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Social capital is widely regarded as a key element in recovery from and resilience to disasters. Yet, little attention has been paid to the specificities of what supports or undermines remote rural communities' social capital in disasters. Here, we examine how bonding, bridging, and linking social capital operated after the 2015 earthquake in three remote Nepali communities of Sindhupalchok and Gorkha Districts, which have varying degrees of access to infrastructure, relief and recovery programmes. We draw on community-based qualitative research conducted in 2018 (including data from Participatory Videos, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews) to show how different forms of social capital 'matter' more in different phases of recovery. Immediately after the earthquake, high levels of bonding and bridging social capital among residents reduced barriers to collective action and helped efforts to rescue and support affected individuals. This dissipated, however, once external relief arrived. Already-marginalised groups with low social capital of all types were less able to access relief items and funding for rebuilding compared with those of higher social status or with political links. Pre-existing socio-cultural inequalities, including those driven by weak bonding relationships in families, gender inequalities and the remoteness of villages, further undermined communities' social capital and their resilience to the earthquake. Disaster relief programmes should target women and the elderly to improve the resilience of marginalised communities to future disasters. For long-term resilience, disaster programmes should consider social capital in terms of power and pre-existing inequalities, so that linking capital would not just serve elite groups.

Abstract
In Flanders, Belgium, a primary healthcare reform is ongoing to strengthen the health system and work towards improving integrated care. At the core of this transformation stands a person-centred perspective that considers social factors, which increases the tendency for collaboration between health and welfare systems. Primary care physicians and social workers are urged to collaborate; however, the way general practitioners (GPs) define and utilise the role of social work remains unclear. This study explores the perceptions of GPs regarding the role of social work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-three GPs, working under both fee-for-service and capitation financing systems, with varying years of experience and in different geographical areas. The findings reveal that physicians recognise the influence of social factors on their patients care needs, yet, struggle with addressing them. Due to limited experience and understanding of the role of social work, GPs primarily focus on its value in individual cases, whilst having less awareness of their role and potential at the neighbourhood, organisational or population level. This study identified different factors that either facilitate or hinder collaboration with social work. The implications for the social work profession and future joint efforts are discussed.

This study sets forth a social identity explanation of the link between supranational identity and democratic values, and, thus, for cross-border value diffusion. This explanation is tested with data from 19 regions in Europe from the latest wave of the World Values Survey using multilevel ordered logit models. The results reveal a little-studied relationship between the supranational identification of respondents within the European framework and stronger support for the postmaterialist values that have been previously linked to successful democratization. Conversely, stronger national and local identification is associated with weaker support for these values. The use of multilevel methods also reveals several interesting patterns in more traditional explanations of the adoption of democratic values. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright holder.]

The European Convention on Human Rights says freedom of expression is the rule, limitations on it the exception. And these exceptions must be narrowly interpreted. This is where any debate on the role of the media must begin

With the development of an MCMC algorithm, Bayesian model selection for the p2 model for directed graphs has become possible. This paper presents an empirical exploration in using approximate Bayes factors for model selection. For a social network of Dutch secondary school pupils from different ethnic backgrounds it is investigated whether pupils report that they receive more emotional support from within their own ethnic group. Approximated Bayes factors seem to work, but considerable margins of error have to be reckoned with.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is perceived by many as a means of tackling the problem of social exclusion. This perspective has resulted in governments and donor agencies investing in the establishment of Internet access points (e.g. telecentres) in areas which are perceived to be socially excluded. Yet, beyond the belief of inherently beneficial ICTs, there has been little empirical work done to evaluate the impact of ICTs, notably the Internet, in addressing social exclusion. In this paper, we report on a study investigating whether the Internet contributes to alleviating social exclusion in developing countries. The cross-sectional study uses a qualitative research approach on four communities with government-funded Internet access points in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The major finding of the paper is that the Internet plays a minimal role in alleviating social exclusion, and only a few members of the communities stand to benefit. The Internet on its own is not sufficient to address the problems of social exclusion; there are necessary preconditions which should be in place for the Internet to have an impact.

This article intends to re-examine what is necessary and desirable for reconstructing social democracy and socialism for the 21st century against neoliberalism. It starts by
reviewing the final chapter of David Harvey's The Enigma of Capital (2010), where he presents his ideas of what is to be done about a series of important
issues of our age. Among other things, we have to rethink anew notions of communism, socialism, anti-capitalism, anarchism, social democracy, and Keynesianism against
neoliberalism. Beyond the typical 20th-century models of social democracy and socialism, which expected to change the roles of nation state upon the ground of trade union
movements, new features and components of their 21st-century models are to be examined. Among them, let us reconsider here more concretely, based upon our recent experiences, what
to expect on Keynesian devices, green recovery policies, the ideas of basic income and local currencies.

Discipline disproportionality is the overuse of exclusionary discipline, such as suspension and expulsion, on Black students in American schools. This study adds to the literature by examining how parental involvement affects racial disparities in disciplinary outcomes in in-school suspension and by theoretically analyzing how parents' social and cultural capital affect student disciplinary outcomes. The study uses Hayes's dimensions of parental involvement as potential moderators between race and exclusionary discipline: achievement values, home-based involvement, and school-based involvement. Using base year data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 ( n = 15,362), a logistic regression model examines the three parental involvement dimensions as moderators of race and suspension. Two of the three dimensions significantly moderate the relationship between race and suspension. Both moderators are associated with a higher rate of discipline disproportionality. The analysis suggests that even while Black parents act as "adept managers" of capital, schools are still marginalizing the nondominant forms of capital that Black parents have.

This book argues that relational cognition, a form of social cognition, exhibits digital infinity as does language. Copies of elementary models are combined and recursively nested to form a potentially infinite number of complex models. Just as one posits proof-theoretic grammars in order to account for the digital infinity of language, one also should posit proof-theoretic grammars to account for the digital infinity of relational cognition. Objections to a proof-theoretic approach, often equally applicable both to language and to relational cognition, are considered and criticized. Such objections either posit overly complex alternatives or overlook the role of idealization in science.