Suchergebnisse

Studies of the incidence of benefits from public services have rightly stressed the difference between average and marginal benefits. Cross sectional methods of analysis for Lao PDR indicate that for public education and health services, total benefits are highest for the best-off quintile groups. Nevertheless, these groups' shares of marginal benefits are generally considerably lower and the marginal benefit shares of poorer quintile groups are correspondingly higher. For primary and secondary education and for primary health centers, expanding the overall level of provision delivers a pattern of marginal benefits that is significantly more pro-poor than average shares indicate. Although panel estimates show a pattern of marginal benefits that is somewhat less pro-poor than cross-sectional results suggest, they do not change the finding that the pattern of marginal benefits is more pro-poor than the overall pattern of average benefits.

This study analyzes the effects on poverty incidence and other economic variables resulting from government expenditures associated with natural resource revenues, using the Nam Theun II hydroelectric power project in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) as a case study. The analysis uses a multi-sector/multi-household general equilibrium model of the economy of Lao PDR. The conceptual framework distinguishes between official and marginal expenditures financed by project revenues, recognizing that some of the former still might have been undertaken without the new revenues generated by the project. A range of assumptions is considered regarding the direct distributional impact of the marginal expenditures. The analysis also incorporates the project's indirect distributional effects, operating through the "Dutch disease" mechanism. We find that poverty incidence declines under the entire range of distributional assumptions considered. Nevertheless, the most important determinant of poverty impact is the degree of rural bias. Even the most regressive of the pro-rural distributions reduces poverty incidence by seven times as much as the most progressive of the pro-urban distributions.

A general equilibrium framework is used in this paper to study the regional economic effects of infrastructure improvements designed to reduce the costs of cross-border inter-regional trade. The analysis focuses on the economic benefits from the Second Mekong International Bridge between Mukdahan Province in Thailand and Savannakhet Province in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The results suggest that in the short-run, the kind of transport cost reductions that are consistent with improvement of inter-regional transport facilities will produce a modest increase in inter-regional trade volumes in both directions and a small increase in real consumption in both regions. Over a longer period of time, the economic benefits to both regions are very much larger, as investors respond to the changed structure of incentives with new capital investments, and as workers move to regions of greater return to their labor. The results do not confirm the common presumption that the benefits from cross-border infrastructure projects occur only, or overwhelmingly, in the richer region.

Outlines a comprehensive taxonomy of modern manufacturing practices. Previous attempts have tended to be partial in coverage and to concentrate on performance issues, rather than explain the reasons why a particular practice may have been adopted. In order to overcome these problems, the new taxonomy categorizes manufacturing practices according to two dimensions: strategic emphasis and primary domain of application. Suggests 20 different categories of practice for a total of 87 practices. Supplements the taxonomy by a list of definitions which specify each of the practices identified. Considers practical implications of the taxonomy, as well as its limitations. Future research suggestions include using the taxonomy to provide the basis for systematic surveys of manufacturing, as well as closer examination of the links between companies' manufacturing strategy and financial performance.

In dieser Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die 'Kauft australisch'-Kampagnen der australischen Regierung tatsächlich die erhofften positiven Beschäftigungsauswirkungen im Inland hervorrufen können. Die Autoren zeigen, daß eine auf diese Weise induzierte Verlagerung von importierten auf heimische Produkte bei bestimmten Industriezweigen durch inflationäre Wirkungen auch negative gesamtwirtschaftliche Beschäftigungseffekte zur Folge haben könnte. Der Nutzen protektionistischer Maßnahmen jedoch wird aus demselben Grund noch geringer eingeschätzt. (DÜI-Bsn)

The presented paper discusses the effect on the Indonesian economy of the international oil price shocks of 1973-74 and 1978-79, the so-called "Second Dutch Disease". It focuses on the effects that increased revenues from petroleum exports have had on relative prices within Indonesia, on the sectoral structure of production, and on the distribution of income. Finally, the policy response of the Indonesian government is worked out. (DÜI-Sbt)

- das Programm der Freien Produktionszonen Malaysias + - die besondere Rolle der Elektronikindustrie in Malaysia + Industrialisierung als komplexen sozialen, gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Prozeß zu begreifen, ist das Anliegen dieser Fallstudie über West-Malaysia. In sechs Aufsätzen werden Implikationen des Industrialisierungsprozesses auf der Ebene des internationalen Systems, der nationalen Ökonomie und der regionalen Ebene behandelt. Neben einer Einschätzung der quantitativen Bedeutung der Industrialisierung soll so auch der Notwendigkeit einer qualitativen Analyse Rechnung getragen werden. Gegenstand der einzelnen Arbeiten sind u.a.: + - regionalwirtschaftliche Auswirkungen der Industrialisierung. (DÜI-Bsn)