Suchergebnisse

"The European Council: The Fascination and Frustration of Studying a Key Institution" published on by Oxford University Press.

Niniejszy artykuł opiera się na założeniu, że polityka rządu Vladimira Meciara, w szczególności liczne przypadki naruszeń praw człowieka, negatywnie wpłynęła na proces przystąpienia Republiki Słowackiej do Unii Europejskiej. W porównaniu z innymi państwami regionu Europy Środkowej, w przypadku słowackich partii politycznych osiągnęły one narodowy konsensus dotyczący przystąpienia do Unii Europejskiej. ; The article is based on the assumption that the politics of Vladimir Meciar, in particular human rights breaches, negatively inluenced the process of Slovakia's accession to the European Union. Another hypothesis is that in comparison to other countries of Central Europe, Slovak political parties reached a national consensus concerning accession to the European Union.

The article is based on the assumption that the politics of Vladimir Mečiar, in particular human rights breaches, negatively inluenced the process of Slovakia's accession to the European Union. Another hypothesis is that in comparison to other countries of Central Europe, Slovak political parties reached a national consensus concerning accession to the European Union. ; Niniejszy artykuł opiera się na założeniu, że polityka rządu Vladimira Mečiara, w szczególności liczne przypadki naruszeń praw człowieka, negatywnie wpłynęła na proces przystąpienia Republiki Słowackiej do Unii Europejskiej. W porównaniu z innymi państwami regionu Europy Środkowej, w przypadku słowackich partii politycznych osiągnęły one narodowy konsensus dotyczący przystąpienia do Unii Europejskiej.

This presentation was presented at the Philippine Institute of Development Studies, Manila, Philippines. ; In recent years, Europe has experienced a huge influx of "irregular" or "unlawful" immigrants, mostly from the Middle East and Africa, unprecedented in modern history. More than a million migrants crossed into Europe in 2015, entering mostly through six European Union nations - Greece, Bulgaria, Italy, Spain, Malta and Cyprus. The vast majority arrived by sea but about a third made their way over land via Turkey. There are push and pull factors causing such a large migration inflow into the EU, with the push being civil war and terror in the country of origin of the migrants and the pull factor being the a better quality of life in Europe. ; N/A

This paper studies the impact of national fiscal rules on government size as measured by the ratio of government expenditures to gross domestic product. We develop a model of the budgetary process and show that a common pool problem may arise which can be mitigated through fiscal rules. We test the model's predictions using a novel time-series cross-section dataset of 27 European Union members for the period between 1990 and 2011. Corroborating the model, we find that fiscal rules have a negative impact on government size. Contrasting the model, their impact becomes smaller as the number of ministers increases.

In this article, the author explores how the question of Europe has been established on the domestic scene. The article focuses on referenda on EU-related issues held in three EU member states, ranging from Ireland in 2001, to Sweden in 2003, and finally France in 2005. In all three cases, the national populations voted against the will of a majority of their representatives, and chose not to follow the defined EU agenda towards greater integration. The study includes analyses of the national news reporting in the three cases as well as responses from Brussels. The author infers that the three No-votes, in the perspective of the political elites, were interpreted as incentives to further the integration process, spelling out a message of that Europeans want Europe, even if some people (i.e. the No-voting majorities) were considered yet to learn what it means to be, act and think as Europeans in Europe. Adapted from the source document.

ÖZETAB'nin dış politikasını anlamak için, dış politika konusunu, onun oluşmasına neden olan veya engelleyen nedenlerin araştırılması gerekir. AB kurulduğundan bu yana evrimsel bir dönüşüm geçirmektedir. Bu süreç ise, diğer alanlarda olduğu gibi dış politika alanında da birlik içinde, hükümetlerarasıcılık ve ulus üstücülük yaklaşımlarının bir arenası olarak kullanılmıştır.Toplulukta, politik bit entegrasyon için ilk teşebbüs ellilerin başında yapılmıştır. Bu alanda entegrasyon Avrupa Politik İşbirliği ile başlamış ve doksanların başında da Maastrıcht Antlaşması ile Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikasına dönüşmüştür. Ancak zamanla, Antlaşmanın, meydana gelen sorunları çözmekte yetersiz kaldığı görüldü. Böylelikle Amsterdam Antlaşması Maastrıcht Antlaşmasının yerini aldı. Ama iç ve dış olaylar Birliğin ön gördüğünden daha hızlı geliştiği için Aralık 2000 de Nıce Antlaşması imzalandı.Sonuç olarak, dış politika konusu üye devletler için çok önemli ve bu konu üzerindeki egemenliklerini kaybetmemek için hükümetlerarasıcılık görüşünü takip etmeyi tercih etmektedirler. Ancak yıllar geçtikçe bu yaklaşım ulus üstücülük karşısında gerileyecek ve AB'nin dış politikası iç ve dış gelişmelerle şekillenecektir.ABSTRACTFor understanding the foreign policy of the EU, the foreign policy concept and the factors for having such a policy or the ones to prevent it must have been examined. The EU has an evolutionary transformation since it has been established. This ongoing process had been used as an arena between the intergovernmentalist and supranationalist approaches which is also available for the foreign policy area of the Union. The first attempt to have political integration had made early Fifties in the Community. The integration on this area has started by the EPC, and it transformed to CFSP at the beginning of the nineties by the Maastricht Treaty. As the time passed the events showed that the Treaty could not probably response the problems. Hence the Amsterdam Treaty has taken the place of the Maastricht Treaty. But internal and external events had gone in the presence of the Union and the Nice Treaty ratified by the Members of the Union in December 2000. As a result, the foreign policy area is very important for the Member States and they do not want to loose their sovereignty over it so they prefer to follow the intergovernmentalist approach. But as the years passed it will be lost ground against supranationalist approach and as an ongoing process the common foreign policy of the EU is shaped by the external and internal challenges. The people of the Union work for the fully integrated Union on every subject.