Suchergebnisse

Códigos JEL: J24, O33, O44, Q43 ; What happens to workers of the fossil fuels industry if an energy transition takes place? Even though an energy transition is one of the main objectives in the flght against climate change, it carries several economic and social costs, especially as it has heterogeneous effects on different groups of individuals. This paper introduces a directed technical change model where innovation is focused on the energy sector that demands both skilled and low-skilled labor. In this context, I show how an environmental catastrophe is inevitable if there is not a policy to carry out an energy transition. Once this policy is implemented, there is directed technical change toward the clean sector and workers in the dirty sector bear an extra cost to adapt their abilities to the skills' demand in the new sector. Consequently, the existing income gap is amplified following i) changes in relative labor supply favoring workers in the clean sector and ii) a reduction in disposable income for human capital investment. Government intervention is needed to compensate households and guarantee that economic and environmental gains from the energy transition outweigh its welfare losses.

The latest law on the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMWs), Law Number 18 of 2017 (Law 18/2017), obliges the Indonesian government to conduct economic protection through remittance management by involving certain institutions. Nonetheless, there is a lack of clarity about how this intervention would occur. The private nature of migrant workers' remittances leads to the question of constitutional justification essential for the government's authority to intervene – particularly in Indonesia as a constitutional state in the form of a welfare state – besides skepticism concerning the applicability of the norm. This paper emphasizes the constitutional silence with regard to state intervention in human resources allocation, as it makes the deployment of Indonesian workers abroad constitutionally groundless. Consequently, the discretion infiltrates the remittance, a component of national income that is essentially a private transfer in which the management should be fully controlled by the families. Through review of the scientific literature and legal document analysis, this research found that the inclusion of a state intervention provision on human resources into the 1945 Constitution is still required.

This contribution describes an updated synthetic route along with full characterization of [{CpFe}2-p-Ph'] with p-Ph': p-Bis{2,3,4,5tetramethylcyclopentadienyl}benzene). The complex reported here was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, the X-ray crystal structure, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. From the crystallographic analysis, it was found that both {CpFe} fragments are coordinated to opposite sites of the p-Ph' ligand. In addition, the analysis through of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, confirm that the synthesis and yield of just one isomer of this compound. ; We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from FONDECYT grant 1210827 (C. M-V), the Scheduled Tribes Welfare Department, Government of Karnataka, India for a student fellowship (Y.D.) to pursue a research stay at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. The authors are grateful to Professors Juan Manuel Manriquez and Ivonne Chavez for their advice, Dr. Ignasi Mata from ICMAB-CSIC for assistance with Mössbauer experiments. ; With funding from the Spanish government through the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S). ; Peer reviewed

This research aims to determine the role of Islamic boarding school recognition on the function of community empowerment in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. Qualitative research method, type of literature study. Data comes from books, journals, laws, government regulations, and other scientific articles. The results obtained are the challenge of Islamic boarding schools in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 is to improve the quality and development of human resources. The function of community empowerment in Islamic boarding schools is to improve the welfare of the Islamic boarding school and the community through human resources development activities, such as training and fieldwork practices, increasing economic strength and potential, implementing social activities, utilizing technology, and other activities according to the capacity of the Islamic boarding school. The role of Islamic boarding school recognition in the implementation of the empowerment function in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, which is to become the legal basis for the implementation of the overall community empowerment function, as well as providing assistance, both facilities and infrastructure, finance, technology, and skills training. Keywords: Islamic Boarding School Recognition; Community Empowerment; Industrial Revolution 4.0.

This research aims to explore the factors associated with the decisions of brinjal (aubergine) farmers to participate in large wholesale markets and estimate the impact of large wholesale markets participation on producers' prices in the Jashore and Narsingdi districts of Bangladesh. A linear probability model (LPM) was used to identify the factors associated with decisions to participate in large wholesale markets, and propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to estimate the impact of large wholesale markets on producer prices. The results showed that the decision to participate in a large wholesale market is significantly associated with years of schooling, farm size, the distance from the farm to the large wholesale market, road quality from the farm to the market, access to extension services, market information, group marketing, trust-based credit, yield, and transportation cost. Moreover, this study consistently showed that participation in a large wholesale market had a positive effect on producer price. Therefore, this study suggests the policy implication that comprehensive strategies must be adopted by the government to increase small-scale farmers' participation in large wholesale markets and improve the welfare of these farmers.

The study explores the dynamic association of financial expansion in curbing inflation and thereby assessing the general economic welfare strategies employing data over 1974-2016 for Pakistan. Econometric sophistication rests in the employment of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test of co-integration with short run disequilibrium models. The outcome corroborates that inflation and financial development with other controlled variables are co-integrated. The findings also corroborate that broad money, domestic credit to private sector, government expenses, and personal remittances are crucial indicators of financial development and diversely linked with inflation over the period of analysis. Specifically, broad money and government expenses corroborate a long run impact on inflation conforming to the idea of quantity theory of money neutrality. Likewise, domestic credit has shown noteworthy but low positive drive to inflation in long time of span, albeit domestic credit has insignificantly linked to inflation for the short span of time. These findings inter alia imply for the promotion of sound domestic banking/financial sector for credit market and new strategies for controlling the broad money/government expenses to curb the unintended rampant level of inflation in Pakistan.

The study examined a literature review on the factors of independence for the disabled. The paper's primary focus is to examine the significance of caregivers in promoting the ability of disabilities through encouraging peer support, environment and community support, and by the trainer of a trainee to help the disabled people identify their abilities for independence to live everyday life. The review unveiled the untapped reality that the disabled family's status has become a significant barrier to accessing different agencies and professionals for help, making it difficult for the disabled to identify their potential to become independent. From the review, an experienced caregiver with the requisite knowledge to handle the disabled children must consult more experienced individuals, including parents of the disabled and seek help from children's welfare, organization of disabilities and the government. Finally, the paper emphasizes the teacher-directed approach as an early intervention to a child's functional reading ability influenced by three primary determinant factors, including the trainer of the trainee, peer support, and environmental and community support.

Sustainability is a term that is expressed as the necessary conditions for the ecosystem to maintain its existence in a long process belonging to the science of ecology. It is a concept that has become widespread since the second half of the 20th century and has been associated with different fields such as social life, culture, law, politics, economy, education, environment, agriculture, ecology and even welfare level. The importance of this concept, which we encounter a lot today and which is associated with issues from different perspectives, whether interrelated or not, is increasing. In the literature on the subject, it is seen that there is no common or single definition accepted by everyone and the fields that the concept of sustainability is associated with. In this context, the aim of the research is to determine the opinions of the academicians working in the Department of Preschool Education on the fields of sustainability with which they associate the metaphors they use with the metaphors they use for sustainability. The data collected for the purpose were statistically analyzed and evaluated.

Politicization has not brought about any significant development economically, socially, and politically. This research aims to assess the politicization of heads of LGC in Kogi State with reference to Dekina with emphasis on the recurrent issues. The systematic technique was used to draw 100 interview respondents and data obtained was analyzed descriptively via content analysis. Findings among others reveal that; the politicization of heads of LGC in Kogi State, in particular, is conceived as support towards an economic investment that must produce enormous dividend at all means. Inexperience, not-qualify, and visionless candidates are imposed by State governors (godfathers) for administrative and total control of the political system, has been manipulated to serve their whims and caprices to enhance their enrichment by looting government funds detriment of the governed. This negative practice of politicization (godfatherism) is a big termite eating deep into the political development of Kogi politics not until the electoral process produces a leader with a conscience with the love of the state at heart that will consider the welfare and wellbeing of the govern paramount, political stability and democratic development will not be achievable.

The recognition of excessive forms of media entertainment use (such as uncontrolled video gaming or the use of social networking sites) as a disorder is a topic widely discussed among scientists and therapists, but also among politicians, journalists, users, and the industry. In 2018, when the World Health Organization (WHO) decided to include the addictive use of digital games (gaming disorder) as a diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases, the debate reached a new peak. In the current article, we aim to provide insights into the public debate on gaming disorder by examining data from Twitter for 11 months prior to and 8 months after the WHO decision, analyzing the (change in) topics, actors, and sentiment over time. Automated content analysis revealed that the debate is organic and not driven by spam accounts or other overly active 'power users.' The WHO announcement had a major impact on the debate, moving it away from the topics of parenting and child welfare, largely by activating actors from gaming culture. The WHO decision also resulted in a major backlash, increasing negative sentiments within the debate.

Risk governance is mostly viewed through the lens of disaster or emergency management departments, agencies, or organizations. Visible in times of crises, risk governance is rarely seen as part of everyday public or private functions such as planning, social welfare, investments, or fiscal responsibilities. This paper emphasizes the importance of disaster risk governance in disaster risk management activities on the example of the post-disaster recovery of Croatia after a series of strong seismic events in mainland Croatia. The analysis is made based on a thorough review of national documents of Croatia and other selected countries overlapped with the national journals reporting on the situation from the affected areas. In accordance with the authors' opinion, the necessary elements of disaster risk governance are clearly stated through the four Sendai framework priorities, and this statement is supported by the facts from the case study. Without either the political will or the enabling surrounding the disaster, risk management is next to impossible. The Croatian case study emphasizes the importance of disaster risk governance, showcasing the adaptation process for the post-disaster recovery process to start.

Developing countries are often faced with poor infrastructure and inadequate social welfare. It is debatable how much of these are needed for growth and what role institutional quality plays. Previous studies over decades have identified the significance of infrastructure in the growth and development of countries and regions, with most research focussing on the effect of aggregate infrastructure on economic growth. The literature on infrastructure's role in economic growth is extended by the inclusion of access to electricity, the internet, and water supply and their effect on economic growth using recent data from 2006 to 2020 on ECOWAS countries. A structural model of growth is built with consideration of the role of institutional quality at the regional level. A one-step difference Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique is employed to control the issue of endogeneity resulting in a negative relationship between physical infrastructure and growth. The pooled panel result reveals that interaction between infrastructural and institutional quality negatively impacts economic growth, while variant estimates of government effectiveness as an institutional quality have a positive impact on growth.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the lives of all Americans, but the severity of the pandemic has been experienced unevenly across space and time. Some states saw sharp rises in COVID‐19 cases in early March, whereas case counts rose much later in the rest of the country. In this article, we examine the relationship between exposure to COVID‐19 and citizens' views on what type of measures are required to deal with the crises and how experience with and exposure to COVID‐19 is associated with greater partisan polarization. We find consistent evidence of partisan divergence in pandemic‐response policy preferences across the first six months of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Republicans support national control measures whereas Democrats support welfare policies, and interparty differences grow over time. We find only limited evidence that exposure or experience moderates these partisan differences. Our findings are consistent with the view that Americans interpret the COVID‐19 pandemic in fundamentally partisan manner, and that objective pandemic conditions play at most a minor role in shaping mass preferences.

The effort to reduce poverty, it is hoped that the economic growth of a region can be spread evenly. To equalize the economic level of its citizens, local governments provide many opportunities for their citizens to get help or subsidies and even help open businesses so that the welfare of their citizens can be improved. The availability of accurate and sustainable citizens' economic status data is one of the important instruments for evaluating government policies in alleviating poverty by distributing targeted aid. Therefore, this study will conduct a classification based on data from citizens with low economic levels obtained from Pasar Babakan Sub-district, Bogor. The data used in this study is the data of underprivileged residents who are in Pasar Babakan Sub-district Bogor using data mining techniques. The training data are taken from 214 citizens that has a category of underprivileged citizens with attributes used in the classification of income per day, occupation and number of dependents. The test results using the Naive Bayes Classifier method produce 100% accuracy including the excellent category with 100% precision and 100% recall.

The villages as a local government directly serve the public should always provide good public services. On this basis, this article analyzes how the implementation of e-Government by village governments can contribute positively to village`s governance and public service seen from a public values perspective. The research method used in this research is the descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Sources of data come from secondary sources from books, journal articles and other relevant documents. The results of the analysis revealed that there are at least 3 (three) public values from the adoption of e-Government at the village level, namely: First, the commitment of the village government to provide technology-based public services would create good public services. Second, the implementation of e-Government ensures the public's right to participate in government administration in which the adoption of technology and information provides rights for open and collaborative governance. Third, the implementation of e-Government encourages the acceleration of a digital society which would contribute positively to village development and create public welfare.