Suchergebnisse

Shapira is one of the several dozen Israeli active, reserve, and veteran pilots who signed a letter to the Israel Defense Forces protesting ""illegal and immoral orders"" for operations against civilians in the occupied territories and, in the case of the active and reserve pilots, refusing to take part in further such operations. The pilots' initiative is a continuation of the Refusenik movement that first surfaced in 1982, in response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. The term refers to combat soldiers who will not fight in the occupied territories as well as to conscientious objectors who refuse all service in the IDF. During the first intifada, several hundred soldiers disobeyed orders. Since the start of the al-Aqsa intifada, nearly 600 soldiers have signed the ""Courage to Refuse"" petition, similar to the pilots letter, that began circulation in January 2002 (see Doc. C4 in JPS 123), and more than 1,000 have refused military duty in one form or another. Shapira's testimony was posted on the Internet publication Counterpunch on 23 January 2004.

Asma Boujenna – Universidad AbdelMalek Essâadi – Tetuan, Marruecos - 0000-0002-0023-7759 ; Vanessa Martos Núñez – Universidad de Granada - 0000-0001-6442-7968 ; Belén García del Moral Garrido – Universidad de Almería - 0000-0001-9803-9939 ; Luis F. Garcia del Moral – Universidad de Granada - 0000-0002-0533-2915 ; Recepción: 08.04.2022 | Aceptado: 18.04.2022 ; Correspondencia a través de ORCID: Luis F. García del Moral - 0000-0002-0533-2915 ; El punto de compensación para el CO2 (ΓCO2) es el límite mínimo de CO2 atmosférico necesario para una asimilación fotosintética positiva. Por debajo de este límite los procesos respiratorios predominan sobre los fotosintéticos, la fotosíntesis neta tiene valores negativos y el crecimiento se detiene, con consecuencias negativas sobre el rendimiento y la productividad. Las diferencias en ΓCO2, se han utilizado para seleccionar genotipos con una mayor capacidad de captación de CO2 y con mejor productividad. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento práctico, por parte del alumnado de una asignatura de Ecofisiología Vegetal, de cómo se puede calcular el valor del ΓCO2 y su interés para evaluar la eficiencia en la captación de CO2 por plantas con metabolismo fotosintético C3 o C4. Abstract: The compensation point for CO2 (ΓCO2) is the minimum limit of atmospheric CO2 necessary for positive photosynthetic assimilation. Below this limit, respiratory processes predominate over photosynthetic ones, net photosynthesis has negative values and growth stops, with negative consequences on yield and productivity. Differences in ΓCO2 have been used to select genotypes with a higher CO2 uptake capacity and better productivity. The objective of this work is to contribute to the practical knowledge, by students of a Plant Ecophysiology course, of how the value of ΓCO2 can be calculated and its interest in evaluating the efficiency of CO2 uptake by plants with C3 or C4 photosynthetic metabolism. ; Financiación: Grupo de investigación AGR123 de la Junta de Andalucía y proyecto "SUSTAINABLE" funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2020, Grant Agreement 101007702.