Immigration to Canada -- Epilogue.