Suchergebnisse

AbstractRisk is endemic to the political arena and influences citizen engagement. We explore this connection by suggesting that risk-taking may be biologically instantiated in sensory systems. With specific attention to gender and gender identity, we investigate the connections between self-reported bitter taste reception, risk tolerance, and both of their associations with political participation. In three U.S. samples collected in 2019 and 2020, participants were asked to rate their preferences from lists of foods as well as whether they detected the taste of the substance N-Propylthiouracil (PROP) and, if so, the strength of the taste. In this registered report, we find that self-reported bitter taste preference, but not PROP detection, is positively associated with higher levels of risk tolerance as well as political participation. The pattern with gender and gender identity is mixed across our samples, but interestingly, we find that sex-atypical gender identity positively predicts political participation.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article propose to connect two research agendas on political behavior: studies on political tolerance and research on partisanship. Search, by connecting these two agendas, to assess the extent to which parties have become targets of political intolerance and thereby to assess the intensity of negative attitudes towards this central institution of democracy. Studies on partisanship conflicts in Brazil have focused on the antagonism opposing petismo and antipetismo. However, the 2018 elections have shown that Brazilians also adopt other forms of antipartisanship. Changes in patterns of political and electoral behavior in recent years can only be properly understood if we consider variation over time in the intensity and scope of antipartisan sentiment. We propose a typology where antipartisanship may be moderate or radical and may have a narrower or broader target. This theme is significant not only for interpreting Brazil's current political context, but also for deepening understanding of theoretical and analytical questions. Our understanding is that these different types of antipartisanship are distinct phenomena with different effects. Materials and Methods: The data we use to construct the proposed typology and analyze the range and intensity of antipartisanship are derived from an unprecedented Latin America Public Opinion Project initiative to measure political tolerance in Brazil, in its 2017 edition. Our methodology combine variables of disaffection and political intolerance to construct different voter profiles, based on respondent's attitudes towards unpopular groups, including political parties. After constructing the typology, we propose regression models to estimate the effects of each type on several attitudes, like support to democracy and institutional trust. Results: Our findings show a relationship between the most extreme types of antipartisanship and attitudes towards democracy. Compared with non-antipartisan voters, intolerant antipartisan are less supportive of democracy and democratic institutions and less favorable to freedom of expression and the granting of political rights to minorities. The intensity of antipartisanship matters more than its scope, since the models show that, there is little difference in the degree of commitment to democracy and democratic principles between the two types of intolerant antipartisans, regardless of the scope of the target of their disapproval. This means that attitudes toward democracy, democratic institutions, and democratic principles depend less on the scope antipartisanship, than on political intolerance towards these groups. Discussion: The data and results presented here indicate that antipartisanship is not a one-dimensional phenomenon. The individual is not merely antipartisan or non-antipartisan. We show that antipartisanship contains at least two dimensions: its scope and intensity. Previous studies have already shown the existence of different expressions of antipartisanship, but this diversity has not yet been systematically explored using a well-defined typology. Our work points to this research agenda.KEYWORDS: antipartisanship; political tolerance; political attitudes; political parties; democracy.

This revelatory account of the ways silver shaped Chinese history shows how an obsession with ?white metal? held China back from financial modernization. First used as currency during the Song dynasty in around 900 CE, silver gradually became central to China?s economic framework and was officially monetized in the middle of the Ming dynasty during the sixteenth century. However, due to the early adoption of paper money in China, silver was not formed into coins but became a cumbersome ?weighing currency,? for which ingots had to be constantly examined for weight and purity?an unwieldy practice that lasted for centuries.0 0While China?s interest in silver spurred new avenues of trade and helped increase the country?s global economic footprint, Jin Xu argues that, in the long run, silver played a key role in the struggles and entanglements that led to the decline of the Chinese empire.00Translated by Stacy Mosher.

Federal Approval of the Texas National Estuarine Research Reserve and Management Plan: The Mission-Aransas Estuary ; The University of Texas Marine Science Institute (UTMSI) with an endorsement by Texas Governor Rick Perry, have submitted a nomination to designate parts of the Mission-Aransas Estuary as a National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR). With passage of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA), the federal government officially recognized the national significance of coastal resources and authorized the federal Coastal Zone Management Program (CZMP) and the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS). In response to the CZMP, the state of Texas established the Texas Coastal Management Program (CMP), which was federally approved by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1997. The Texas CMP coordinates state, local, and federal programs for the management of Texas coastal resources. Both the CZMP and NERRS are administered by NOAA. Since 1972, parts of twenty-six estuaries have been designated in the NERRS. The NERRS works with existing federal and state authorities to establish and operate research reserves and provide for their long term stewardship. ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management ; Marine Science

Draft report Federal approval of the Texas National Estuarine Research Reserve and Management Plan : The Mission-Aransas Estuary ; The University of Texas Marine Science Institute (UTMSI) with an endorsement by Governor Rick Perry of Texas, have submitted a nomination to designate parts of the Mission-Aransas Estuary as a National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR). With passage of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA), the Federal government officially recognized the national significance of coastal resources and authorized the Federal Coastal Zone Management Program (CZMP) and the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS). In response to the CZMP, the state of Texas established the Texas Coastal Management Program (CMP), which was federally approved by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1997. The Texas CMP coordinates state, local, and Federal programs for the management of Texas coastal resources. Both the CZMP and NERRS are administered by NOAA. Since 1972, parts of twenty-six estuaries have been designated in the NERRS. The NERRS works with existing Federal and state authorities to establish and operate research reserves and provide for their long term stewardship ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management ; Marine Science

Governance is a complex process, often divided among various structures and institutions. Local, regional, national, and even supranational entities each have their own formal and informal institutions that comprise a political system. Readers will use this comprehensive volume to examine the various types, structures, and functions of government around the world, as well as the evolution of political systems and the factors contributing to their rise and fall

The 'return of religion' as a social phenomenon has aroused at least three different debates, with the first being the 'clash of civilizations', the second criticizing 'modernity', and the third focusing on the public/private distinction. This article uses Habermas' idea of a post-secular society as a prism through which we examine the return of religion and impact on secularization. In doing so, we attempt to understand the new role of religion as a challenger of the liberal projects following the decline of communism. Against this background, section four focuses on Habermas's central arguments in his proposal for a post-secular society. We claim that theproblematiquein Habermas's analysis must be placed within the wider framework of an emerging global public sphere. In this context we examine the problem of religion's place in political process and the two readings of Habermas as suggested by Simone Chambers.

Sustainability. Cases and Studies in Using Operations Research and Management Science Methods -- What is Sustainability? A Layman Perspective -- Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Definition, Bibliometrics, Applications and Future Directions -- Applications of Machine Learning Algorithms in Data Sciences -- The machine learning model for identifying bogus profiles in social networking sites -- Support Vector Machine and K-fold cross validation to detect false alarms in wind turbines -- A Hybrid Neural Network Model Based on Convolutional Cascade Neural Networks: An Application for Image Inspection in Production -- A multi-objective sustainable traffic signal control for smart cities under uncertainty -- Multi Criteria Decision Making for Sustainable Transport: A Case Study on Traffic Flow Prediction Using Spatial-Temporal Traffic Sequence -- A Robust Prognostic Indicator for Renewable Energy Fuel Cells: A Hybrid Data-Driven Prediction Approach -- An Assessment of Electricity Markets in Turkey: Price Mechanisms, Regulations, and Methods -- The role of DevOps in Sustainable Enterprise Development -- Practices and indicators of waste and resource management in commercial buildings -- A descriptive comprehension study on solar energy, solar products, and solar product marketing in Indian context -- Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) Systems – Improving Sustainability and Efficiency of Animal Production -- Environmental Assessment of Rural Road Construction in India -- Perspectives on the sustainable steel production process: a critical review of the carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) conversion process -- Exergy, Anergy and Sustainability -- Simulating complex relationships between pollutants and the environment using regression splines: A case study for landfill leachate.

Economic consequences of terrorism in developed and developing countries : an overview / Todd Sandler and Walter Enders -- The costs of responding to the terrorist threats : the U.S. case / Gregory F. Treverton [and others] -- From (no) butter to guns? : understanding the economic role in transnational terrorism / S. Brock Blomberg and Gregory D. Hess -- The Lexus and the olive branch : globalization, democratization, and terrorism / S. Brock Blomberg and Gregory D. Hess -- Kto kogo? : a cross-country study of the origins and targets of terrorism / Alan B. Krueger and David D. Laitin -- Terrorism and civil war / Nicholas Sambanis -- The political, economic, and organizational sources of terrorism / David D. Laitin and Jacob Shapiro -- Economics and terrorism : what we know, what we should know, and the data we need / Fernanda Llussá and José Tavares.

Examining the history of warfare and political development through a technological lens, Macola relates the study of military technology to the history of gender.

Kelly reviews 'The Romance of History: Essays in Honor of Lawrence S. Kaplan.' edited by Scott L. Bills and E. Timothy Smith.

In her philosophical writings, Simone de Beauvoir argues our existence is defined by an inability to possess an objective understanding of our being. This fundamental ambiguity turns us towards a process of having-to-be – a series of attempts to define who we wish to become and the world we wish to establish. Through a reading of Beauvoir's novel, The Mandarins, I produce an outline of the political subject and a philosophy of political- ethical action that properly navigates this ambiguity. By committing to utopian political projects that aim at universalizing the conditions for collective self-emancipation, the political subject engages in political-ethical action that is a total manifestation of having- to-be at the same time as being. ; October 2011

Describes characteristics of state PACs, their rationale, structure, methods, and fundraising activities; based on a survey of PACs in Colorado, Michigan, and Tennessee, 1990.