Suchergebnisse

Informed by a constructivist perspective, this study illuminates the significance of & compliance with norms in international relations. The role & importance of norms in international relations is highlighted through presentation of three interpretive examples: glasnost & human rights in the former USSR, norms governing development, & the post-WWII trading system. Adapted from the source document.

Während in den Internationalen Beziehungen inzwischen Einigkeit darüber herrscht, dass Normen wirksam sein können, steht die Beantwortung der Frage, welche Normen dies wann und unter welchen Bedingungen sind, noch weitgehend aus. Insbesondere strukturierte Vergleiche zwischen Fällen erfolgreicher und schwieriger bzw. gescheiterter Normumsetzung fehlen. Angesichts dieser Forschungslücken besteht Bedarf, mehr über die Faktoren zu erfahren, die die Normumsetzung erleichtern bzw. erschweren. Die Studie untersucht, warum die Norm zur geschlechtssensiblen Auslegung der Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention in Großbritannien deutlich schneller und umfassender umgesetzt wurde als in Deutschland, obwohl sich in beiden Ländern eine Vielzahl von Normadvokaten engagierte. Sie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass das Rechtssystem einerseits die Normumsetzung begünstigte (Fallrechtssystem) bzw. sie andererseits behinderte (Kodifikationssystem) und zeigt, dass derselbe Zusammenhang auch in anderen Demokratien vorzufinden ist. Indem sie einen wichtigen Faktor identifiziert, der die Chancen auf Normumsetzung beeinflusst, trägt die Studie maßgeblich zur Theoriebildung bei

This theory note argues that international norms, as currently understood by scholars of international relations, can be seen as emergent properties of a complex adaptive system (the international political system). Arising from the microlevel interactions of agents within and across various levels of analysis, they have the potential to become system properties that (a) influence the constitution, relationships, and behavior of agents within that system and (b) are not analytically reducible to the sum of the interactions between those agents. They also exhibit evolutionary dynamics common to complex, rather than merely complicated, systems. Thinking of norms in this manner helps point norms scholars toward particular spaces and methodologies of research. After a brief resume of complexity theory in IR, the note proceeds with an introduction to complex systems theory. It then explores the conceptual nexus between norms theory and complexity. It finishes by suggesting the ways in which understanding norms as complex emergent phenomena might influence norms research more broadly.

In the age of air travel and globalized trade, pathogens that once took months or even years to spread beyond their regions of origin can now circumnavigate the globe in a matter of hours. Amid growing concerns about such epidemics as Ebola, SARS, MERS, and H1N1, disease diplomacy has emerged as a key foreign and security policy concern as countries work to collectively strengthen the global systems of disease surveillance and control. The revision of the International Health Regulations (IHR), eventually adopted by the World Health Organization's member states in 2005, was the foremost manifestation of this novel diplomacy. The new regulations heralded a profound shift in international norms surrounding global health security, significantly expanding what is expected of states in the face of public health emergencies and requiring them to improve their capacity to detect and contain outbreaks. Drawing on Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink's "norm life cycle" framework and based on extensive documentary analysis and key informant interviews, Disease Diplomacy traces the emergence of these new norms of global health security, the extent to which they have been internalized by states, and the political and technical constraints governments confront in attempting to comply with their new international obligations. The authors also examine in detail the background, drafting, adoption, and implementation of the IHR while arguing that the very existence of these regulations reveals an important new understanding: that infectious disease outbreaks and their management are critical to national and international security."--Publisher description

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- I. Introduction -- 1. Human rights in the United Nations -- 2. Classification of human rights -- 3. Civil rights in Finland -- 4. Finland in the United Nations -- 5. Rights and policies in Finland -- II. Life and liberty -- 1. The right to life (3) -- 2. The right to personal liberty (3, 4, 9, 10, 11) -- 3. The right to human dignity (5, 6) -- 4. The right to privacy (12) -- 5. The right to asylum (14) -- III. Independence -- 1. The right of domicile and the right to mobility -- 2. The right to marry and the rights in marriage (16) -- 3. The right to property (17) -- 4. The right to believe (18) -- 5. The right to communicate (19) -- 6. The right to assembly and association (20) -- IV. Participation -- 1. The right to participate in government (21) -- 2. The right to education (26) -- 3. The right to culture (27) -- 4. Rights and duties to the community (29) -- V. Security -- 1. The right to legal remedies (7, 8) -- 2. The right to work (23) -- 3. The right to a livelihood (22, 24, 25) -- 4. The right to a social and international order (28) -- VI. Equality and non-discrimination (1, 2, 15) -- 1. Race and colour -- 2. Sex -- 3. Language -- 4. Religion, political or other opinion, birth, national origin, nationality, other status -- VII. Concluding observations -- 1. The human rights policy process in Finland -- 2. An international human rights régime? -- Annexes -- 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- 2. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights -- 3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- 4. Reservations made by Finland to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- 6. Chapter II of the Constitution of Finland.