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AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on African‐American women's suicide rates. This topic is often neglected due to African‐American women's low rates of suicide occurrence. This review seeks to answer the call for increased scientific inquiry on matters related to African‐American women and suicide. The author begins by identifying complex dynamics surrounding African‐American women's unique social position in order to establish a better understanding of how socio‐cultural influences are addressed in the literature in relation to the suicide paradox. Both theoretical and empirical studies are thoroughly assessed in order to identify the risk and protective factors exclusive to African‐American women. The literature concludes that a history of mental disorders, particularly depression, a history of physical and emotional abuse, and a history of alcohol and substance abuse have all proven significant in increasing the risk of suicidal behavior among African‐American women. Untreated depression continues to be the leading cause of suicide among African‐American women. Contrarily, the literature identifies religious/spiritual beliefs, strong social ties, low rates of suicide acceptability, and unique coping strategies developed as a result of longstanding oppressive conditions as primary reasons for African‐American women's exceptionally low suicide rates.

The paper aims to comprehend the research work carried out about women directors to identify and highlight various issues, such as; status of women directors, factors hindering the growth of women directors, benefits of having women directors, strategies to promote women participation and directions for future research. The paper clears that the representation of women on the corporate boards across the globe is very low. Role perception, male dominance and stereotypes, proportion of women in management positions, mentoring and networking opportunities, nature of industries, size of the organization and board and a range of other factors determine the participation of women on the corporate boards. Awareness for social philanthropy, less incidences of sexual harassment, motivating women employees and improved corporate performance are the different benefits an organization can drive from having more women at the corporate boards.

Maureen Fries's essay, although not about witches, expands upon Elizabeth Tucker's paper. The duality of women i n the literature examined by Fries show them to be virgin or whore: the woman saint is a model of such desirable qualities as chastity, obedience, and fortitude, while the fabliau woman uses her sexuality for fun and for profit. The literature, in both instances, depicts male values in a male world. Ultimately, the popular image of women can be distilled into the roles of Mary, wholly above feminine weakness, and Eve, who represents theopposite. Possibly the only "mixed" image is that of the Magdalene, who recalls the fallen Eve, but who also is transformed into the virtuous woman. The Lack of flexibility, not noted elsewhere in medieval literature, in the perception of medieval women suggests that we need to know more about the society of the Middle Ages and women's place in it.