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L'exposition industrielle de Bâle et l'exhibition de la Croix-Rouge organisée à ce propos par la section bâloise offraient à la Société centrale suisse une excellente occasion de se réunir dans cette ville. C'est ce qu'elle fit en invitant les délégués de ses sections à s'y rencontrer le 16 juin 1901.

How Do Japanese Citizens Participate Politically?Most Japanese citizens, perhaps with a bit of a chuckle, would answer that 'average' Japanese do not participate in politics. While political attitudes in other countries have fluctuated corresponding to social, political, and economic climates of the times; in Japan, a consistently negative view of politics has persisted since the late 1960s. Japanese citizens perceive their government much more critically than citizens of neighboring countries. While many Japanese citizens participate in specific political acts such as signing candidate support cards, attending political rallies, or directly contacting politicians, they largely do not view these activities as political participation. Kida examines why this is the case; whether there is a connection between negative views of politics and how Japanese people self-identify their political participation; how Japanese citizens attempt to exact change or influence policy; how the government engages citizens in political participation; and the relationship between citizens' attitudes towards government and levels of political participation.Kida explores political participation on the local level, to better understand the sources of political attitudes. While participation studies have been conducted in Japan, most are centered in large urban areas, focusing on either extreme forms of participation such as protests, or concentrated on single issue participation such as the environmental or women's movements. This book, in contrast, explores what every day 'regular' in the system political participation looks like in a small traditional Japanese city – using Oita, a small city in Kyushu, as a case study. It focuses especially on the role local institutions and politicians play in influencing the kinds of participation available and subsequently, the attitudes created about participation.

Forest management in Indonesia has not yet been able to realize the constitutional mandate which was followed by uncontrolled forest destruction. Implementing a good forest government system is necessary. Therefore, it is essential to give indigenous peoples the authority to play a more critical role in forest management in the future. This study aims to find a form of sustainable forest management and sanctions for the perpetrators of forest destruction based on Dayak Kotabaru&rsquo ; s indigenous people. This study uses the normative juridical method that focuses on data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. While the objectives of this study are to review and describe the problems due to the absence of legal protection for customary rights, we also examine the extent of forest management by the Dayak Kotabaru&rsquo ; s customary law and seek to formulate forest management solutions in Indonesia based on the local culture as a prescriptive future policy. The results of this study indicate that a large amount of permits, given by the government to the private sector for forests in possession of indigenous peoples, are overlapping and as a result have increasingly marginalized the indigenous community and acted as a drawback to development. Forest management through the local culture, such as the Bera system in Dayak Kotabaru, can be beneficial for the local community, because locals will enjoy the production of farms and gardens, the soil will be naturally fertile because of a four year interlude, and the forest will remain sustainable as less forest area is cut down.

The scientific conference for students majoring in 291 International Relations, Public Communications and Regional Studies at the initiative of the Head of the Department of International Relations Olga Brusylovska brought together Masters of ONU and Bachelors of AMU in Poznan. The conference took place on June 1, 2021 online. Among the issues considered at the conference were: the analysis of international relations and foreign policy of the states (Elkhair A., ​​Superson I., Novatska O., Switalska N., Palyonova G., Lubinska M.), systemic transformation of post-communist countries (Burganova V., Nowak A., Dulevych M., Kahraman O., Navasardian D., Rzeczycki A., Polyakova E., Robeyko A., Shevchenko Y., Malicki T., Zazalitinova V., Domina O.).

The Massif Central is made up of several areas with specific dynamics. However, a number of common characteristics (rural and mountain areas, low population density) added to the national issues related to the health system make the organization of health care and its access difficult. Following a territorial approach and based on speeches and actions made by health care services, local authorities and health professionals, our research effort was focused on collecting and analyzing raised issues, actors involved in the field and actions that were taken. Evaluating the distinctive features of the rural areas in the Massif could allow new solutions to be developed. The close relationship between the populations and health actors, the low number of professionals, the role of the elected members and of the rural local authorities are key elements to take into account in Massif Central. We analyzed the interests and positions of each actor and explore new ongoing projects such as the healthcare centres with primary care teams or the local health care network developed in rural areas. This work contributes to the understanding of the pivotal role of the dialogue and cooperation among the main local actors (health professionals, political representatives and health institutions) on the success of the present and future projects to maintain and develop the supply of health care. ; Le Massif central est un ensemble de territoires aux dynamiques variées. Il réunit toutefois des caractéristiques qui, ajoutées aux enjeux nationaux, induisent des difficultés dans la présence, l'organisation et l'accès aux soins, en particulier pour les territoires éloignés des zones urbaines et des structures hospitalières, peu peuplés, peu attractifs et dont la population vieillit. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de rendre compte des questionnements qui s'expriment dans ces territoires, des acteurs qui s'y investissent et des actions qui s'y déroulent, selon un angle d'approche territoriale et en particulier à travers les discours et ...

The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) is well known to assess quality and business processes in a variety of sectors, including government. In this study, we investigate the relationship between aspects of the MBNQA's leadership triad and knowledge management in an e-government context. Specifically, we survey 1,100 employees of a medium-sized city government in the United States to investigate the relationship between leadership triad components, leadership strategic planning, and customer/market focus, with knowledge management. Our results show that these components are significantly related to knowledge management and are important in the delivery of e-government applications to the citizenry.

State and local governments are grappling with huge unfunded liability costs centered on public sector pensions and other postretirement benefits (OPEBs). Payments to cover these liabilities are crowding out revenues for essential public services. The policies and practices that determine public sector pay and benefits have become a significant part of the national conversation in the United States and Europe. This article provides commentary and a summary of a book addressing this topic: Rethinking Public Sector Compensation: What Ever Happened To The Public Interest? Recent national reforms on public pay and benefits are documented as well as the subsequent legal challenges that have emerged in several jurisdictions. The article conclusion is that it is imperative that these unfunded liabilities be addressed in a timely, comprehensive and fair manner, and that public sector compensation must be sustainable and reflect the reality of a new emerging workforce. However, the outcome from current litigation in several states will either significantly expand or restrict the ability to manage these public retirement plans. Adapted from the source document.

The article studies the issue of land values as the main object ofnature, the immensity of its properties to meet material, spiritual, recreational, health,aesthetic and other needs and the need for detailed regulation of the disposal of itsexisting legal acts.Paper objective. The environmental aspect of solving this problem is seen in thescientific substantiation of separation of powers of local administrations and other publicauthorities, local governments in land relations, given the proper provision throughoutthe state environmental safety, play ground in its close connection with naturalenvironment, Environmental Protection to implement the public interest and maintainingsustainable economic development, environmental balance in the country and itsindividual regions.Paper main body. The complexity of the problem is that lawyers no singleapproach to understanding the meaning of state ownership of land, the concept of publicadministration in the sphere of land relations, the essence of the respective relationsarising from the participation of local administrations, local authorities in solving landissues as part of ecological relations.The theoretical foundation that was laid by the Soviet legal doctrine, prepared thenecessary conditions for the perception of modern domestic legal theory understandingof the objectives and tasks of the Ukrainian state on environmental management, publicperformance are achieved and other bodies of a number of functions, ie activitiesnecessary for the optimal organization of rational use and protection of natural objects orthe environment as a whole.The appearance, in addition to state and other subjects of ownership of certainnatural resources not reduce, but instead raises to a new level role and importance of thestate and its organs as organizers and guarantors relations nature.Scientists engaged in research on the legal regulation of environmental,agricultural and land relations in Ukraine, conclude that in modern conditions of landreform, changes in the nature of public administration and improvement of its principles,such management should be considered based on the law of executive andadministrative activities authorized bodies to ensure effective and efficient use of landsand their protectionConclusions. Emphasized the special legal status of local state administrations isto combine the powers of the authority of general and special jurisdiction. A localauthority under state administration in the sphere of land relations understand entrustedto it by the State and enshrined in law the obligation to exposure to certain socialrelations. ; Статья посвящена исследованию вопроса ценности земли как основного объекта природы. Отмечено особый правовой статус местных государственных администраций, заключающийся в сочетании полномочий государственного органа общей и специальной компетенции. Предложено под полномочиями местных государственных администраций в области земельных отношений понимать возложенные на нее государством и закрепленные на законодательном уровне обязательства по влиянию на определенные общественные отношени ; Розглянуто питання цінності землі як основного об'єкта природи. Наголошено на особливому правовому статусі місцевих державних адміністрацій, що полягає в поєднанні повноважень державного органу загальної та спеціальної компетенції. Запропоновано під повноваженнями місцевих державних адміністрації в галузі земельних відносин розуміти покладені на неї державою та закріплені на законодавчому рівні зобов'язання щодо впливу на певні суспільні відносини

The article studies the issue of land values as the main object ofnature, the immensity of its properties to meet material, spiritual, recreational, health,aesthetic and other needs and the need for detailed regulation of the disposal of itsexisting legal acts.Paper objective. The environmental aspect of solving this problem is seen in thescientific substantiation of separation of powers of local administrations and other publicauthorities, local governments in land relations, given the proper provision throughoutthe state environmental safety, play ground in its close connection with naturalenvironment, Environmental Protection to implement the public interest and maintainingsustainable economic development, environmental balance in the country and itsindividual regions.Paper main body. The complexity of the problem is that lawyers no singleapproach to understanding the meaning of state ownership of land, the concept of publicadministration in the sphere of land relations, the essence of the respective relationsarising from the participation of local administrations, local authorities in solving landissues as part of ecological relations.The theoretical foundation that was laid by the Soviet legal doctrine, prepared thenecessary conditions for the perception of modern domestic legal theory understandingof the objectives and tasks of the Ukrainian state on environmental management, publicperformance are achieved and other bodies of a number of functions, ie activitiesnecessary for the optimal organization of rational use and protection of natural objects orthe environment as a whole.The appearance, in addition to state and other subjects of ownership of certainnatural resources not reduce, but instead raises to a new level role and importance of thestate and its organs as organizers and guarantors relations nature.Scientists engaged in research on the legal regulation of environmental,agricultural and land relations in Ukraine, conclude that in modern conditions of landreform, changes in the nature of public administration and improvement of its principles,such management should be considered based on the law of executive andadministrative activities authorized bodies to ensure effective and efficient use of landsand their protectionConclusions. Emphasized the special legal status of local state administrations isto combine the powers of the authority of general and special jurisdiction. A localauthority under state administration in the sphere of land relations understand entrustedto it by the State and enshrined in law the obligation to exposure to certain socialrelations. ; Статья посвящена исследованию вопроса ценности земли как основного объекта природы. Отмечено особый правовой статус местных государственных администраций, заключающийся в сочетании полномочий государственного органа общей и специальной компетенции. Предложено под полномочиями местных государственных администраций в области земельных отношений понимать возложенные на нее государством и закрепленные на законодательном уровне обязательства по влиянию на определенные общественные отношени ; Розглянуто питання цінності землі як основного об'єкта природи. Наголошено на особливому правовому статусі місцевих державних адміністрацій, що полягає в поєднанні повноважень державного органу загальної та спеціальної компетенції. Запропоновано під повноваженнями місцевих державних адміністрації в галузі земельних відносин розуміти покладені на неї державою та закріплені на законодавчому рівні зобов'язання щодо впливу на певні суспільні відносини

The article studies the issue of land values as the main object ofnature, the immensity of its properties to meet material, spiritual, recreational, health,aesthetic and other needs and the need for detailed regulation of the disposal of itsexisting legal acts.Paper objective. The environmental aspect of solving this problem is seen in thescientific substantiation of separation of powers of local administrations and other publicauthorities, local governments in land relations, given the proper provision throughoutthe state environmental safety, play ground in its close connection with naturalenvironment, Environmental Protection to implement the public interest and maintainingsustainable economic development, environmental balance in the country and itsindividual regions.Paper main body. The complexity of the problem is that lawyers no singleapproach to understanding the meaning of state ownership of land, the concept of publicadministration in the sphere of land relations, the essence of the respective relationsarising from the participation of local administrations, local authorities in solving landissues as part of ecological relations.The theoretical foundation that was laid by the Soviet legal doctrine, prepared thenecessary conditions for the perception of modern domestic legal theory understandingof the objectives and tasks of the Ukrainian state on environmental management, publicperformance are achieved and other bodies of a number of functions, ie activitiesnecessary for the optimal organization of rational use and protection of natural objects orthe environment as a whole.The appearance, in addition to state and other subjects of ownership of certainnatural resources not reduce, but instead raises to a new level role and importance of thestate and its organs as organizers and guarantors relations nature.Scientists engaged in research on the legal regulation of environmental,agricultural and land relations in Ukraine, conclude that in modern conditions of landreform, changes in the nature of public administration and improvement of its principles,such management should be considered based on the law of executive andadministrative activities authorized bodies to ensure effective and efficient use of landsand their protectionConclusions. Emphasized the special legal status of local state administrations isto combine the powers of the authority of general and special jurisdiction. A localauthority under state administration in the sphere of land relations understand entrustedto it by the State and enshrined in law the obligation to exposure to certain socialrelations. ; Статья посвящена исследованию вопроса ценности земли как основного объекта природы. Отмечено особый правовой статус местных государственных администраций, заключающийся в сочетании полномочий государственного органа общей и специальной компетенции. Предложено под полномочиями местных государственных администраций в области земельных отношений понимать возложенные на нее государством и закрепленные на законодательном уровне обязательства по влиянию на определенные общественные отношени ; Розглянуто питання цінності землі як основного об'єкта природи. Наголошено на особливому правовому статусі місцевих державних адміністрацій, що полягає в поєднанні повноважень державного органу загальної та спеціальної компетенції. Запропоновано під повноваженнями місцевих державних адміністрації в галузі земельних відносин розуміти покладені на неї державою та закріплені на законодавчому рівні зобов'язання щодо впливу на певні суспільні відносини

The social insecurity present in the nation has impeded the desired democratic system from thriving in various communities due to the lack of progress since its inception. The municipal authorities continue to grapple with governance and service provision issues within their communities. The 1994 victory sparked anticipation and excitement in society, leading to the expectation of policy changes and the rectification of past imbalances. However, the situation has resulted in discourse, inequality, and conflict among communities and state institutions. Municipal authorities have been at the centre of service delivery protests and their inability to address the needs of the communities they serve. Protests have erupted at all levels of government, with the majority becoming violent and fueled by various motivations. This study aims to evaluate relative deprivation and community protests within the South African context and to explore their relationship. Furthermore, it seeks to provide possible recommendations on how to address this phenomenon. The study posits that service delivery protests are influenced by relative deprivation, which has persisted due to inadequate service delivery. The paper suggests that inclusive policies that encourage public participation and foster trust in state-society relations can alleviate deprivation and protests. The study used a qualitative approach, gathering data from secondary sources and materials.