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This book provides the first overview of the history and development of Islam in Afghanistan. Written by leading international experts, chapters cover every era from the conversion of Afghanistan through the medieval period to the present day. Based on primary sources in Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Uzbek, and Urdu, its depth of coverage is unrivalled in providing a developmental picture of Afghanistan's Islam, including such issues as the rise of Sufism, women's religiosity, state religious policies, and transnational Islamism. Looking beyond the unifying rhetoric of theology, the book reveals the disparate and contested forms of Afghanistan's Islam.

Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), caused by Leishmania tropica, is the main cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Herat province, Western Afghanistan. We investigated the role of environmental factors on ACL distribution in Herat. Epidemiological data from 2457 patients were retrieved from the local WHO sub-office. Shapefile layers of districts, cities, villages, land cover, soil type and digital elevation model (DEM) of the Herat province were used to assess, by logistic regression modelling, the effects of land cover, soil types, elevation, and proximity to the Harirud river on the distribution of ACL. The key determinants of distribution were: (i) close proximity to the Harirud river, (ii) elevation between 700 and 1200m, (iii) intensive and intermittent irrigated cultivated land, and (iv) Haplocalcids with Torriorthents and Torrifluvents soil types. No ACL cases were found below 700m, and a few cases were present at >1200m in irrigated areas around the Harirud river. These findings suggest that moist soil and the humidity from irrigated areas found between 700 and 1200m provide suitable breeding sites of Phlebotomus sergenti, the main sandfly vector of L. tropica in Afghanistan. The effect of elevation also explains the predominance of ACL over ZCL in this region. The present study showed that distribution of ACL is strongly associated with environmental factors in West Afghanistan where the political and socio-economic conditions may also affect the epidemiology of CL.

Frontmatter --Inhalt --Danksagung --Legende des transkribierten Zeichensystems für die Interviews --1. Einleitung --2. Definitionen und historischer Kontext --3. Theoretischer Rahmen --4. Methode --5. Empirie und das besondere Feld --6. Kabul: Die Machtzentrale --7. Die Welt der provinziellen Paradoxien: Mazar-e Sharif und Herat --8. Neopatrimonialismus als stablisierende Staatsbildungsform --Literatur --Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis --Abkürzungsverzeichnis --Glossar --Anhang

Drawing on fieldwork in the Herat area, Afghanistan, this book addresses migration patterns throughout three decades of war. It launches a framework for understanding the role of social networks for people's responses to war and disaster as well as mobilizing or maintaining material resources for security and gathering information

Twelve years after 'Operation Enduring Freedom' was launched in Afghanistan, the situation in the region is more volatile than ever. The Taliban have increased bombings throughout 2013: killing seven women and children during a Muslim holiday (August 8), a district governor and seven others attending a funeral (August 30), the female author Sushmita Banerjee (September 5) who wrote a book about the Taliban's repression, seven civilian passengers on a bus (September 10), four Afghans at the U.S. Consulate in Herat (September 13), and six Afghan charity workers (November 27). The Afghan President Hamid Karzai has repeatedly stalled in signing the bilateral security agreement, which would allow some U.S. and coalition security forces to remain after the main troop withdrawal at the end of 2014. The Karzai administration has even proposed resuming public stoning to death as a punishment for adultery. Adapted from the source document.

Ghiyāth al-Dīn Khwāndamīr (d. after 942/1535-6) is a Persian historian who worked for several Timurid rulers in Herat. After the capture of Herat by the Uzbeks in 912/1507 and their ousting by the Safavids in 916/1510, Khwāndamīr held no further public office there. In 927/1520 he went to Agra where he entered the service of the founder of the Mughal dynasty Bābūr (d. 937/1530) and, following the latterʾs death, his son Humāyūn (d. 963/1556). He died in India, where he was also laid to rest. Khwāndamīr is especially known for his Ḥabīb al-siyar , a universal history from the beginning of time until the reign of Shāh Ismāʿīl I (d. 930/1524). The present work, written at the beginning of his career, is a monument to the greatness of his first patron, the vizier Mīr ʿAlī Shīr Nawāʾī (d. 906/1501). Khwāndamīrʾs personal involvement in many of the events that it describes lends this work its special interest