Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1: Social Choice -- Introduction -- Elimination Procedures -- Condorcet Ideas and Related Procedures -- Scoring Procedures: Borda Count -- A Glimpse into Social Welfare Theory -- Social Choice Procedures: Indifference and Ties Allowed -- Manipulability of Social Choice Procedures: Indifference and Ties Allowed -- Exercises -- Chapter 2: Yes-No Voting -- Introduction -- Quantification of Power in a Yes-No Voting System -- Some Combinatorics -- Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik Indices in One View -- Weightable Yes-No Voting Systems -- Exercises -- Chapter 3: Apportionment -- Introduction -- Axioms of Apportionment -- Quota Procedures -- Divisor Procedures -- Equity Criteria -- Apportionment Paradoxes -- Applications of Priority Formulas -- Exercises

Part, Part I: The Theory of Foreign Direct Investment: The Law of FDI -- chapter 1 Introduction -- chapter 2 FDI Theories and the Role of the State -- chapter 3 The Current Regulatory Framework for FDI -- chapter 4 Methodology -- part, Part II: Strategies for a Global Investment Agreement: The Key Players -- chapter 5 The OECD Countries and the OECD Agenda -- chapter 6 Developing Countries -- chapter 7 Consumer, Labour, Environmental and Business Groups -- chapter 8 International Organisations -- part, Part III: Evaluation: Towards Regulated Openness -- chapter 9 Evaluation of the Strategies -- chapter 10 Regulated Openness -- chapter 11 Conclusion.

As our world becomes increasingly interconnected through economic integration, technology, communication, and political transformation, the sphere of the family is a fundamental arena where globalizing processes become realized. For most individuals, family in whatever configuration, still remains the primary arrangement that meets certain social, emotional, and economic needs. It is within families that decisions about work, care, movement, and identity are negotiated, contested, and resolved. Globalization has profound implications for how families assess the choices and challenges that accompany this process. Families are integrated into the global economy through formal and informal work, through production and consumption, and through their relationship with nation-states. Moreover, ever growing communication and information technologies allow families and individuals to have access to others in an unprecedented manner. These relationships are accompanied by new conceptualizations of appropriate lifestyles, identities, and ideologies even among those who may never be able to access them. Despite a general acknowledgement of the complexities and social significance inherent in globalization, most analyses remain top-down, focused on the global economy, corporate strategies, and political streams. This limited perspective on globalization has had profound implications for understanding social life. The impact of globalization on gender ideologies, work-family relationships, conceptualizations of children, youth, and the elderly have been virtually absent in mainstream approaches, creating false impressions that dichotomize globalization as a separate process from the social order. Moreover, most approaches to globalization and social phenomena emphasize the Western experience. These inaccurate assumptions have profound implications for families, and for the globalization process itself. In order to create and implement programs and policies that can harness globalization for the good of mankind, and that could reverse some of the deleterious effects that have affected the world's most vulnerable populations, we need to make the interplay between globalization and families a primary focus.

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have difficulties developing independent skills (IS), which affects their ability to carry out daily tasks and social interaction. To develop these children's skills and enhance their independence, this study aimed to develop the IS of children with moderate DS through a training program based on virtual reality (VR). The study sample consisted of 18 male students with DS at the "Obour Day Care" Center in Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Their ages ranged from 8–12 years (mean age = 9.45, standard deviation ± 1.47). The study took a quasi-experimental approach, and the research tools were the Independence Skills Scale (ISS) prepared by Badawi (2018) and a training program developed by the researcher. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean ranks of the first experimental group (to which the VR program was applied) on the ISS for the pre- and post-measurements in favor of the post-measurement (z = -2.207, p = 0.027). There was also a statistically significant difference between the mean ranks of the second experimental group (to which the regular program was applied) on the ISS in the pre- and post-measurements in favor of the post-measurement (z = -2.201, p = 0.028). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean ranks of the control group (which was not exposed to any intervention) on the ISS in the pre- and post-measurements (z = -0.647, p = 0.518). In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the mean ranks of the three groups on the ISS in the post-measurement (x2 = 15.284, p < 0.001) in favor of the first experimental group, followed by the second experimental group. Based on the results, it is recommended that a training program based on VR be integrated into various training and educational programs targeting children with moderate DS, in order to enhance their independence and develop their skills.

Received: 2 January 2024 / Accepted: 27 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

We measure the development effects of both aggregated and sectorally disaggregated aid on selected educational and health indicators for 125 DAC‐listed official development assistance recipient countries from 1995 to 2015. After controlling for country and time fixed effects, endogeneity, and biases of aid aggregation, our results provide evidence for the favorable long‐run impact of education, health, and other social‐infrastructure aid flows on the process of human development.