The following articles, the work of the faculty of the School of Law and a member of the Washington Bar, constitute the first academic comment on the laws of 1959. For obvious reasons, these articles are not represented to the reader as a complete survey of the legislative session. Rather, they are merely a compilation of comments on acts which the writers have found to be important, timely, or merely interesting. The Administrative Law section covers the Administrative Procedure Act (Trautman and Peck) and counties—coordination of administrative procedures (Trautman).
The central focus of this book is the interaction between law and tourism, with the view to attaining sustainable tourism. The book achieves its goal by approaching law and tourism from various angles. On the one hand, sustainable tourism is put in a broader context by, for example, outlining the principles and philosophy of sustainable tourism, and on the other by explaining how principles of sustainable tourism can be taught through educational programs in developing countries. The question therefore arises as to how a 'Global Code' could also be integrated in legal teaching. There are, more
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About The British and Their Laws in the Eighteenth Century: Law and legal institutions were of huge importance in the governance of Georgian society: legislation expanded the province of administrative authority out of all proportion, while the reach of the common law and its communal traditions of governance diminished, at least outside British North America. But what did the rule of law mean to eighteenth-century people, and how did it connect with changing experiences of law in all their bewildering complexity? This question has received much recent critical attention, but despite widespread agreement about Law's significance as a key to unlock so much which was central to contemporary life, as a whole previous scholarship has only offered a fragmented picture of the Laws in their social meanings and actions. Through a broader-brush approach, The British and their Laws in the Eighteenth Century contributes fresh analyses of law in England and British settler colonies, c. 1680-1830; its expert contributors consider among other matters the issues of participation, central-local relations, and the maintenance of common law traditions in the context of increasing legislative interventions and grants of statutory administrative powers. About Legislation, Magistrates, and Judges: High Law and Low Law in England and the Empire: The contrast between superior and appellate courts on the one hand, and lower level tribunals on the other, is familiar to every criminal lawyer. In common law jurisdictions inferior courts have usually been distinguished by large numbers of defendants, relatively few legal issues, and many apparent human problems, and not much legal assistance for those accused. Direct or indirect descendants of the jurisdiction of the English country and borough magistrates, inferior courts spread throughout the empire, sometimes as direct transplants, sometimes as adaptations of already established European traditions. In newly conquered Quebec the British made use of the capitaines de milice before establishing justices in 1764, giving them also a summary jurisdiction in debt not shared by their counterparts in England; in South Africa, the landdrost acted in the Cape until 1827; in both early New South Wales and Newfoundland, antecedent military and naval jurisdictions, and in Australia conflict between the free settler and ex-convince populations, gave a strong local flavour to the institution or popular attitudes toward it. Their later development in different countries has been equally distinctive. On one of the most significant issues, the place of law magistrates, there are great differences in current practice. In Ontario, Canada a largely professional magistracy came into being in the mid-nineteenth century, and the few surviving magistrates quietly expired about 1990. In England, in contrast, lay magistrates still do something like 95 percent of criminal adjudication, albeit sometimes guided with a strong hand by their clerks. The incursions of stipendiaries in the mid-nineteenth century were reversed in England, although the Blair government is apparently moving in the direction of professionalization. Even in Scotland, usually thought to have had a minimal lay jurisdiction until the present, there was considerable activity by the justices and other lay judges both before and after 1707, and an actual expansion of jurisdiction as late as the mid-1970s, hotly debated by the profession and the parties.
The article presents key developments in Polish antitrust legislation and case law in 2009. Regarding legislation the article focuses on a new leniency regulation and legal acts amending the Polish Competition and Consumer Protection Act, adopted in 2008, that entered into force in 2009. The article provides a general characteristics of antitrust cases, mainly ones ruled by the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal in Warsaw. A description of cases is divided into thematic parts referring to particular kinds of practices restricting competition, identification of relevant markets, relationships between the Competition Act and other legal acts and problems related to adopting and implementing decisions by the UOKiK President. ; Michał Mijal
The article presents key developments in Polish antitrust legislation and case law of 2010. Regarding legislation, the article focuses on a new group exemption for agreements on motor vehicle distribution; also provided is a general characterisation of antitrust jurisprudence, mainly the judgments of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals in Warsaw. The presented rulings are divided according to their subject matter referring to particular types of restrictive practices, relevant market definition, relationships between the Competition Act and other national legislation as well as problems related to the UOKiK President's decision-making process and juridical control of antitrust decisions. ; Michał Mijal
Islamic law in the form of legislation in Indonesia is that which is legally binding on the constitution, even its binding capacity is broader. Therefore, as an organic regulation, sometimes it is not elastic to anticipate the demands of the times and change. For example, Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The law contains Islamic law and is binding on every citizen of the Republic of Indonesia. Problems that occur such as in Jambi Province at this time the fiqh law which is very broad in its scope is worthy of being called "Islamic law" is marriage law, inheritance law and waqf law. Laws or provisions that are applied to administer and settle marriages, inheritance and endowments as material laws, are still diverse. Marriage and Wakaf cases are regulated in statutory law; marriage is regulated by Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and waqf law regulated by Government Regulation No.28 of 1977; as executor of the Agrarian Basic Law of 1961. Whereas inheritance law has not been regulated by law and by itself is still guided by Jurisprudence.
