Suchergebnisse

Examining emergent appropriations of new media technologies and platforms provides an opportunity to rethink their roles in identity and social formations. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation with Filipino transnationals in Indian cities, I look at the role of social networking site Facebook in their everyday life. Ethnographic data reveal that their practices of sharing achievements and affirming connections on Facebook relate to their need for recognition that is defined by their particular context of migration. The term "mediated recognition" is proposed to account for the ways new and traditional media facilitate recognition by providing a platform for self-presentation and affirmation from social networks. Mediated recognition also highlights how media provide symbolic resources that are harnessed by Filipino transnationals in constituting their identities and social relations. The article demonstrates how mediated recognition can be a framework to analyze a key moment in the process of identity and social formations.

Whilst the idea of utilizing social media to advance government-led e-Participation initiatives has proliferated significantly in recent years, mostly such initiatives do not meet the intended expectations, as the majority of them fail to attract wider citizens' audience. Overall, the key factors that could explain and predict citizens' participation are not yet thoroughly identified. Therefore, the current study develops a theoretical citizen-centric model that seeks to explain and predict the intention of citizens' behavior towards their involvement in government-led e-Participation initiatives through social media. The methodological approach is primarily based on utilizing and extending one of the well-known theories for describing a person acceptance behavior, namely the Theory of Planned Behavior. The model applies the main constructs of the Theory – attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and complements them with several constructs drawn from relevant literature. The paper contributes to understanding the reasons why citizens decide to engage or not in government-led e-Participation initiatives through social media. ...

We investigate the effect of Islamist terrorist activity on women's economic, political and legal position in society, using data for 168 countries between 1970 and 2016. We provide robust evidence that increased activity by Islamist terrorist groups is associated with lower levels of women's empowerment and rights. Various instrumental-variable approaches yield the same conclusion, suggesting that the adverse effect of Islamist terrorism on women' rights is causal. Further emphasizing the role of violent Islamist fundamentalism, we find no evidence that Islam per se (as indicated by a country's Muslim population share) affects the position of women in society. Finally, we show that left-wing and nationalist-separatist terrorism do not affect women's rights, which reinforces the notion that Islamist terrorism is singularly interested and effective in achieving weaker women's rights. We argue that our findings are consistent with predictions of a strategic model of terrorism, where (1) Islamist terrorists use violence to curb women's rights because they consider modern notions of gender equality to be corruptive and (2) governments make concessions that constrain the role of women in society because the costs of compliance are lower than the political and economic harm that would result from further Islamist terrorist attacks.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the dual effect of financial liberalization over more than three decades, starting from the independent contributions of Ronald I. McKinnon and Edwards S. Shaw on this topic. In this regard, the paper revisits the effects of financial liberalization and governance on growth. Moreover, it presents a summary of current research in this area, covering the conclusions of the endogenous growth models, issues on volatility and the relationship between financial liberalization, institutions, governance and economic growth. To study data of 54 countries from 1985 to 2010 and because the nexus between financial liberalization and economic growth is nonlinear and depends on specific national factors especially institutions quality and governance, the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model is used. The main result of this study shows that a better contribution of financial liberalization to economic growth requires the interrelationship and the complementarity between financial liberalization and governance. Overall, regardless of the level of liberalization, output income is always higher with better governance and institutions.

Since last year, the Government of Chile has spearheaded a process to modify education policy between Chile and Haiti. This constitutes an intervening condition of social inclusion for Haitian people arriving as migrants. In this context, a research project was conducted to describe and analyze beliefs amongst Haitian parents in Quilicura District, regarding the role of schools in social inclusion processes for their children. The principal results showcase a form of cultural diversity that exists in today's schools, failing to take into account the beliefs of Haitian parents. This situation operates alongside a prevailing approach within schools that is based more on social integration than on social inclusion, causing children to restrict their effective social inclusion process within the establishment, as they lack support ortools to develop it correctly. ; Desde el último año, el gobierno de Chile ha encabezado un proceso de modificación en la polí­tica educacional entre Chile y Haití­. Esto último es una condición interviniente de inclusión social para los mismos haitianos que llegan al paí­s.En este contexto, se realizó una investigación que describe y analiza las creencias de padres haitianos de la comuna de Quilicura, respecto del rol de la escuela en los procesos de inclusión social de sus hijos e hijas. Los principales resultados dan cuenta de una diversidad cultural que existe hoy en la escuela, en donde las creencias de los padres haitianos no son consideradas. Además de prevalecer en la escuela el enfoque de integración social más que el de inclusión social, lo cual hace que niños y niñas coarten su proceso de inclusión social efectiva en el establecimiento, ya que no tienen el apoyo ni las herramientas para desarrollarlo correctamente.

Purpose
The recent economic changes in India and the gender discrimination practices of the patriarchal society have forced Indian women to turn to the financial sector as an essential means of generating returns. This study aims to identify the factors influencing investors' investment frequency in India's two most recognized metropolitan areas.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors applied structural equation modeling to augment Allport's consumer behavior model and the social influence theory for assessing the frequency of investments made by 690 investors. The direct and indirect linkages in the proposed model were evaluated using moderation and mediation techniques.

Findings
The study's findings show that investors' perceptions of gender discrimination practices and social influence considerably increase investors' involvement, magnifying their investment frequency. In addition, access to reliable information reinforces the relationship between investors' involvement and their frequency of investments, whereas the low-risk tolerance weakens this association.

Research limitations/implications
The findings could help policymakers, investors, financial media outlets, financial experts, educational institutions and society strengthen India's financial sector by leveraging the linkage between the underlying constructs and investors' behavior.

Originality/value
The aspects of involvement and gender inequality have not garnered enough attention in the previous studies on behavioral finance. The study delves deeper into investor behavior by establishing a link between the underlying constructs and broadening the horizons of prominent consumer behavior models. It also unfurls the moderating role of access to information and risk tolerance to comprehend the association better.

The European Union (EU) can be regarded as one economic region and this way its competitiveness can be defined and examined. However, there are huge tensions within the European region that raise questions about whether there exists a European economic region and thus "European competitiveness" at all. Unlike some of its largest competitors, Europe still has not overcome the financial and economic crisis that burst out in 2008. In fact, Europe is now struggling with its own crisis, being rather a new chapter than the natural continuation of the global processes. The whole story of the European integration has been the story of economic and social cohesion. In this respect, there does exist a European social market model. But there is a huge dilemma related to this model that has to be faced: on one hand, high European social standards can only be met if competitiveness is maintained but, on the other hand, these expectations on behalf of European societies appear as a mere disadvantage in cost-competitiveness in the global arena. The issue is complex and calls for balanced and sophisticated thinking. In this sense, European competitiveness is the competitiveness of the whole European social market model—highly challenged these days.

AbstractThere has been an increasing interest in exploring the different types of welfare regimes in middle- and low-income countries. However, most of the studies so far seem to neglect the importance of illicit groups as welfare providers. Illicit groups can be so powerful in many of these societies, that they can create extensive social safety nets embedded in parallel governance orders. Considering their importance as fundamental actors in the Global South, it is required to acknowledge their role as welfare deliverers as a missing piece in the literature. Hence I discuss the nature of what I call "clandestine welfare" and three specific forms of social protection provided by illicit groups: direct, involuntary, and forced. In the first form, the illicit groups provide directly to society by delivering goods or services that the formal state fails to provide. In the second, the illicit group's activities have involuntary but positive spill-overs over society in terms of welfare. In the last one, the illicit groups use violence to force other social actors to provide social protection. By bringing illustrative examples from Latin America, I aim to show that the action of illicit groups represents a tangible source of welfare for a large segment of the population that goes beyond charity.

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to assess the effectiveness of using social media in disseminating information about new objects in the field of youth tourism in the regional market in order to adjust measures for its popularization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the presence of organizations involved in the development of tourism, including youth tourism, in social media represented on the tourism market of Kursk and the degree of their involvement in informing the youth of the region about tourist sites available to them, as well as developing recommendations for increasing the efficiency of communicating information about new products to consumers.Objectives: determining the level of use of social media by organizations and institutions responsible for the development and promotion of tourism to communicate information about tourism services to young people; assessment of trends in the use of social media among young people; searching for directions for effective promotion of information through social media in modern conditions of technology development.Methodology. As part of the study, the authors used methods of content analysis of information from open sources, comparative and economic analysis. The results of the study are presented using systematization methods and the tabular method. Recommendations are formulated using the logical method.Results. It has been established that information about services and youth tourism facilities is not communicated effectively to consumers. A gap has been identified between the speed of emergence of new services, locations, offers and informing young people as the end consumer. The directions for expanding the possibilities of using the potential of modern means of social media for the effectiveness of informing young people are substantiated.Conclusions. An analysis of the effectiveness of the use of social media by organizations involved in the development and promotion of youth tourism, carried out as part of this study, confirmed the authors' hypothesis about the existence of a gap between the emergence of new services, locations, competitions and informing the end consumer about this.

Social capital is widely regarded as a key element in recovery from and resilience to disasters. Yet, little attention has been paid to the specificities of what supports or undermines remote rural communities' social capital in disasters. Here, we examine how bonding, bridging, and linking social capital operated after the 2015 earthquake in three remote Nepali communities of Sindhupalchok and Gorkha Districts, which have varying degrees of access to infrastructure, relief and recovery programmes. We draw on community-based qualitative research conducted in 2018 (including data from participatory videos, focus group discussions and Key Informant Interviews) to show how different forms of social capital 'matter' more in different phases of recovery. Immediately after the earthquake, high levels of bonding and bridging social capital among residents reduced barriers to collective action, and helped efforts to rescue and support affected individuals. This dissipated, however, once external relief arrived. Already-marginalized groups with low social capital of all types were less able to access relief items and funding for rebuilding compared with those of higher social status or with political links. Pre-existing socio-cultural inequalities, including those driven by weak bonding relationships in families, gender inequalities and the remoteness of villages, further undermined communities' social capital and their resilience to the earthquake. Disaster relief programmes should target women and the elderly to improve resilience of marginalised communities to future disasters. For long-term resilience, disaster programmes should consider social capital in terms of power and pre-existing inequalities, so that linking capital would not just serve elite groups.