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A compelling new history of the EU and the people who sought to shape and challenge it-from Maastricht to today The European Union is the most ambitious, and one of the most contentious, international organizations ever created. Decisions made in Brussels shape the lives of over 500 million Europeans, and its laws and policies resonate around the world. But how has the EU endured over three turbulent decades marred by crises at home and abroad? In this major account, Dermot Hodson traces the development of the EU from its establishment in 1993 through to Brexit, Covid-19, and the invasion of Ukraine. Hodson shows how the union has been held together not by faceless technocrats but national leaders who stood together in times of turmoil despite a fierce backlash from a new generation of right-wing populists. Circle of Stars offers a rich appraisal of Europe's troubled past and turbulent present-focusing on the people who built the EU as we know it today

Hauptbeschreibung Seit seiner Einführung im Jahr 1993 wurde das europäische Gemeinschaftssystem für das Umweltmanagement und die Umweltbetriebsprüfung (EMAS) als ein Schulbeispiel gesellschaftlicher Selbstregulierungssysteme genannt. Derartige Systeme werden häufig als neue Steuerungsform und sogar als Alternative zu dem gerade aus systemtheoretischer und umweltökonomischer Sicht in die Kritik geratenen Umweltordnungsrecht propagiert. Insbesondere die mangelnde Verbreitung der EMAS-Zertifizierung zeigt jedoch, dass es bei der Diskussion über ordnungsrechtlich-staatliche Instrumente der Umweltpolitik einerseits und Formen der gesellschaftlichen Selbstregulierung andererseits keineswegs um alternative, sondern vielmehr um kumulative Lösungen gehen muss, die insbesondere die Frage nach dem richtigen Verhältnis und der Verschränkung beider Teile aufwirft. Christoph Leifer geht dieser Frage im Fall des europäischen Umweltmanagementsystems EMAS nach und prüft, ob hierbei einerseits die Vorteile gesellschaftlicher Selbstregulierungssysteme genutzt werden, ohne andererseits die staatlichen Schutzpflichten und privaten Grundrechtspositionen außer acht zu lassen, um so zu einer Effizienz des Gesamtsystems zu gelangen. Anschließend untersucht er, wie das System der Selbstregulierung in Form der EMAS-Zertifizierung im Gesamtgefüge der Wirtschafts- und Umweltrechtsordnung verankert ist und welche Auswirkungen diese im Rahmen des Jahresabschlusses, bei der Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge und bei der Risikoeinschätzung auf Grund umwelthaftungsrechtlicher Bestimmungen sowie deren Versicherbarkeit hat.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of the credit expansion process on social welfare through the financial-monetary dimension with a focus on 22 economies from the European Union. In order to achieve this aim, the study seeks, on the one hand, to analyse the short-term dynamics (from one quarter to the other) of the relationships between the total volume of domestic credit to private sector (highlighting thus the credit expansion process) and the GDP per capita (the proxy for social welfare) and, on the other hand, to determine the impact of credit expansion on social welfare on medium and long term using the multiple regression model. The findings revealed that even the correlation between the credit expansion and social welfare is very strong and positive in almost all the analysed countries, the total volume of domestic credit to private sector influences unidirectionally the GDP per capita in only 11 of the 22 states. However, on medium and long term, the credit expansion process has a positive effect on social welfare in all the analysed EU countries.

The paradox in the formation of Union citizenship is that, on the one hand, its list of rights is primarily relevant for migrants and – again apart from the parliamentary permit - largely resembles the elements of enhanced denizen ship many member states had introduced before for their settled immigrants, but, on the other hand, its definition of the population to whom these rights apply excludes third country aliens, i.e. the great majority of migrants living in the territory of the Union. Union citizenship, first introduced in the Maastricht Treaty, confers a broad range of rights on national of the member states, including rights of movement, political rights, protection in non-EU states, and rights to petition. The relationship to national citizenship was clarified in the Treaty of Amsterdam: Union Citizenship is meant to supplement, not supplant, national citizenship. The European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, signed and proclaimed in Nice December 2000, laid out the range of civil, political, economic and social rights conferred both to Union Citizens and other persons resident in the EU.The Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed in Lisbon on 13 December 2007 and amends the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, sought in particular to reinforce the democratic fabric of the European Union. One of its major innovations is to introduce the European citizens' initiative. It provides that "not less than one million citizens who are nationals of a significant number of Member States may take the initiative of inviting the Commission, within the framework of its powers, to submit any appropriate proposal on matters where citizens consider that a legal act of the Union is required for the purpose of implementing the Treaties". It also provides that the procedures and conditions required for such a citizens' initiative, including the minimum number of Member States from which citizens must come, shall be determined in a Regulation to be adopted by the European Parliament and ...

Economic and political union initiatives and nationalistic imperatives since the 1950s.

The Internal Market Ideal is an essay collection honouring the work of Professor Stephen Weatherill. A reference to his seminal work The Internal Market as a Legal Concept (OUP, 2016), this volume is not simply a celebration of Weatherill's life, but an examination of the legal issues surrounding the semi-integrated market of the European Union.