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The internet belongs to that important group of phenomena that require a fundamental rethinking of law and its ultimate change. The rules made for printed media could not be applied to radio or television when they appeared. Traditional regulatory models for electronic communication arguably cannot be carbon-copied into the Internet world. Like other revolutions brought about by science, the Internet does not lend itself to current regulatory models but requires their rethinking.

Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus ; A integração gradual na Europa tem sido um lento mas constante processo, um processo que permitiu à União Europeia (UE) prosseguir iniciativas comuns nas esferas política e económica. Estas iniciativas permitiram o estabelecimento de um mercado comum de bens e serviços, uma união monetária, instituições políticas comuns, posições comuns em termos de política externa, entre outros aspetos que reforçaram a natureza sui generis da União Europeia enquanto organização supranacional . Apesar de um relativo sucesso nestas várias dimensões, o projeto europeu carece, ainda, de uma estratégia comum para a energia, o que é uma enorme desvantagem tendo em conta que a UE é altamente dependente de importações de combustíveis fósseis para satisfazer o seu crescimento económico. Com grande potencial para uma política comum no futuro, a agenda energética europeia não evoluiu ainda para o mesmo nível de integração que as políticas económicas e monetária, por exemplo. Deste modo, a presente dissertação focar-se-á na formulação da União da Energia Europeia, procurando analisar as diversas iniciativas adotadas pela UE para a concretização de uma estratégia energética comum. ; The gradual integration in Europe has been a slow but steady process, a process that allowed the European Union (EU) to pursue common policies within the economic and political spheres. Such policies led to the establishment of a single market for goods and services, a monetary union, common political institutions, common standpoints in terms of foreign policy, and other shared aspects that added to the sui generis nature of the European Union as a supranational organization. Despite this relative success within a variety of policy dimensions, the European project still lacks a common strategy for energy, which is a huge liability given the fact that the Union, as a whole, is highly dependent on fossil fuels imports to satisfy its energy-hungry economic growth. With great potential for a future common stance, the European energy agenda has not yet evolved to the same integration level as the economic and monetary policies have, for instance. As such, the present dissertation focuses on the formation of the European Energy Union, seeking to analyze the several strategies partaken by the EU in order to complete a common energy strategy. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

"This book examines the European Union's everyday statebuilding practices, using the case of Kosovo as an example of how it uses informal practices to influence local actors. The objective of the book is to explain how the EU operates as a statebuilding actor in the everyday context, outside its zone of comfort. It illustrates the EU's dynamics of dealing with the local actors through everyday practices, which are understood as informal means or practices of interaction with the local actors in the framework of three key issues of relevance for statebuilding process for the EU: rule of law, reforming public administration and resolving bilateral disputes. The book shows how the EU utilizes everyday practices to influence decision-making process on the part of the government in order to ensure a particular outcome, be that diffusing a norm or promoting its own interests - in doing so, it gives an important insight into what these interests actually are in practice. Providing an insight into how the EU works as a statebuilding actor in practice, in the everyday context, also unmasks factors that facilitate the EU's influence on other countries that it considers to be 'ailing', such as Kosovo, in order to secure desired behaviours, decisions and actions on the part of the local government. It unmasks the EU's commitment to being an ethical actor as it unearthes practices that undermine local agency and unmasks the practical intentions of the EU's statebuilding intervention approaches, and the reality that hides behind the façade of public statements on the part of the EU and the local government. In doing so, the book provides a new way to look at the EU as a statebuilding actor. This book will be of interest to students of statebuilding, EU policy, Balkan politics and International Relations"--

Today, Europe is living a new decisive time as it has been in its past after World War II, in search of unity in diversity in the name of a peace project to safeguard future. If, on the one hand, Europe expresses aspirations for profound changes in its external environment, in the domestic context, it ends up colliding with aspects linked to sovereignty and human rights; on the other hand, in European foreign policy, the model reveals the search to legitimize its action. Precisely, the objective and the motivation of this study seek, through the qualitative methodology in Political Science, to analyse and understand the current context of the European Union in the international system. In fact, it is identified that this new hierarchy of powers, in the reaffirmation of the Westphalian system, where economic power comes, is bound to consolidate the democratic development between the old and new times of international relations in the destiny of Europe. From the results obtained during the analysis, in order to face again the unpredictability of the world scenario, it is a reality that Europe must promote the re-encounter of an alternative role, in other words, to assume its initial project of European edification in the name of equality of circumstances and rights of its affirmation in the global arena.

This paper analyzes the process of industrial diversification in the countries that were part of the European Union (EU-27) and those that were the target of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in the period 1995–2010 by means of world trade data derived from the BACI database (elaborated UN Comtrade data). Our results show that in both the EU-27 and the ENP countries, the evolution of the productive structure—as proxied by the export mix—is strongly path-dependent: countries tend to keep a comparative advantage in products that are strongly related to their current productive structure, and they also diversify in nearby products. However, this effect is much stronger for ENP countries, signalling their lower resources and capabilities to diversify in products that are not very related to their productive structure. We also show that the future export structures of countries are affected by their imports: both the EU-27 and ENP countries keep a comparative advantage in products that are strongly related to their imports, but only EU countries show a strong capability to diversify in new products from related import sectors. Our results also hold when controlling for geographical and institutional proximity.