Suchergebnisse

The Asia and Pacific region and Latin American and Caribbean region are two regions divided not only by vast geographic distance, but also by disparities in economics, politics, culture, and history. Most recently, a number of forums explored the possibility of closing such gaps and linking the two regions through various trade and investment initiatives. The opportunities for cooperation abound and could touch on areas that will improve the regional value chain and enhance the innovation and competitiveness of both regions. Interregional cooperation could also help the two regions seek ways to deal with the current global economic crisis through a range of opportunities to stimulate the economy. This paper explores the potential for regional cooperation between the Asia and Pacific region and Latin America and the Caribbean. It also provides some recommendations to enhance the economic partnership of the two regions.

This article uses 1993 data from the Trinidad and Tobago Continuous Sample Survey of the Population to investigate patterns of remuneration across its public and private sectors. Unlike results from developed countries, the large earnings premium to public sector workers in Trinidad & Tobago appears to be explained more so by differences in returns to characteristics valued by the labor market than by differences in levels of these characteristics. The large public sector earnings premium is also more likely to benefit the most disadvantaged workers in the economy, Africans and women. These two findings highlight the possibility that the government is using its ability to pay its workers differentially in order to offset private sector ethnic and gender discrimination. Hence, the current move towards privatization of nationalized industries in Trinidad and Tobago is likely to have the impact of increasing ethnic and gender earnings inequity.

[eng] Despite the literature on corporate social responsibility of small and medium enterprises has grown in recent years, knowledge on the subject is still fragmented and has not yet achieved a coherent theory of social responsibility for companies of this dimension. In this sense, this thesis sought to contribute to the development of the theory from the perspective of small businesses in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. The thesis is structured in three articles. The first article addresses a review of the literature in order to analyze research trends in the field of corporate social responsibility of small and medium enterprises in the period 1970-2018. The results show greater interest in the subject as of 2002, with greater research production, mainly in developed countries in Europe and North America. It also identifies a predominance of empirical studies and the relative decrease of descriptive works in the study of social responsibility in small and medium enterprises. Parallel to the greater collaborative and multidisciplinary work among authors, a low level of connectivity of the authors is observed at the level of the entire network. Finally, it is identified that social responsibility research in smaller companies is in a state of growth, with theoretical restrictions to advance to a state of maturation of knowledge. The second article evaluates the degree of understanding and execution of social responsibility practices in micro, small and medium-sized companies in Barranquilla, following the theory of Stakeholders. Using an exploratory factor analysis in 779 companies, it was found that the variables with the greatest explanatory influence on socially responsible performance are the employees, the environment and the community. In contrast, corporate management, the value chain and the public/governmental sector conditions the development of social responsibility actions. Additionally, there is a weak perception and lack of will among owners and managers to undertake comprehensive social responsibility programs, as well as little interest in formalizing the social initiatives already carried out. The third article develops a new multidimensional scale to measure the perception of owners and/or managers about corporate social responsibility activities and the effect of this perception on the corporate image of micro, small and medium enterprises in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Using structural equations, in a sample of 3069 companies, the causal relationship between social responsibility and corporate image was measured. The results confirmed the empirical validation of three different dimensions to measure social responsibility and its relationship with the corporate image. In particular, the economic dimension acts as the most influential domain of social responsibility, as opposed to the environmental dimension that is less relevant. In addition, the study found that the positive perception of social responsibility acts as a key mediator for the corporate image. Finally, it is important to emphasize that the main contribution of this thesis is in providing empirical evidence on the knowledge and execution of actions of social responsibility in smaller companies in a developing country. In effect, the results show moderate knowledge and the informal implementation of some social responsibility practices, which suggests the need of advancing in social responsibility training programs led by academia, government entities and business associations.

The Asia and Pacific region and Latin American and Caribbean region are two regions divided not only by vast geographic distance, but also by disparities in economics, politics, culture, and history. Most recently, a number of forums explored the possibility of closing such gaps and linking the two regions through various trade and investment initiatives. The opportunities for cooperation abound and could touch on areas that will improve the regional value chain and enhance the innovation and competitiveness of both regions. Interregional cooperation could also help the two regions seek ways to deal with the current global economic crisis through a range of opportunities to stimulate the economy. This paper explores the potential for regional cooperation between the Asia and Pacific region and Latin America and the Caribbean. It also provides some recommendations to enhance the economic partnership of the two regions.

The Political Constitution of 1991, as a supreme regulation of the Colombian republic, develops the way in which the nation is established. Moreover, it indicates how its territorial organization is, showing the Magna Carta, which states that it is organized in territorial entities, such as: departments, districts, cities, and indigenous territories. Furthermore, it indicates that, through the law, it can provide the role of territorial entities to the regions and provinces that are constituted under its own stipulation. However, twenty-six years have passed since the Political Constitution was formed, and yet, the first administrative and planning region has not been created. Therefore, this research study has emerged seeking to sketch seeks to analyze some criteriafor transforming the administrative and planning region into a territorial entity. ; La Constitución Política de 1991, como norma suprema de la Republica de Colombia desarrolla la forma de estado en la que está constituida, así mismo, indica cómo es su organización territorial, en tal sentido la Carta Magna manifiesta que se organiza en entidades territoriales, la cuales son: los departamentos, los distritos, los municipios y los territorios indígenas, además, indica que mediante ley podrá darle carácter de entidades territoriales a las regiones y provincias que se constituyan en los términos de estas, sin embargo, han transcurrido 26 años desde la creación de la Constitución Política y aun no se ha conformada la primera región administrativa como entidad territorial, hasta la fecha solo se han formalizado Regiones administrativas y de planificación, por lo cual el objeto de estudio de esta investigación, busca analizar algunos criterios para la transformación de una región administrativa y de planificación a una entidad territorial

The Political Constitution of 1991, as a supreme regulation of the Colombian republic, develops the way in which the nation is established. Moreover, it indicates how its territorial organization is, showing the Magna Carta, which states that it is organized in territorial entities, such as: departments, districts, cities, and indigenous territories. Furthermore, it indicates that, through the law, it can provide the role of territorial entities to the regions and provinces that are constituted under its own stipulation. However, twenty-six years have passed since the Political Constitution was formed, and yet, the first administrative and planning region has not been created. Therefore, this research study has emerged seeking to sketch seeks to analyze some criteriafor transforming the administrative and planning region into a territorial entity. ; La Constitución Política de 1991, como norma suprema de la Republica de Colombia desarrolla la forma de estado en la que está constituida, así mismo, indica cómo es su organización territorial, en tal sentido la Carta Magna manifiesta que se organiza en entidades territoriales, la cuales son: los departamentos, los distritos, los municipios y los territorios indígenas, además, indica que mediante ley podrá darle carácter de entidades territoriales a las regiones y provincias que se constituyan en los términos de estas, sin embargo, han transcurrido 26 años desde la creación de la Constitución Política y aun no se ha conformada la primera región administrativa como entidad territorial, hasta la fecha solo se han formalizado Regiones administrativas y de planificación, por lo cual el objeto de estudio de esta investigación, busca analizar algunos criterios para la transformación de una región administrativa y de planificación a una entidad territorial

Abstract
In this paper, I first broadly map the historical patterns of Chinese presence in the Latin America and Caribbean (lac) region, as a way of distinguishing the primary locations and forms of incorporation and settlement. This historical context provides a baseline from which to examine patterns of the new post-1980s instantiations of Chinese presence in the wider lac region and Central America and Caribbean (cac) sub-region, with particular reference to the English-speaking Caribbean, and, even more specifically, the Eastern Caribbean group of islands with no historical antecedent of an older Chinese diaspora. To highlight this specificity, I include findings from preliminary research conducted in several of these islands, and examine some of the key emerging configurations and complications of the new dual presence in the Anglophone Caribbean of the Chinese state and private entrepreneurial immigrant.

Artykuł w: Anuario Latinoamericano : ciencias políticas y relaciones internacionales Vol. 9 (2020), strony 137-171 ; Tytuł równoległy: La posición militar de los países de la región de América Latina y el Caribe en el periodo 2008–2020 ; Streszczenie w języku angielskim, hiszpańskim. ; Artykuł w: Anuario Latinoamericano : ciencias políticas y relaciones internacionales Vol. 9 (2020), strony 137-171 ; Tytuł równoległy: La posición militar de los países de la región de América Latina y el Caribe en el periodo 2008–2020 ; Streszczenie w języku angielskim, hiszpańskim.

La posición militar internacional de un Estado puede describirse principalmente en categorías cuantitativas. En el caso de la región de América Latina y el Caribe, hay también otros determinantes que influyen en la evaluación de la posición militar de los países. Los más importantes parecen ser: las amenazas externas e internas a la seguridad nacional, incluidas las amenazas no militares de carácter transfronterizo, la posición militar internacional de los Estados Unidos de América, el contexto histórico y cultural, el papel de los militares en la política interna, la modernización del ejército, las nuevas tareas de las fuerzas armadas y las condiciones geográficas. En este artículo se analizará la posición de las fuerzas terrestres, aéreas, navales, así como de las formaciones paramilitares de los países de la región en el período 2008–2020.