Suchergebnisse

The history of international law is essentially a history of the law governing the members of the international community of states in their relations with one another. Inasmuch as the observance of well-established customs of the law of nations implies the existence of an international community of states based upon a general recognition of the fundamental principles of territorial sovereignty and legal equality of independent states, such a law (in the strict and full sense of this term) could not possibly have been developed prior to the rise of the modern European state system, at the close of the Middle Ages or during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries of our era. Nevertheless, we are by no means without evidence of the observance in intercommunity intercourse of certain rules and customs, even during antiquity and the Middle Ages, mainly with a religious sanction. This was especially the case in Greece, where there were developed rules and customs of intermunicipal law which, in many respects, bear a truly remarkable resemblance to our modern system of international jurisprudence.

Was the medieval church corrupt? /Frans van Liere --Papal infallibility /Elaine M. Beretz --"The age of faith" : everyone in the Middle Ages believed in God /Peter Dendle --Everyone was an orthodox, educated Roman Catholic /Michael D.C. Drout --Myth of the virgin nun /Mary Dockray-Miller --Medieval Popess /Vincent DiMarco --Medieval monks : funnier than you thought /Liam Ethan Felsen --Medieval attitudes toward Muslims and Jews /Michael Frassetto --Crusades : eschatological lemmings, younger sons, papal hegemony, and colonialism /Jessalynn Bird --Myth of the mounted knight /James G. Patterson --Myth of the flat earth /Louise M. Bishop --Medieval sense of self /Ronald J. Ganze --Middles Ages were a superstitious time /Peter Dendle --Age before reason /Richard Raiswell --Rehabilitating medieval medicine /Anne Van Arsdall --Medieval misconceptions /Bryon Grigsby --Medieval cuisine : hog's swill or culinary art? /Jean-Franc̦ois Kosta-Théfaine --What did medieval people eat? /Christopher Roman --Medieval drama /Carolyn Coulson-Grigsby --Shakespeare did not write in Old English /Marijane Osborn --Austere age without laughter /Michael W. George --King Arthur : the once and future misconception /S. Elizabeth Passmore --"Peasants revolt"? /Paul Strohm --Medieval sense of history /Richard H. Godden --Medieval peasant /Dinah Hazell --Witches and the myth of the medieval Burning Times /Anita Obermeier --Medieval child : an unknown phenomenon? /Sophie Oosterwijk --Were women able to read and write in the Middle Ages? /Helen Conrad-O'Briain --Teaching Chaucer in Middle English /C. David Benson --Medieval chastity belt unbuckled /Linda Migl Keyser.

Byzantium and Western Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Codex Justinianus: children of the unfree ; Novella 146: On Jews ; Excerpt from the Visigothic Code ; The Farmer's Law, from Byzantium ; The laws of Alfred, Guthrum, and Edward the Elder ; The laws of King Alfred -- The Catholic Church and its vicissitudes. Four documents from the Investiture controversy ; A truce of God, Decree of the Emperor Henry IV ; The Crusaders in Mainz, May 27, 1096 ; Excerpt from "The capture of Jerusalem" ; Excerpt from Historia Constantinopolitana ; Statute in favor of the princes ; Report from China ; Letter to Gregory XI -- England and France. The Assize of Clarendon ; Letter from Peter of Blois to Queen Eleanor of England ; Excerpt from Dialogue Concerning the Exchequer ; On the rules of love and chivalry ; Magna Carta ; Three summonses to the Parliament of 1295 ; Ordinances of the Merchant Gild of Southampton ; The Battle of Poitiers, from The Chronicles of Froissart ; Excerpts from The Book of the City of Ladies ; Excerpt from The Treasure of the City of Ladies ; Letter to the King of England from Joan of Arc ; Excerpt from the trial of Joan of Arc -- The Near East and beyond. The Pact of Umar: Peace Accord to the Christians of Syria ; Ibn Battuta makes the pilgrimage to Mecca and travels to Baghdad ; Ibn Battuta's travels in Cairo, Damascus, and Jerusalem ; Ibn Battuta's travels to Mali -- Philosophy, religion, and science. On fate and providence, from The Consolation of Philosophy ; Excerpt from St. Anslem's Proslogium, or Discourse on the Existence of God ; "In behalf of the fool": a response to St. Anselm ; Prologue to Sic et Non ; "Of the perils of his abbey," from Abelard's Historia Calamitatum ; Testament of St. Francis ; On the principles of nature ; Excerpt from Summa Theologica ; "On experimental science" ; Excerpt from The Love of Books.