Support for free trade: self-interest, sociotropic politics, and out-group anxiety
In: International organization, Band 63, Heft 3, S. 425-457
ISSN: 0020-8183
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In: International organization, Band 63, Heft 3, S. 425-457
ISSN: 0020-8183
World Affairs Online
In: International organization, Band 63, Heft 3, S. 425-457
ISSN: 1531-5088
AbstractAlthough it is widely acknowledged that an understanding of mass attitudes about trade is crucial to the political economy of foreign commerce, only a handful of studies have addressed this topic. These studies have focused largely on testing two models, both of which emphasize that trade preferences are shaped by how trade affects an individual's income. The factor endowments or Heckscher-Ohlin model posits that these preferences are affected primarily by a person's skills. The specific factors or Ricardo-Viner model posits that trade preferences depend on the industry in which a person works. We find little support for either of these models using two representative national surveys of Americans. The only potential exception involves the effects of education. Initial tests indicate that educational attainment and support for open trade are directly related, which is often interpreted as support for the Heckscher-Ohlin model. However, further analysis reveals that education's effects are less representative of skill than of individuals' anxieties about involvement with out-groups in their own country and beyond. Furthermore, we find strong evidence that trade attitudes are guided less by material self-interest than by perceptions of how the U.S. economy as a whole is affected by trade.
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 71, Heft 1, S. 249-261
ISSN: 1468-2508
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 71, Heft 1, S. 249-261
ISSN: 0022-3816
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 68, Heft 1, S. 140-155
ISSN: 1468-2508
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 68, Heft 1, S. 140-155
ISSN: 0022-3816
In: American political science review, Band 95, Heft 1, S. 97-114
ISSN: 0003-0554
Examines extent to which various sources of political information expose citizens to dissimilar political views, particularly news sources; US. Argues that the individual's ability and desire to exercise selective exposure is a key factor, and that news media exposes people to more dissimilar political views than interpersonal political discussants.
In: American political science review, Band 95, Heft 1, S. 97-114
ISSN: 0003-0554
In: Public opinion quarterly: journal of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Band 64, Heft 2, S. 234
ISSN: 0033-362X
In: American journal of political science, Band 41, Heft 1, S. 284
ISSN: 1540-5907
In: American journal of political science: AJPS, Band 41, Heft 1, S. 284-308
ISSN: 0092-5853
In: Public opinion quarterly: journal of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Band 59, Heft 1, S. 154-157
ISSN: 0033-362X
In: Journal of broadcasting & electronic media: an official publication of the Broadcast Education Association, Band 36, Heft 3, S. 365-370
ISSN: 1550-6878
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 42, Heft 4, S. 555-573
ISSN: 1467-9221
Despite their less vulnerable economic status, white individuals' attitudes toward overseas trade in the United States may have become more protectionist than those of economically disadvantaged minorities. We present results from five different studies examining two different ways in which trade may have become racialized. First, we examine the extent to which a person's racial identity is associated with levels of trade support. Second, we examine whether the predominant racial identity of a potential trading‐partner country influences people's willingness to trade with that country. Using various surveys and multiple survey experiments conducted over the past 12 years, we find that white individuals have become less supportive of trade than minorities and that whites are more likely than minorities to favor trade with highly similar countries. We suggest that minority support for trade is due to four well‐documented differences in the psychological predispositions of whites and minorities in the United States. Minorities have lower levels of racial prejudice, are lower in social dominance, and express less nationalism than whites. At the same time, there is evidence of rising ingroup racial consciousness among whites. Each of these characteristics has been independently linked to trade support in a direction encouraging greater support for trade among minorities. As the United States grows ever closer to becoming a "majority minority" nation, the racialization of trade attitudes may stimulate shifts in the likely future of America's trade relationships.
In: American political science review, Band 114, Heft 4, S. 1179-1194
ISSN: 1537-5943
AbstractWhen forming opinions, mass publics may implicitly or explicitly value some people's well-being more than others. Here we examine how two forms of this phenomenon—ethnocentric valuation and moral exclusion—affect attitudes toward international trade. We hypothesize that attitudes toward competition and believing that trade is a competition moderate the extent of ethnocentric valuation and moral exclusion; although all citizens value their co-nationals' livelihoods systematically more than those of people in trading partner countries, greater ethnocentric valuation and moral exclusion occur when trade is seen as a competition and when individuals hold more positive attitudes toward competition.Using two survey experiments conducted on representative samples of both Americans and Canadians, we examine how differential valuation of in-country and out-country job gains and losses influences trade policy preferences. We test a series of hypotheses using multiple variables tied to competitive attitudes across two countries that differ in their attitudes toward competition.