Suchergebnisse

FOR MORE THAN THREE DECADES, THE SOVIET UNION HAS ENGAGED IN AN ALMOST CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF REFORMING THE CENTRALLY-PLANNED ECONOMY INHERITED FROM STALIN. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE REFORM PROGRAMS OF ALL SOVIET LEADERS FROM KHRUSHCHEV TO GORBACHEV HAS BEEN TO MAKE THE ECONOMY MORE EFFICIENT AND RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER DEMAND WHILE RETAINING ITS SOCIALIST CHARACTER. THE REFORMS MADE BY KHRUSHCHEV AND BREZHNEV CAME TO NAUGHT, BECAUSE THEY LEFT THE ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE STALINIST ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN PLACE. ALTHOUGH GORBACHEV'S REFORMS ENLARGE THE SCOPE FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR, THEY ALSO LEAVE MUCH OF THE OLD SYSTEM IN PLACE. FAR MORE RADICAL MOVES TOWARD PRIVATIZATION AND MARKETIZATION WILL BE REQUIRED TO CREATE A SOCIALIST REGULATED MARKET ECONOMY THAT CAN SATISFY CONSUMERS AND COMPETE WITH THE WEST.

AbstractFrom the mid‐1960s through 1980, major policy changes were adopted as a result of federal and state public lands protection statutes. This article analyzes the impact these policy changes have had upon the economies of gateway communities, a subject of limited discussion in the scholarly literature. One conclusion is that gateway community economies have become less dependent on resources extraction. This analysis finds that several factors––beyond policy change––have influenced the shift away from resources extraction. Likewise, there is the question over what economic mainstays have stepped in to fill the resources extraction void? For many gateway communities, it appears that the answer has been recreational tourism. The implications of this economic shift within gateway communities are explored.

THE AUTHOR ANALYZES A LINK BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC POLICY AND MICROECONOMIC RESPONSES IN ORDER TO EXPLAIN THE POOR RESULTS OF RUSSIAN ECONOMIC REFORM IN 1992. IT IS CLEAR THAT 1992 WAS CRUCIAL IN DEFINING THE PATTERN OF REFORMS IN RUSSIA AND THE FOLLOWING PERIOD, UP TO THE END OF 1993, FAILED TO CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANT FRESH IMPETUS TO THE TRANSITION OWING TO A POLITICAL DEADLOCK. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE 1992 ECONOMIC POLICIES WERE PIVOTAL IN THE POLITICAL STRUGGLE THAT CULMINATED IN THE DECEMBER 1993 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS.

Contributed research papers

Relevance of the research topic. In modern conditions, fiscal policy is an important tool for regulating economic processes, stimulating economic growth. Important factors influencing the vectors of fiscal policy are financial and economic endogenous and exogenous risks due to trends in national economic development and the intensification of globalization. Accordingly, the assessment of economic processes, financial and economic risks is an important condition for the formation and implementation of effective fiscal policy. Formulation of the problem. In the context of deteriorating trends in national economic development and intensification of globalization processes, important tasks are: substantiation of priority areas of fiscal policy, in particular on the formation of budget revenues and expenditures, ensuring economically justified level of raising social standards and public capital investment. At the same time, the basis of the quality level of fiscal policy implementation is its coherence with the strategic priorities of the country's socio-economic development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of formation and implementation of fiscal policy is quite common in research. These are the works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, V. Tanzi, S. Kucherenko, L. Lysyak, L. Levaeva, I. Lukyanenko, M. Pasichny, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above issues are relevant in connection with the deteriorating trend of economic development, the violation of fiscal stability and balance, which requires a number of specific tasks related to the formation and implementation of effective fiscal policy. Problem statement, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the role of fiscal policy in regulating socio-economic processes; substantiate the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in modern conditions; to analyze and evaluate the main tax revenues of the consolidated budget of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to reveal the directions of fiscal policy as a component of economic development. Method or methodology of the study. The article uses a set of research methods: a systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, synthesis, etc. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of fiscal policy in the regulation of socio-economic processes is revealed. The peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in modern conditions are substantiated. The analysis and estimation of the basic tax receipts of the consolidated budget of Ukraine is carried out. The directions of fiscal policy as a component of economic development are determined. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the formation and implementation of fiscal policy. Conclusions in accordance with the article. The validity of the implementation of fiscal policy is an important condition for achieving national socio-economic interests. In order to increase the effectiveness of fiscal policy as a component of economic development, at this stage, it is advisable to: ensure financial stability and implement measures to reduce the risk of imbalances, including modernization of infrastructure and basic sectors of the economy, effective protection of the domestic market and export support; stimulating investment processes in the economy.