Suchergebnisse

Bairoch Paul: Commerce extërieur et développement économique de l'Europe au XIXe siècle.Blaug Mark (Ed.): The Economics of the Arts.Böckels Lothar, Scharf Bodo and Widmaier Hans Peter: Machtverteilung im Sozialstaat.Widmaier Hans Peter: Sozialpolitik im Wohfahrtsstaat.Bombach G., Ramser H.J., Timmermann M. and Wittmann W. (Hrsg.): Der Keynesianismus.Brown Murray, Sato Kazuo, and Zarenbka Paul (Eds.): Essays in Modern Capital Theory.Csepinszky A. (Ed.): Input‐Output Techniques.Dürr Ernst: Wachstumspolitik.Giersch Herbert: Konjunktur‐ and Wachstumspolitik in der offenen Wirtschaft.Eckstein Otto (Ed.): Parameters and Policies in the U.S. Economy.Gordon Barry: Political Economy in Parliament 1819‐1823.Hayek F. A.: Denationalisation of Money.Heertje Arnold: Economics and Technical Change.Henry Louis: Population: Analysis and Models.Herder‐Dorneich Philipp and Groser Manfred: Ökonomische Theorie des politischen Wettbewerbs.Herring Richard J. and Marston Richard C.: National Monetary Policies and International Financial Markets.Horn Ernst‐Jürgen: Technologische Neuerungen and internationale Arbeitsteilung.Nau Henry R.: Technology Transfer and U.S. Foreign Policy.Lesourne Jacques: Les systëmes du destin.Luhmann N., Becker H., Ronge V., Meissner W., Offe C. U. a.: Interaktion von Wissenschaft and Politik.Machlup Fritz (Ed.): Economic Integration Worldwide, Regional, Sectoral.Malinvaud Edmond: The Theory of Unemployment Reconsidered.Münnich Frank E.: Einführung in die empirische Makroökonomik.Pitchford John D. and Turnovsky Stephen J.: Applications of Control Theory to Economic Analysis.Posner Richard A.: Antitrust Law: An Economic Perspective.Prais S.J.: The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain.Schultz Bruno: Kleine deutsche Geldgeschichte des 19. and 20. Jahrhunderts.Shonfield Andrew (Ed.): International Economic Relations of the Western World 1959‐1971.Sijben Jac. J.: Money and Economic Growth.Stem Carl H., Makin John H., and Logue Dennis E. (Eds.): Eurocurrencies and the International Monetary System.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- Introduction: Migration, Diasporas and Legal Systems in Europe -- Chapter 1: Rethinking Legal Theory in the Light of South-North Migration Werner F. Menski -- Chapter 2: Ethnic Diversity and the Delivery of Justice: The Challenge of Plurality -- Chapter 3: The Migration and Settlement of Muslims: The Challenges for European Legal Systems -- Chapter 4: Alternative Dispute Resolution in a Muslim Community: The Shia Imami Ismaili Conciliation and Arbitration Boards -- Chapter 5: New Judicial Developments in EU Citizenship: Solidarity, Security, and Second-class Citizens -- Chapter 6: Discriminatory Denationalisations Based on Ethnic Origin: The Dark Legacy of Ex Art 19 of the Greek Nationality Code -- Chapter 7: The Irish Citizenship Referendum 2004: A Solution in Search of a Problem? -- Chapter 8: Changing Polities and Electoral Rights: Lithuania's Accession to the EU -- Chapter 9: Hidden Purpose: UK Ethnic Minority International Marriages and the Immigration Rules -- Chapter 10: Transnational Mothering, National Immigration Policy and the European Court of Human Rights -- Chapter 11: Entry and Residence of Aliens in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights -- Chapter 12: Immigration Policy of the European Union: The Challenges Posed by a Fifth Enlargement -- Chapter 13: An Unhappy Triangle? Labour Migration in Spain and Gibraltar from Morocco -- Chapter 14: Impact of the EU Membership Process on the Development of the Turkish Immigration Law Regime -- Chapter 15: EU Law and Policy on Irregular Migration: The Need for Convergence on the Admission of Third-country Nationals for Employment -- Chapter 16: Monitoring the UK Entry Clearance System.

A monetary union without fiscal union is generally considered to be incomplete. We consider three steps for increasing the centralisation of fiscal functions, and discuss the prerequisites for moving forward at each one. Above all, fiscal integration is a matter of trust, which is currently at a low level. The first step would be to complete banking union and establish a more credible no-bailout clause. The conditions for addressing the fiscal dimensions of banking union are a denationalisation of the banking policy framework - including as regards exposure to sovereign debt - addressing non-performing loans and legitimising the fiscal backstop. The second step would move on from the first by adding funds for public goods and investment in the EU. With these, this step would create a re-insurance framework to help euro-area countries absorb large shocks. We consider a review of the EU budget and additional resources as conditions for this scenario. A system of check and balances is important. Last, we consider structural convergence to better deal with shocks as an essential prerequisite for mechanisms to cope with large country-specific shocks. The last step constitutes our analytical benchmark as it would move substantial government spending to the central level. This would allow euro-area fiscal stabilisation to be fully centralised. To enable this scenario, real economic differences between countries need to be lower, and a proper political union would need to be established, with legitimacy and a level of political integration very different from the situation today.

Intro -- Title Page -- Acknowledgement -- Contents -- Introduction: For smokers and non-smokers -- Chapter 1: A condensed history of my country - from Stalin to Brezhnev -- Chapter 2: The Yava Factory - a Group B industrial enterprise -- Chapter 3: Yava cigarettes - the leap to Western technology -- Chapter 4: "The drowning man must save himself" -- Chapter 5: After the initial shock -- Chapter 6: Rebuilding Yava - the Road to Calvary -- Chapter 7: Yava in front again -- Chapter 8: Back to the command economy -- THE FAILINGS OF CENTRAL PLANNING -- THE NEW MANAGEMENT CULTURE AT YAVA: RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS -- Chapter 9: The contradictory reality of the seventies -- COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY STALLS -- "TOTAL SHORTAGES" STEER THE ECONOMY -- THE "MOBILISATION OF WORKFORCES" IN RESPONSE TO GOSPLAN'S UNREALISTIC PLANS -- LATE SOVIET REALITY: PILFERING AND DRUNKENNESS AT WORK -- TALENTED PEOPLE. DAMAGED LIVES -- Chapter 10: The realities of the "Brezhnev stagnation" -- SOYUZ-APOLLO CIGARETTES. A FITTING TRIBUTE TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE PROJECT -- THE TOBACCO CRISIS AND THE POLITBURO -- UNION REPUBLICS UNDER THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE'S WING -- MARLBORO - SYMBOL OF THE AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE - MAKES ITS DEBUT IN THE USSR -- LENIN'S SUBBOTNIKS - THE SWANSONG OF COMMUNIST LABOUR -- Chapter 11: Total impasse -- "PRESENTS" FOR BREZHNEV -- THE ROMANOV ASSOCIATIONS. "IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN TESTED ON DOGS FIRST" -- WHERE THERE IS SMOKE THERE MUST BE MIRRORS -- Chapter 12: The end of the Brezhnev era. The death throes of the regime -- SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS IN THE ECONOMY -- THE KGB - THE LAST STRAW -- THE ROT SETS IN -- Chapter 13: Gorbachev's perestroika - the long-awaited era of change -- THE IDEAS OF PERESTROIKA FLY IN THE FACE OF PARTY POLICY -- POSITIVE CHANGES IN REAL LIFE AND THE FIRST SERIOUS PROBLEMS -- JOINT VENTURES - THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS DENATIONALISATION.

Erster Abschnitt. Die ausländischen kriegführenden Staaten. -- I. Frankreich. -- A. Der Rechtszustand bei Kriegsbeginn -- B. Die Entwicklung während des Kriegs und nach dem Kriege -- II. Britisches Reich. -- A. Das Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz vom 7. VIII. 1914 -- B. Die Entwicklung während des Kriegs und nach dem Kriege -- III. Belgien. -- 1. Einschränkung, Erweiterung und Rückgängigmachung der Option -- 2. Das Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz vom 15. V. 1922 -- 3. Rechtsprechung -- IV. Italien. -- 1. Option und Wiedererwerb -- 2. Denaturalisation -- 3. Naturalisation -- 4. Rechtsprechung -- V. Die Vereinigten Staaten. -- 1. Naturalisation und Heeresdienst -- 2. Denaturalisation -- 3. Naturalisation und Rassenfrage -- 4. Staatsangehörigkeit und Eheschließung -- VI. Portugal. -- Denationalisation -- VII. Japan. -- Verzicht auf die Staatsangehörigkeit -- VIII. China. -- Das Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz vom 18. XI. 1912 und 30. XII. 1914 -- IX. Uruguay. -- Die Verfassung vom 15. X. 1917 -- Zweiter Abschnitt. Die neutralen Staaten. -- I. Die Schweiz. -- Die Fremdenfrage, Gesetz vom 26. VI. 1920 -- II. Spanien. -- Staatsangehörigkeitserwerb durch Erlangung des Ortsbürgerrechts -- III. Mexiko. -- Die Verfassung vom 31. I. 1917 -- Dritter Abschnitt. Die Friedensverträge. -- Die Friedensverträge -- Vierter Abschnitt. Die Reststaaten und die neuen Staaten. -- I. Österreich. -- Das Gesetz vom 5. XII. 1918 und die Bundesverfassung vom 1. X. 1920 -- II. Türkei. -- Das Gesetz vom 3. III. 1917. Die Verfassung vom 20. IV. 1924 -- III. Rumänien. -- Das Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz vom 23. II. 1924. -- IV. Polen. -- Das Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz vom 20. I. 1920 -- V. Danzig. -- Das Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz vom 30. V. 1922 -- VI. Tschechoslovakei. -- Das Gesetz vom 9. IV. 1920 -- VII. Ägypten. -- Ägypten -- VIII. Rußland. -- Reglement über die Bundesstaatsangehörigkeit vom 29. X. 1924 -- IX. Litauen und das Memelgebiet. -- Litauen und das Memelgebiet -- X. Lettland. -- Lettland -- XI. Estland. -- Estland -- XII. Finnland. -- Finnland -- Fünfter Abschnitt. Deutschland. -- Deutschland -- Sechster Abschnitt. Rückblick und Ausblick. -- I. Charakteristik des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts in den verschiedenen Staaten -- II. Gruppierung der Vorgänge in der Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetzgebung, Kritik. -- III. Vereinheitlichung des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts. -- Vereinheitlichung des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts -- Anlagen. -- Deutschland (Anlage 1) -- Frankreich (Anlage 2–9) -- Britisches Reich (Anlage 10–11) -- Belgien (Anlage 12–13) -- Italien (Anlage 14–16) -- Vereinigte Staaten (Anlage 17) -- Portugal (Anlage 18) -- Japan (Anlage 19) -- China (Anlage 20) -- Uruguay (Anlage 21) -- Schweiz (Anlage 22) -- Spanien (Anlage 23) -- Österreich (Anlage 24–29) -- Rumänien (Anlage 30) -- Polen (Anlage 31) -- Danzig (Anlage 32) -- Litauen (Anlage 33–36) -- Lettland (Anlage 37) -- Estland (Anlage 38) -- Rußland (Anlage 39) -- Verzeichnis der Entscheidungen nach dem Namen der Partei.

Досліджено досягнення останніх років на шляху реалізації політичної частини Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС. Розглянуто проблеми реформування державної служби, розвитку місцевого самоврядування, проведення адміністративно-територіальної реформи, розвитку електронного урядування. Визначено актуальні завдання у сфері поглиблення внутрішніх демократичних реформ у контексті реалізації політичної частини Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС. ; Problem setting. The implementation of democratic reforms, aimed at further democratising social and political life, enhancing local governance, improving the power devolution mechanism, advancing the civil society, etc, is an important aspect in the implementation of the Ukraine/EU Association Agreement.Recent research and publications analysis. Studies into the issues relating to the institutionalisation of European standards into the public administration can be found in the works by V. Rebkal, E. Afonin, V. Shakhov, Ya. Berezhnyy, L. Honiukova, V. Kozakov, M. Lohunona, M. Piren, A. Popko, S. Sakhanenko, A. Semenchenko, M. Tulenkov, E. Topalova, etc. The issues of and prospects related to the implementation of the EU-Ukraine Agreement were researched by M. Mykiyevych, O. Krasivskyy, V. Murovnikov, R. Petrov, K. Smirnov, O. Holovko-Havrysheva, V. Motyl, I. Yavorska, I. Horodyskyy, O. Oleksiv, and D. Sherenhovskyy.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The process of Ukraine/EU political association implementation still remains a poorly researched issue in the National science. It, in particular, is related to the democratisation aspects regarding social and political life, the incorporation of European standards into the power vertical reshaping process, and the development of local governance; hence the choice of subject-matter for this study. The purpose of this paper is to determine the achievements reached in internal democratic reforms during the Ukraine/EU cooperation period, and to reveal the urgent problems in implementing the political segment of the Association Agreement.Paper main body. The compulsory reform of the body of State officials is one of the components of the "reform package" to be brought to life in Ukraine within the framework of the implementation of the political section of the Ukraine/EU Association Agreement. The first practical step in this direction was made by the adoption of a new Law "Re Public Service". In 2017, a performance assessment mechanism for public officers was regularised. Furthermore, institutional changes took place, connected with new structural divisions set up within ministries, i.e. directorates and general departments. A significant innovation in the reform of the power vertical lies in that the public service requirements are now no longer applied to heads of local State administrations. Among other measures with respect to this, a competitive recruitment system for entry into public service was cancelled for heads of local State administrations. Several important steps have been taken to further develop the E-governance sector.In 2015, an administrative-territorial reform was launched in Ukraine, initiated by the Law "Re the Voluntary Merger of Territorial Communities" adopted by the Verkhovna Rada in February 2015. In July 2015, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law "Re Local Elections", and as from October 2015, elections of local council deputies and village/town/city mayors have been based on this Law. Various forms of inter-municipal cooperation of merged territorial communities are becoming increasingly widely used.The development of civil society is a separate area of internal democratic reforms that are underway in Ukraine. An Agreement was signed between Ukraine and the EU to finance the programme entitled "The Support of Civil Society in Ukraine". The President has signed an Edict "Re Promoting Civil Society in Ukraine", adopting the National Strategy for Promoting Civil Society in Ukraine for the Years 2016/20. A Presidential Coordination Board to promote civil society was set up. During 2014/7, the Public TV and Radio Project was implemented in Ukraine. Also, the process of State and Municipal printed media denationalisation is underway.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Significant progress has been made in the implementation of internal democratic reforms during the four years of cooperation with the European Union within the framework of the implementation of the Ukraine/EU Association Agreement: a reform of public service is underway, pilot ministries are being upgraded, European standards are increasingly being incorporated into the E-governance system in order to contribute to its development; enhancements have been made to the election legislation; the administrative-territorial reform is now actively implemented, inter-regional cooperation is expanding; civil society is continuously developing, the interaction between public authorities and civil society is being built up, and the denationalisation of State and municipal printed media will soon be completed.

Досліджено досягнення останніх років на шляху реалізації політичної частини Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС. Розглянуто проблеми реформування державної служби, розвитку місцевого самоврядування, проведення адміністративно-територіальної реформи, розвитку електронного урядування. Визначено актуальні завдання у сфері поглиблення внутрішніх демократичних реформ у контексті реалізації політичної частини Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС. ; Problem setting. The implementation of democratic reforms, aimed at further democratising social and political life, enhancing local governance, improving the power devolution mechanism, advancing the civil society, etc, is an important aspect in the implementation of the Ukraine/EU Association Agreement.Recent research and publications analysis. Studies into the issues relating to the institutionalisation of European standards into the public administration can be found in the works by V. Rebkal, E. Afonin, V. Shakhov, Ya. Berezhnyy, L. Honiukova, V. Kozakov, M. Lohunona, M. Piren, A. Popko, S. Sakhanenko, A. Semenchenko, M. Tulenkov, E. Topalova, etc. The issues of and prospects related to the implementation of the EU-Ukraine Agreement were researched by M. Mykiyevych, O. Krasivskyy, V. Murovnikov, R. Petrov, K. Smirnov, O. Holovko-Havrysheva, V. Motyl, I. Yavorska, I. Horodyskyy, O. Oleksiv, and D. Sherenhovskyy.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The process of Ukraine/EU political association implementation still remains a poorly researched issue in the National science. It, in particular, is related to the democratisation aspects regarding social and political life, the incorporation of European standards into the power vertical reshaping process, and the development of local governance; hence the choice of subject-matter for this study. The purpose of this paper is to determine the achievements reached in internal democratic reforms during the Ukraine/EU cooperation period, and to reveal the urgent problems in implementing the political segment of the Association Agreement.Paper main body. The compulsory reform of the body of State officials is one of the components of the "reform package" to be brought to life in Ukraine within the framework of the implementation of the political section of the Ukraine/EU Association Agreement. The first practical step in this direction was made by the adoption of a new Law "Re Public Service". In 2017, a performance assessment mechanism for public officers was regularised. Furthermore, institutional changes took place, connected with new structural divisions set up within ministries, i.e. directorates and general departments. A significant innovation in the reform of the power vertical lies in that the public service requirements are now no longer applied to heads of local State administrations. Among other measures with respect to this, a competitive recruitment system for entry into public service was cancelled for heads of local State administrations. Several important steps have been taken to further develop the E-governance sector.In 2015, an administrative-territorial reform was launched in Ukraine, initiated by the Law "Re the Voluntary Merger of Territorial Communities" adopted by the Verkhovna Rada in February 2015. In July 2015, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law "Re Local Elections", and as from October 2015, elections of local council deputies and village/town/city mayors have been based on this Law. Various forms of inter-municipal cooperation of merged territorial communities are becoming increasingly widely used.The development of civil society is a separate area of internal democratic reforms that are underway in Ukraine. An Agreement was signed between Ukraine and the EU to finance the programme entitled "The Support of Civil Society in Ukraine". The President has signed an Edict "Re Promoting Civil Society in Ukraine", adopting the National Strategy for Promoting Civil Society in Ukraine for the Years 2016/20. A Presidential Coordination Board to promote civil society was set up. During 2014/7, the Public TV and Radio Project was implemented in Ukraine. Also, the process of State and Municipal printed media denationalisation is underway.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Significant progress has been made in the implementation of internal democratic reforms during the four years of cooperation with the European Union within the framework of the implementation of the Ukraine/EU Association Agreement: a reform of public service is underway, pilot ministries are being upgraded, European standards are increasingly being incorporated into the E-governance system in order to contribute to its development; enhancements have been made to the election legislation; the administrative-territorial reform is now actively implemented, inter-regional cooperation is expanding; civil society is continuously developing, the interaction between public authorities and civil society is being built up, and the denationalisation of State and municipal printed media will soon be completed.

The article considers the structural changes in the party system of the Slovak Republic, taking place in 2016– 2020 due to the strengthening of parties of anti-systemic populist orientation. The author researches the causes and factors of evolution of the party landscape in the EU countries towards institutionalisation of antisystem policy. The development of the Slovak party system reflects the key trends in the political development of the EU countries with the weakening position of the systemic party establishment and the strengthening role of populist parties. The complexity of the phenomenon of antisystemicism in modern conditions is emphasized, since mainstream parties, seeking electoral support, use the rhetoric of populist parties, and populist parties, haveing obtained parliamentary mandates, weaken their radicalism and start working in the mainstream format. As a result of the 2016 parliamentary elections, the breakdown of the "structural nucleus" of Slovakia's party system took place, which for two decades had been the basis of its stability and predictability of development. The weakening influence of "traditional" (Christian-Democratic, Conservative, Social-Democratic) parties freed up electoral environment for "new" populist, anti-systemic, right-wing extremist forces. Electoral statistics demonstrates that the influence of mainstream parties weakens at the regional and local levels of Slovak politics. The results of the 2020 parliamentary elections demonstrate that the party system of Slovakia in the continuum between mainstream and populism comes even closer to the populist format. The electoral triumph of populists and their convergence with programmatic parties within the parliamentary-governmental coalition raises new challenges for Slovakia's political system. Among the main reasons for the rise of populism in Slovakia are the following: disappointment of citizens with the activities of the ruling elites; mediation and personalisation of policy; denationalisation of politics and increasing importance of global governance structures at European and world levels; increasing populism in Slovakian election campaigns; low level of institutionalisation of political parties and the party system as a whole. Attention is drawn to the destructive tendencies in the development of the modern party system of Slovakia. The collapse of the "structural core" of the Slovak party system and the further pluralisation of parliamentary representation of parties do not contribute to the stability and predictability of parliamentary-governmental activity. Increased electoral influence and parliamentary representation of political subjects of populist, anti-systemic and right-wing extremist orientation cause political risks for the stable democratic development of the Slovak Republic.