Suchergebnisse

The article considers factors of customer loyalty to Russian commercial banks. The research conducted by the author shows that interest rates on deposits, bank reliability and orientation towards raising funds from individuals are the main factors determining the choice of a bank. The article presents a comparative analysis of the significance of these factors for March 2012 and September 2017. In March 2012, an increase in deposits rates had a positive influence on a bank market share; in September 2017, the influence was negative. Trend reversal is due to the Bank of Russia policy of banking sector cleaning that started in 2013 and implied revocation of bank licenses, bank sanitations, and control over interest rates on deposits set by banks. The higher level of bank reliability and client orientation have a positive effect on the bank's share in both periods.

All over the world, the issue of financing democratic institutions is a huge concern. In developing countries in Africa, several commentaries and suggestions have inundated the subject. Central to these suggestions is the idea of state funding of political parties. Given that there are many political parties in Ghana, any notion of State financing of political parties does not appeal to many. But as democracy has come to stay in Ghana, the phenomenon of elections and financing would continue to nag for attention. Two issues to this are; whether it is necessary to deregulate the use of money in elections because of democratic free speech or whether to regulate given democratic and equal political participation. The paper uses a qualitative, doctrinal, and comparative legal methodology to make a case for 'political party banks' as an option in political party financing.

The First Women Bank which commenced operations in December
1989, has over a period of one year, set up 10 branches in the big
cities of the country. The name of the bank suggested that it would
function on the same lines as the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh. It was
widely believed that the Bank was meant to assist the very poor women in
their economic uplift. However, with the exception of two branches (one
in Gurumander, Karachi and the second in Sukkur), the branches of the
bank have been set up in posh localities like Defence, Cantonment, Blue
Area and Mall Roads. The expensive location and the expensive set-up of
these banks has created the image that these banks are meant to cater
for the rich, elite women, rather than the poor deserving women. The
very poor earning women in low-income localities are totally unaware of
this bank's existence because it has not been advertised to them through
audio or video media. However they envied poor women in India who
benefited from the credit schemes for women, as shown on Indian
television.l This paper attempts to look into the factors behind the
establishment of the bank and its working strategy, to clarify, to
whatever extent possible, the confusions or contradictions associated
with this bank. Section II puts forward the various factors underlying
the establishment of a separate bank for women in Pakistan. Section III
describes the operational strategy of the bank with special focus on the
nature of clientele and credit services of the bank. Section IV puts
forward the conclusions and Section V gives some policy recommendations.
The paper is based on the published material made available by the bank
i.e. the brochure of the bank (the first annual statement of the bank
had not been published at the time of writing this paper), informal
discussions with the bank staff, and personal observations of the author
during the working hours of the bank.

Currency Bureau -- Organization and powers of national banks -- Bank circulation -- Tax circulation -- Regulation of the banking business -- Extension of corporate existence -- Liquidation and receivership -- Crimes, jurisdiction, etc. -- Trust companies, etc., Digest of Columbia -- Government depositaries -- Miscellaneous -- Legal tender and lawful money -- Currency Act, March 14, 1900 -- Index to National Bank Act -- Index to act for incorporation of trust companies, etc. -- Index to sections of revised statutes ; Mode of access: Internet.

The purpose of this research is to identify the factors significant to explain Ethiopian commercial Banks liquidity. This study has categorized the independent factors into bank specific factors and macroeconomic factors. The bank specific factors include Bank Size, Capital Adequacy, Profitability, Non-Performing Loans, and Loan Growth while the macroeconomic factors include Gross Domestic Product, General Inflation and National bank Bill. The panel data was used for the sample of eight commercial banks in Ethiopia from 2002 to 2013 year and estimated using Fixed Effect Model(FEM), data was present by using descriptive statistics and the balanced correlation and regression analysis for liquidity ratios was conducted. The findings of the study show that capital strength and profitability had statistically significant and positive relationship with banks' liquidity. On the other hand, loan growth and national bank bill had a negative and statistically significant relationship with banks' liquidity. However, the relationship for inflation, non-performing loans, bank size and gross domestic product were found to be statistically insignificant. The study suggests banks must have increase their outreach to tens of millions of people by openings up more and more branches every year through country, and have significantly improve their banking service by introducing new product and services like Agent banking, Mobile banking and Internet Banking through the application of modern technology. Moreover, banks in Ethiopia should not only be concerned about internal structures and policies, but they must consider both the government regulation and the macroeconomic environment together in developing strategies to improve the liquidity position of the banks. Key words: Ethiopian commercial banks, determinants of liquidity, liquidity ratios, liquidity risk, panel data regression analysis.